英语里的用法

一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词have, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。 eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily ______ ______ this new book ________. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。 eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children ______ _____ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句) Rose ______ ______ milk this morning. 二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。 A.一般疑问句：以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是：Be/Have /Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）＋主语＋谓语（包括表语）＋┄？回答常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。 eg. There's something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句） ______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句） ______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten？ 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句） ______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。 B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what ①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问） ______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in? ②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问） _______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。 I'm going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问） ______ _____ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。 eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） _____ _____ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。 eg. go by bike like very much9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. ______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）96中考题 ______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。 eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题 A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long14)对in＋一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。 eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） ______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 What's the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。 What's the weather like? 练习题 1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening. ______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening? 2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句） He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting. ______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问） ______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work? 4)I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问） _____ _____ you have to wash all the plates and things?5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问） ______ ______ is her mother? 6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问） _____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?思考题 1)The worker's visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） The worker _____ _____ the factory ______. ____ the worker ___ the factory __? 2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句） ___ of his parents ______ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问） _____ ____ ____ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问） What _____ you really enjoy ______?5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问） _______ ______ ______ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问） ______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school? 一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。 1、谓语动词是be动词,助动词have, has, will,情态动词can等时，只要直接在这些词后面加not就构成否定形式。 eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily ______ ______ this new book ________. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词do ，第三人称单数加does，一般过去时加did，再和not构成否定结构。必须指出的是：don't, doesn't, didn't后都用动词原形。 eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _____ _____ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句) The children ______ _____ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didn't drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句) Rose ______ ______ milk this morning. 二、疑问句：是用来提出问题的句子。 A.一般疑问句：以be动词, have /has/do等助动词、can/may等情态动词开头，以yes或no来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是：Be/Have /Has/Did等助动词（包括情态动词）＋主语＋谓语（包括表语）＋┄？回答常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是be动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。 eg. There's something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句） ______ _____ _______ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词Do、Does（三单）、Did（过去式）加上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句） ______ Edison ______ a science lab himself when he was ten？ 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句） ______ those Japanese ________ Chinese food?注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变，already要改成yet，some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称I、we改成第二人称you。 B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what ①The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问） ______ _____ the twins _____ when their mother came in? ②Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问） _______ ______ Mrs Turner ask her son ______ _______? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且必须和名词连用。 I'm going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问） ______ _____ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。 eg. Li Ping's coat→Whose coat my father→Whose father5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday等，疑问词用when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） _____ _____ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。 Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _______ _____ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us?8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。 eg. go by bike like very much9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheep→How many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. ______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 eg. I've worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）96中考题 ______ _____ _______ you worked in that factory?12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。 eg. ______ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. 96中考题 A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long14)对in＋一段时间提问，疑问词一般用How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours. （划线提问） _____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。 eg. It's about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） ______ _____ _____ _____ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 What's the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用was代替is。 What's the weather like? 练习题 1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） She ______ ______ exercises at home in the evening. ______ she _____ exercises at home in the evening? 2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句） He _____ ______ ______ important at the meeting. ______ he ______ ______ important at the meeting?3)It'll take them three weeks to finish the work.（划线提问） ______ ______ _______ it take them to finish the work? 4)I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问） _____ _____ you have to wash all the plates and things?5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问） ______ ______ is her mother? 6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问） _____ ____ ____ Li Ping _____ on the dictionary?思考题 1)The worker's visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） The worker _____ _____ the factory ______. ____ the worker ___ the factory __? 2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句） ___ of his parents ______ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问） _____ ____ ____ he go to the park? 4)We really enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问） What _____ you really enjoy ______?5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问） _______ ______ ______ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问） ______ ______ ______ our P.E teacher been at this school? 句型转换题是中考常见题型，它主要用来考查大家对句子结构的构成、变化的掌握及在行文中的运用等，类型繁多。现以近两年中考题为例，分类介绍如下： [第一类] 改成否定句 英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外，还有名词、代词的否定、部分否定、否定转移、以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。 一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时，在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加not就行了。如：（划线部分为正确答案，下同。） 1. He was late for school yesterday. （2005黑龙江省泰州市）He wasn’t late for school yesterday. 2. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already. （2004新疆）The students of No.2 Middle School haven’t gone for a picnic yet. 二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前加don’t。如： 3. Open the window. （2005江苏省）Don’t open the window. 三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t, didn’t等。如： 4. She does the housework every day. （2005黑龙江省哈尔滨市）She doesn’t do the housework every day. 5. He returned the book to the library this morning. （2004重庆市）He didn’t return the book to the library this morning. 注意：变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化，如some改为any, something改为anything, already改为yet, both改为neither, all改为none等。又如： 6. Both of them are my best friends. （2004甘肃省兰州市）Neither of them is my best friend. [第二类] 改为疑问句 可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 一、变一般疑问句时，含有连系动词、情态动词的句子，只需将它们移至句首，第一个字母变为大写，句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子，在实义动词前加do, does, did等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如： 7. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.（2005贵州省贵阳市）Is there anything to eat in the cupboard？ 8. Kate does morning exercises every day. （2004山东省济南市）Does Kate do morning exercises every day？ 9. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. （2005四川省成都市）Did Ann return the book to the library yesterday？ 二、变选择疑问句时，如果该句是一般疑问句，则在后面直接加“or＋另一选择部分”就行了；若是陈述句，则要先变成一般疑问句。如： 10. John is an American. （用a Canadian改为选择疑问句）（2004新疆）Is John an American or a Canadian？ 三、变反意疑问句时，要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”，还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如： 11. She has hardly had anything this morning, has she？（2005山东省泰安市） 12. You will meet your friends at the railway station, won’t you？（2004重庆） 13. She had nothing for breakfast, did she？（2005青海） 14. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, was there？（2004黑龙江省哈尔滨市）

