英语冠词ppt

冠词的英语语法讲解

(一)冠词概述

冠词是限定词的一种，自己不能单独使用，只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a(an)，定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现，主要考查：(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a，an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。

(二)基础知识梳理

1．不定冠词a／an的用法

不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。

如：A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after next．a用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，如：a university student，a European country；an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前，如：an honest girl，an underground train．

现将不定冠词的.基本用法归纳如下：

1)首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：

Long long ago an old man lived in a small village．

2)表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前，相当于every。如：

ten metres a second，twice a week

3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前，使其具体化。如：

1 would like a drink．

It’s a great joy to live in Shanghai．

4)某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：have a good time，in a hurry，have a break，for a while，a pair of，have a look，with a smile，take an active part in．

2．定冠词the的用法

1)指第二次提到的人或物。如：

I have a dog and a cat．The dog is brown and the cat is yellow．

2)特指某人或某物。如：

The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher．

3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：

Would you mind turning down the radio，Jim? Your father is sleeping．

4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：

The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all．

5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：

The moon is far smaller than the earth．

6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：

the Nile，the Pacific Ocean，the Alps，the Oriental Pearl

7)用于表示方位的名词前。如：

Shanghai is in the east of China．

8)用在乐器名称的前面。如：

I practise the piano every day after school．

9)在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。如：

The sick and the old should be taken good care of．

10)用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如：

The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years．

11)在某些固定短语中，需用定冠词。如：

In the morning，the day after tomorrow，listen to the radio，at the moment，go to the beach，by the way．

3．不用冠词的情况

1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如：

We have Chinese，maths，and English every day．

2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如：

June l is Children’s Day．

It’s Saturday today．

It’s late spring now．

3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如：

That handbag is in her car．

I have several questions to ask．

4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：

Milk is white．(比较：The milk in the cup has gone bad．这里the表示特指。)

5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词，如：have supper，after breakfast，但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如：a big supper，a quick breakfast等。

6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。。如

What can I do for you，sir.

7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如：by motorcycle／air／train，at night，in trouble, go to church，put into jail等。

4．在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：

go to church(去做礼拜) go to the church(到那座教堂去)

in class(在上课时) in the class(在班级中)

in charge of(负责) in the charge of(由……负责)

in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里工作或参观)

at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌子旁)

take place(发生) take the place(代替)

in front of(在……的前面) in the front of(在……前部)

keep house(管理家务) keep the house(呆在家里)

英语定冠词  the

补充：

定冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。

英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词"the"（the Definite Article），另一种是不定冠词"an&a"（the Indefinite Article），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。

英语中定冠词就是the。

法语的名词之前一般都要有冠词。冠词表示名词的性和数，以及名词是泛指的还是确指的。冠词包括定冠词和不定冠词。不定冠词对应汉语的表述是“一个”、“一些”，定冠词对应的是“这个”“这些”。用法与英文冠词相同。

英语中，小小的冠词无处不在，如果你分不清如何使用不定冠词“a/an”及定冠词“the”1. 抽象名词表示一般概念，表示具体概念则不可省略1) Love is all you need.泛指爱的情感2) We are coming together across the nation to carry the Love of Jesus.指耶稣对人的具体的爱3) Happiness is contagious.泛指幸福4) Life is About Sharing the Happiness and Kindness指可以分享的具体幸福5) Crime is a growing problem in the inner cities.泛指犯罪行为6) Scenes of the Crime is a 2001 film directed by Dominique Forma and written by Daniel Golka, Amit Mehta, and Forma.指具体的某种犯罪2. 具象名词用其抽象意义时，如sea、town、office、market等，否则不可省略1) My uncle first went to sea at the age of 15.指成为水手，非指大海2) He used to spend several months at sea.指出航，非指大海3) I went to the sea/seaside to swim.指具体的海边4) What‘s on in town this weekend?指常住地，非指具体某个城镇5) Pat’s out of town until Tuesday.指常住地，非指具体某个城镇6) What‘s on in the town this weekend?指某个具体城镇，非指常住地7) This government has been in office for about a year now.指执政，非指具体的政府部门8) The opposition parties would dearly love to vote it out of office.指执政，非指具体的政府部门9) She didn’t get out of the office much before 7 o‘clock.指工作场所，非指职务3.具体名词用其抽象功能时，如church、school、college、university、class、camp、hospital、prison、court、mosque、temple、government、work、home、bed，指具体建筑、家具或增加描述内容时则不可省略。注意:上述hospital、government、university在美国英语里不省略冠词1) Sorry, you can’t talk to Annie. She‘s at school.她是学生，非指学校的场所2) I say much because it’s also clear that, if she was at the school, she was there because of her connection to the force.她在学校这个地方，但未必是学生3) Today her mother has gone to the school to meet the principal.指具体的学校，非指上学4) Rose is a student and she loves school.指读书，非指学校5) It‘s okay to hate school: There is nothing wrong with you.指读书，非指学校6) After graduating from high school he went to university.指高中及大学教育，非指具体学校;英国英语7) If you ask people why do they go to the university, specially if you ask that before they go, most of them will answer with one word: knowledge.指高等教育，非指学校;美国英语8) Representative delegation of the People’s Republic of China visited the University.指学校，非指大学教育9) Her mother is in hospital.她是病人，非指医院建筑;英国英语10) On arrival at the hospital you will be asked for your personal details.指医院建筑，英美同11) He will be in prison for five years.他是犯人，非指监狱建筑12) The aging dissident was released from prison.他是犯人，非指监狱建筑13) The plumber went to the prison to fix the pipes.他不是犯人，强调监狱场所14) She stayed in bed on Sunday morning instead of going to church.她没有从事宗教活动，非指没去教堂那个场所15) He entered the church to photograph its interior.指教堂建筑16) The angry customer threatened to take him to court.顾客打官司，非指法庭建筑17) In the court he met an old friend.指法庭建筑18) What time are they leaving for temple指祷告或礼拜活动，非指寺庙建筑19)Peter and John went to the Temple one afternoon to take part in the three o‘clock prayer service.指寺庙建筑20) I don’t like going to work.泛指干活，非指具体行业或者单位