最好给个具体点的方向或者内容， 我给你找了个简单的。crystal 水晶A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is known as crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification.The process of forming a crystalline structure from a fluid or from materials dissolved in the fluid is often referred to as the crystallization process. In the old example referenced by the root meaning of the word crystal, water being cooled undergoes a phase change from liquid to solid beginning with small ice crystals that grow until they fuse, forming a polycrystalline structure. The physical properties of the ice depend on the size and arrangement of the individual crystals, or grains, and the same may be said of metals solidifying from a molten state.晶体是原子、离子或分子按照一定的周期性，在结晶过程中，在空间排列形成具有一定规则的几何外形的固体。用来制作工业用的晶体的技术之一，是从熔液中生长。种晶可用来促进单晶体的形成。在这个工序里，种晶降落到装有熔融物质的容器中。种晶周围的熔液冷却，它的分子就依附在种晶上。这些新的晶体分子承接种晶的取向，形成了一个大的单晶体。蓝宝石和红宝石的基本成分是氧化铝，它的熔点高，制成一个盛装它的熔液的容器是困难的。人工合成蓝宝石和红宝石是用维尔纳叶法（焰熔法）制成，即将氧化铝粉和少量上色用的钛、铁或铬粉，通过火焰下滴到种晶上。火焰将粉熔解，然后在种晶上重新结晶。
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