陕西中考英语考前培训讲解

从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型大致可分为三种： 　　 1.阅读短文，选择答案 　　这类题目类型是阅读理解最常考的一种。这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来，然后再对要求根据上下文进行推埋的考项即短文伪容中没有直接答案的考项进行推断。 　　 2.阅读短文，判断正误 　　这种题型要求应考者根据短文的内容，对所列的句子与短文内容是否相符做出正误判断。应考者做这类考题时应特别注意反义词、近义词以及一些词组的互替使用。 　　 3.阅读短文，回答问题 　　考生对这种题型除了将考项的内容与短文内容对比之外，还应特别留意一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。对于一般疑问句，回答要简洁明了，用Yes，No。对于特殊疑问句的回答，切忌用Yes，No，答话也应尽量简单，可以避免不必要的丢分。对于反意疑问句，应根据反意疑问句的特点和短文的内容仔细分析。 　　此外纵观这几年全国各地的中考“阅读理解”试题，用于阅读理解测试的语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。因此，要做好中考英语试题中的语篇“阅读理解”题，需要我们具备较强的“阅读”和“理解”能力。其中包括：阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;阅读、理解各种图表的能力;快速阅读能力;根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。还有合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。 　　 (二)阅读理解精设考点 　　1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 　　此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。而获取段落的主旨和大意最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句(主题句一般在段首，即文章开头的第一、二句，有时也会出现在文章的最后)。假如没有主题句，在阅读时要仔细通读全文，注意文中所叙述的事实与细节是否围绕主题。这类题的主要提问方式有： 　　1) Which is the best title of the passage? 　　2) Which of the following is this passage about? 　　3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that____. 　　4) The passage tells us that_____. 　　5) This passage mainly talks about____. 　　 附：阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。 　　 1、细节理解题 　　此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力， 答案一般在原文中能找到。 　　答题时应迅速找到它的考察点，切不可望文生义或主观臆断。 　　出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反，要么不符，要么未涉及，相对容易排除。 　　 2、文章(段落)主旨大意题 　　Which is the best title of the passage? 　　The writer thinks________. 　　The writer wants to tell us__________. 　　The main idea of the passage is________. 　　切忌以点代面，以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口，阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。 　　在阅读过程中，可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视阈要宽，紧抓对主题句的`搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视或停顿。 　　学会猜词、跳词阅读，以暂时记忆迅速在头脑中清晰把握文章的大意。 　　 3、推理判断题 　　此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。 　　1) How many times did the tiger come into the village? 　　每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。 　　2) From the second paragraph we know_____. 　　在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。 　　 4、是非判断题 　　Which of the following is (NOT) true? 　　Which of the following descriptions about… is right? 　　干扰项常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。 　　 5、词意句意题 　　What does the word “…” mean in paragraph 3? 　　What does the sentence “…” really mean? 　　In the last paragraph, “…” means___. 　　What does the underlined word mean? 　　 学会猜词 　　 (1)根据构词法猜词义。 　　前缀或后缀-ful(形容词后缀), -less(无，没有，构成形容词), -ly(副词后缀), un-(不，非,未), dis-(相反，否定)re-(重新) 　　appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy unhappy, careful, careless, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable 　　 (2)根据上下文猜词义。 　　它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。 　　 (3)旧词新义现象。 　　如：Australians put their shirt “tails” on the clothes line after washing, because they usually put them into their trousers. “tails” 一词原意为“尾巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“_______”。 　　 (4)依解释 　　Microscope is an instrument(工具)that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means_______. 　　有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。

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中考英语语法讲解资料及练习（共18讲）-新目标下载地址无须注册

一、妙招一通读全文知大意 Mr. Johnson had a factory. He once 1 on TV that animals could be taught to 2 some work for people if they were given 3 to eat. He loved the idea. He thought it would be 4 to have a dog look after his 5 and an elephant do some heavy jobs 6 his factory. He bought a dog 7 an elephant in the market and decided to teach them to do some work for him. Of course. he 8 bought a lot of food for them. Several months later，the dog and the elephant 9 fatter and fatter，but they 10 do any work for him. At last，Mr. Johnson had to give up. 1. A. saw B. asked C. met 2. A. make B.do C. 1et 3. A. someone B.nothing C. something 4. A. bad B. good C. 1ate 5. A. house B. shirt C. eyes 6. A. in B. above C. under 7. A. but B. or C. and 8. A. also B. never C. yet 9. A. smelt B. sounded C. became 10. A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t 运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。 短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过一到两遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现，比如2空填do，3空填something或food，5空填home或house或his factory，7空填and等等。 [注] 此时不要急于确定答案! (Keys：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B) 二、妙招二重视首句获信息 重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。 At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. Last year we went to an old people’s 1 and sang songs and performed a play for 2 . The old people were very 3 . We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. For example, we should 4 primary schools and help 5 young students. I want to be a teacher 6 I’m older so it would be a great experience for me. Other students would like to do other jobs. For example, my friend Tian Ge wants to 7 for a newspaper. She should be allowed to volunteer at the newspaper office once a week. 1. A. home B. bank C. shop D. river 2. A. us B. them C. him D. her 3. A. great B. angry C. smart D. happy 4. A. buy B. have C. visit D. build 5. A. tell B. ask C. teach D. find 6. A. how B. when C. where D. why 7. A. write B. wait C. look D. pay 首句At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others.有提纲挈领之效，简明扼要地提示我们，作者的学校有一个特殊的日子，那就是帮助别人献爱心的日子。有助于我们理解全文。甚至让我们毫不犹豫地确认1空应添单词home. (Keys：1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A) 三、妙招三全面考虑定选项 整体理解短文、把握中心并根据文中线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)由易到难地做出选择。 [注] 不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现。 Shirley Yeats is certainly a very brave woman! At the age of sixty-seven, she 1 to take a trip round the coast(海岸) of Malaysia. Everything was fine 2 one day, as she was going back to her room on the 3 , she saw smoke coming out of another room. She 4 the captain from her room at once and told him about the fire. Then she went up on deck(甲板) to see 5 she could do to help. The fire spread(蔓延) very quickly and soon 6 was completely out of control. The captain decided to get all the passengers out as 7 as possible. 1. A. stopped B. usedC. had D. decided 2. A. since B. afterC. until D. before 3. A. way B. shipC. land D. road 4. A. phoned B. toldC. asked D. ordered 5. A. if B. howC. what D. where 6. A. she B. heC. that D. it 7. A. quickly B. muchC. well D. usually 1.由上下文可知她决定去旅游，decided to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 2.根据下文可知直到火灾发生的那一天情况一切正常。 3.从下文的captain, deck,可确定她是乘船去旅游。 4.由下文的from her room可知她马上打电话将情况告诉了船长。 5.根据上下文可知她走上甲板去看看能不能帮忙做点儿什么。 6.由上文的The fire spread very quickly,可知大火无法控制了。 7. as quickly as意为“尽快地” (Keys： 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C6. D 7. A) 四、妙招四复读全文验答案 把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。 [注] 很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是： 顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。 瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。 顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。 认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。 猜想试题 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk, but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he has a problem when you saw him 2 . Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play, and Joey would jump and ran and play, 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn’t know. In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others, 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn’t know. He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 , so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay,” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later, the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn’t do it … so he didn’t know. He just 15 it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk 3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet 5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 8. A. neighborhood B. familyC. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tiredC. pleased D. worried 10. A. think about B. hear fromC. agree with D. look for 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already 12. A. riding B. walkingC. playing D. running 13. A. jumpers B. runnersC. doctors D. teachers 14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found 15. A. did B. had C. left D. took (Keys：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D)