一、of有以下几种用法：1.of表示“领属或所有关系”；2.表示“数量、分量”；3.表示“所有格或同位的关系”；4.表示“作者、行为者”等。二、for的用法1、表示“当作、作为”。2、表示理由或原因，意为“因为、由于”。3、表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“给……”、“对…… （而言）4、表示时间、距离，意为“计、达”。5、表示去向、目的，意为“向、往、取、买”等。6、表示所属关系或用途，意为“为、适于……的”。7、表示“支持、赞成”。8、用于一些固定搭配中。三、to用法1.做介词，表示“到，向，往”，如go to，fly to，后面跟名词作定语，构成介宾结构。2.动词不定式的标志，很常见的，如：want to do，be happy to do。3.其他的如to+do作定语等等基本都是以上两种用法的延伸四、with用法1. 表示方式、手段或工具等时（=以，用），注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配，如“用英语”习惯上用in English，而不是with English。2. 与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。3. 表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用

一、实词： 1.名词(nouns）n.： 名词是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词.名词可以独立成句.在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代.名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns）,专有名词是某个（些）人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等.普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如：book,sadness等. 2.代词（pronoun）pron.： 代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种. 3.数词（numeral）Num.： 表示“多少”和“第几”的词,叫数词.其用法相当于名词或者形容词.数词分为基数词和序数词两种. 4.形容词(adjective）adj.或a.； 很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种.主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征.形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否. 5.副词（adverb)adv.： 是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词.副词是一种半虚半实的词.副词可分为：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等. 6.动词（Verb）v.： 动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇.基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结. 二、虚词： 7.冠词（article) art.： 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义. 冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在.表示的主语数量或者特征. 8.介词（preposition）prep.： 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分.介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语.介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语.介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词. 9.连词（conjunction）conj： 连词是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用.连词主要可分为4类：并列连词.转折连词.选择连词和因果连词. 10.助词： 助词是附着在词,短语,句子的前面或后面,表示结构关系或某些附加意义的虚词.助词有结构助词,时态助词,语气助词三种. 11.叹词：（interjection）interj.： 叹词是语法学术语.表示感叹、呼唤、应答的词. 三、判断词： yes和no 四、其他： 1、动名词：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化. 2.、动词不定式：不定式定义：由to＋动词原形构成.不定式是一种非限定性动词.而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词.“动词不定式”由动词+不定时构成.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式. 3、分词：[participle]具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能