人才的发展和培训英语

cultivate/bring up people

talent cultivation

这是中文： 在目前的英语教学中, 英语写作训练相对薄弱,学生写作水平不高,而且很多人惧怕写作,存在着“学生说到写作心烦,教师见到学生的习作头痛”的现象.学生在英语写作中主要存在无话可写、用汉语思维方式写作、语法错误百出等等问题.因此教师必须针对性地加强训练,有意识地让学生逐步接受英语表达的思维方式,久而久之学生才能提高对英语语言要素综合应用的能力,写出比较地道的英语.那么如何培养学生英语写作能力呢? 一、 打好词汇量基础,理顺语法句型结构 词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素,要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想,必须以足够的词汇量为基础,但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求,因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想.出现的问题往往有拼写错误,影响理解；词语误用,表达不准确；某一词语反复使用,语言表达缺乏变式,文章显得单调乏味；文章中出现大量“造词”,让人看了啼笑皆非等.显然词汇量不足已成为制约学生写作的瓶颈.而语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素.学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的,学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜,Chinese English现象更是不乏其中,所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题.相对来说英语词汇的熟练掌握更为重要,因为它是写作的基本构成单位.这里虽不作重点强调,但笔者认为不仅对于英语写作,还是对于英语学习的其它几种技能,词汇的学习是最基础的、最根本的、也是最重要的. 二、 遵循由易到难,循序渐进的原则 英语写作能力并非一蹴而就的,它必须遵循先易后难,先短后长,先学会简单句、并列句,后学会用复合句表达,先写正确句子逐步过渡到围绕一个人、一件事、一个观点去写有中心的文章；由不限定时间到限定时间,由限定时间长到限定时间短,由限定字数少到多等这样的原则,脚踏实地,一环扣一环地进行,切不可为追求进度,而操之过急.如在学生已经熟练掌握There be句型,也能组句成链后,再进入较复杂的句型训练.如：例句：I’d like to do sth … 我想做某事 学生会写： I’d like to say something about my family I’d like you to meet my friends 等.例句：I don’t think … 我认为（相信）…不… 学生会写：I don’t think the shop opens in the evening I don’t think the bridge will fall down 等. 在学生已初步具备写句的能力后,可安排一些语境小段描写.如以 “My family” 为例： There are three members in my family: my father ,my mother and I My father is an engineer My mother is a shop assistant I am a student of Sanxing Middle SchoolMy parents are busy all day I often help them with the housework They love me deeply I love them , too 往后逐步要求学生写出含有一般过去时、一般将来时、现在或过去进行时、现在完成时等形式的句子.例：Yesterday I t to call on my teacher He was preparing his lesson He told me that he began to teach English in 1990 He said he would help me with my English Up till now he has taught English for ten years 与此同时重视抓好基本功训练,严格要求学生正确、端正、熟练地书写字母、单词和句子,注意大小写和标点符号.当然需要注意的是学生最初写作时,教师要给予必要的指导,使他们少犯错误,千万不能讽刺挖苦或嘲笑学生.教师对学生的要求不能一刀切,对学习好的要求要高,对学习差的要适当低一些.要避免有些学生轻而易举唾手可得,而有些学生又渴望不可及的情况发生. 三、以范例引路,加强写作技巧的指导 模仿范例在英语写作教学中,是一种最基本而且十分有效的写作训练形式.因为任何语言学习都需要模仿,语言是"约定俗成"的,要使用某种语言就得"入乡随俗",服从这种语言习惯.英语写作也需要模仿,即使有了词汇、语法等基本语言材料,也还要模仿英语的语言习惯,模仿用英语写作的方法和技巧.模仿范例能直接提高学生谋篇布局和衔接上下文的能力.模仿写作最主要的就是模仿思路.英语写作和中文写作一样,记叙文要有贯穿全篇的线索, 以使事件或故事发生、发展的脉络清楚；描写文要有合理的逻辑顺序,其展开的顺序要符合认识规律,反映由具体到抽象、由浅到深的思维过程；说明文要选择合适的角度,按照一定的时间或空间顺序来说明事物.对于各类范文的特点需要教师在平时多与学生作认真分析,并加强训练. 模仿范例可以从以下方面入手：刚开始训练时,教师可与学生同时撰写短文,规定时间一到,学生停笔先听教师读范文,然后由学生比较自己的作业,可初步衡量出自己的答题的准确度,找出差距,及时查出作业中的毛病.有了一定的基础后,教师可不提供范例,而让学生自改互改作业,相互交流.若有争议的问题,可当场请教老师,对共同性错误,尤其是语言、文化性错误,通过老师的讲评,能给学生留下深刻印象；对拼写、结构等低级错误,可以采用学生互动原则修改；对于措辞表达不当问题,则应采取个别与集中相结合的方法指导学生修改. 需要特别指出的是教师在指导模仿范例写作时,要充分利用好英语课文,因为在每单元里,几乎都有一篇较长的文章,且体裁广泛、内容涉及面广,难易程度适中,非常适合学生复述.可以让学生在复述课文的基础上,再用笔头的形式加以落实,即把文章内容写下来.为了减轻学生作业负担,或全文或写一段,或一情节,或加以自己的观点和评论,有可能的话,再续写文章,发挥学生的想象,培养他们的创造力.当然,也可以采用改写、缩写、写中心思想等形式；或让学生做一些语句排序、填空练习或解答问题,再用适当的词句把这些答案重新组合起来就是一个有意义、有内容的故事.这些练习充分挖掘了课文的潜力,既训练学生的写作,又巩固已学的课本知识,加深对课文的理解,并有助于学生用英语思维考虑问题. 另外要使文章言之有物、有血有肉,需要提请学生一些优秀的句、段或篇的积累,经常翻阅或背诵,并多加模仿运用,使优美的词、各种表达方式、写作技巧烂熟于心.同时也要善于运用平时所学知识,如从句、非谓语动词和比较等句式,关键时刻用上一两个,就会起到鹤立鸡群的效果,使文章增色不少；对高级词汇的使用也可以显示出文章的文采.如very important较平常,但用 essential 就显得高出一筹；helpful 用 of great help,finally 用 eventually 等.关联词如 not…but, the more…the more, not only…but also 等的使用,会使文章逻辑结构紧密,层次鲜明,条理清楚,就更加显示出你的英文功底. 四、讲究教学方法,注重听、说、读能力的同步发展 写作是一种语言输出形式,只有语言输入大于语言输出,语言输出才有可能.英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一,是与英语的听说读是不可分割的,它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体,必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展.比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前训练”：在上正课前五分钟里,要学生用英语要么讲述一个故事；要么课前朗读一篇短小精悍的文章,让大家课后模仿；要么就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言；要么让学生自立主题,围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话.这种课前训练取得了很好的效果.此外我还在班级开辟英语角,利用黑板报的阵地,开辟了佳作欣赏：Special report；Quick-wittedness；Shanghai Star等,经常组织学生收听英语广播,收看英文版影片等,多渠道地创设英语环境,给同学们的课前演讲及片段写作提供大量的信息.这里尤为需要重视的是要千方百计鼓励学生开展课外阅读.美国作家舒伯特指出:“Reading is writing”阅读能够促进写作,因为对学生而言,他们对生活的体验、对人生的认识大多是从书本上获得,从大量的阅读中获取的,阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想,也能帮助他们积累语言素材.“You ought to read very carefully Not only very carefully,but also aloud,and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were your own” 这就清楚地说明了熟读成诵对写作是多么重要.所以要想写出好文章,就必须大量读书,它是写作的基础. 五、重视课外练笔,在实践中不断提高 英语写作实践是英语写作理论转化为写作能力的"中介".英语写作要突出实践,正如学习游泳一样,写作的能力是练出来的.课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充,因为课堂时间有限,仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的.作文不是"学"出来的,而是"写"出来的.学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能,而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善.此外,学生的英语语言意识和英语思维能力的培养也需要大量的练习.可见,课外练笔非常必要,应该给予重视.课外练笔的形式多种多样,可采用让学生写英语日记、写英语周记、写英语随笔、用英语写信等等,教师也可有意识地给学生提供一些尽量贴近生活的时尚话题,如奥运会、环境保护等,让学生在课外习作.由于英语写作中一个很突出的问题就是文章内容的贫乏,教师在布置写作任务之后,不妨先让学生开展讨论,让学生记下当时浮现于脑海中的所有内容,从描写、分析、联想等多个方面挖掘题材,并在讨论中相互切磋,彼此争论,开拓思路.学生在完成写作任务之后（包括课外练笔）,教师都应注重文章的评改工作,因为学生都喜欢教师能给其作文优点予以肯定,此愿望十分强烈.教师应尽量认真批阅每一位学生的习作,采用比较科学直观的评分标准,指出习作中的主要优缺点及改进方向.教师的鼓励及必要的引导,对学生写作积极性的维护和学生写作水平的提高非常重要.总之,重视课外练笔,努力扩大学生的生活面和知识面,开展多种形式的写作实践,学生的写作能力就一定会得到很大提高,并达到事半功倍的效果 这是英文： At present in English Teaching in china, English writing training is relatively weak, the students writing level is not high, but a lot of people are afraid of writing, there is a "student said writing upset, teachers see students headache" phenomenon. Students in English writing are nothing to write, writing, grammar mistakes in Chinese thinking mode and so on. Therefore, teachers must be to strengthen the training, consciously make students gradually accept the English way of thinking in the course of time, students can improve their comprehensive ability to use English language elements, write more idiomatic english. So how to foster the students ability of writing in English? A, To lay a good foundation to straighten out the grammar vocabulary, sentence structure Vocabulary is the basic element of English writing is essential, it is necessary to write an essay to express their thoughts, must take enough vocabulary as the foundation, but in fact most of the students master the vocabulary is not up to the requirements, so at the time of writing cannot freely express their ideas. Problems often have spelling errors, the impact of understanding; malapropism, expression is not accurate; a phrase used repeatedly, the lack of language expression variant, the article seems monotonous; the emergence of a large number of "word", let a person see make me on the spot. Clearly the lack of vocabulary has become a bottleneck restricting students' writing. The rules of grammar and sentence patterns in English writing is another essential element involved. Students in English writing "mistake" and was mostly caused by a syntax error, it is often seen. Students in writing non-standard grammar, sentence structure confusion, unclear situation, Chinese The English phenomenon in which there is no lack, so the vocabulary and the grammar of English writing is the first problem to be solved. Relatively speaking proficiency in English vocabulary is more important, because it is the basic unit of writing. Although here is not emphasized, but the author thinks not only for English writing, or for some other skills of English learning, vocabulary learning is the most basic, most fundamental, is also the most important. Two, Follow from easy to difficult, the principle of gradual and orderly progress English writing ability is not accomplish at one stroke, it must follow from easy to difficult, from short to long, simple sentence, compound sentence, I will express in complex sentences, write the sentences to gradually transition to the surrounding a person, a thing, an idea to write a center article defined by not limited; time to time, by the time limit to limit the time is short, is defined by fewer words to stand on solid ground, this principle, ring by ring out, not as the pursuit of progress, and act with undue haste. If the students have mastered There Be sentence, also sentences into a chain, then into a complex sentence training. Such as: example: I 'd Like To Do Sth ... I want to do something. Students will write: I 'd Like To Say Something About My Family I 'd Like You To Meet My Friends Etc.. Example: I Don 't Think ... I think (believe)... No. Students will write: I Don 't Think 那个 Shop Opens In 那个 Evening I Don 't Think 那个 Bridge Will Fall Down Etc.. Preliminary already have the ability to write sentences in the student, can arrange some context short description. Such as "My Family" As an example: There Are Three Members In My Family: My Father , my Mother And I My Father Is An Engineer My Mother Is A Shop Assistant I Am A Student Of Sanxing Middle SchoolMy Parents Are Busy All Day I Often Help Them With 那个 Housework They Love Me Deeply I Love Them , Too Then gradually require students to write with the past tense, future, now or in the past is now completed, and other forms of sentence. Example: Yesterday I T To Call On My Teacher He Was Preparing His Lesson He Told Me That He Began To Teach English In 1990 He Said He Would Help Me With My English Up Till Now He Has Taught English For Ten Years At the same time pay attention to grasp the basic skills training, strict with students correct, correct, write letters, words and sentences skillfully, the letters and punctuation. Of course, need to pay attention to is the first writing students, teachers should give the necessary guidance, so that they make fewer mistakes, do not sarcasm or laugh at them. The teacher to student's requirements can not make it rigidly uniform, high to learn good requirements, to study difference due to the low number of. To be an easy job to avoid some of the students with extreme ease, and some students also to occur and can not be. Three, in order to illustrate with examples, strengthening the guidance of writing skills Imitating the example in the teaching of English writing, is one of the most fundamental and effective writing training form. Because learning any language imitation, language is the "Convention", to use a language to "do in Rome as Rome does.", the language habits of obedience. English writing also need to imitate, even with the vocabulary, grammar, language materials, but also to imitate English language habits, imitate the methods and skills of using English writing. Imitation paradigm can improve students' ability of layout and connection context. The main idea is to imitate the writing. English writing and Chinese writing, narrative have throughout the clues, In order to make the event or story, development venation clearly; the description text must be logical, the order to coly with the law of cognition, reflected from the concrete to the abstract, from shallow to deep 英文和中文是一个意思 望采纳!