英语考试英语翻译

2015英语翻译考试英译汉必备技巧

英译汉技巧

一、英译汉翻译的基本程序

1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文，解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨，确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想，如原句的中心意思是什么，有没有褒贬义或寓意，对其中的修饰语的把握等。

2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。

3. 表达。 考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。

4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。

二、英汉翻译的基本方法

直译与意译

直译指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译;意译是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文做相应的调整。如：

Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work.

Good marriage doesn’t just happen. They take a lot of love and a lot of work.

直译： 好的婚姻不会仅仅发生—它们需要大量的'爱和大量的工作。

意译：幸福的婚姻不是凭空发生的---它需要你为它付出大量的爱和做大量的工作。

或：美满的婚姻不会从天上掉下来---你必须为它付出大量的爱，做大量的工作。

很显然，本句话的意译要比直译更符合汉语表达习惯。当然，一句话并不限于一种译法，要根据具体需要而定。一般来说，在英汉翻译考试中，如果直译能达意就用直译，如果直译效果不好，就应该考虑意译。只要译文内容忠实，意思明白就行了。

顺译法(又名句型对应法)

顾名思义，顺译法(句型对应法)就是按原文句子结构的排列顺序进行翻译，这种译法适合于原文叙述层次与汉语相近的长句翻译，如只含名词性从句的复合句、前置的状语从句或从句在后的长复合句等等。

As an obedient son, I had to accept my parents’ decision that I was to be a doctor ,though the prospect interested in me not at all.

作为一个孝顺的儿子，我不得不接收父母的决定，去当大夫，虽然我对这样的前途毫无兴趣。

3.倒译法

倒译法就是颠倒原文句子结构的排列顺序来进行翻译。

例1： The moon is completely empty of water because the gravity on the moon is much less than on the earth.

因为月球的引力比地球小的多，所以月球上根本没有水。

例2：The football students can be removed from the university if they fail to pass their examination.

作为足球运动员的学生如果考试不及格就要被开除。

4.分译法分译法，又称拆译法，也是一种基本的句法变通手段。从被分译成份的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从句的分译三种。

单词的分译即拆词，将难译的词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法常常引起句式上的调整，英译汉中要拆译的词常常是形容词和副词。如：

He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing his book, which the student are familiar with.

他花了很长时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要， 因为学生们对它已经很熟悉了。

They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。

短语的分译即将英语的某个短语单独拿出来译成一个独立成份、从句或并列句。如：

例1：We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.

我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。

例2：The professor entered the laboratory followed by his graduate students.

教授走进教室，后面跟着他的研究生。从句的分译则是根据译文需要打散句子，重新组织。英语的长句主要由主从复合句构成，结构严谨，只要明确其主从关系，就能正确分译。如：

He told me such experience as I had never heard of before.

他给我讲述了他的经历，那些经历是我以前从未听说过的。

He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.

他三岁丧父，所以记不起父亲了。

Strange enough they were the same age to the day. 合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意思或层次合并重组，如将两个分句合译为一个简单句，或两个简单句合译成一个复合句等， 使全句的结构更加紧凑，语气更加顺通。

There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.

从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。

说来也巧， 他俩年纪一样大， 而且还是同日的。

5.合译法

5.合译法

合译是将原文的两个或几个分开叙述的意思或层次合并重组，如将两个分句合译为一个简单句，或两个简单句合译成一个复合句等， 使全句的结构更加紧凑，语气更加顺通。

There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.

从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。

There are many people who want to see the film.

许多人要看这部电影。

The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.

10点30分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。

1.母亲出去工作了，所以父亲负责在家照看孩子。 The mother went out to work, so the father took responsibility for look after the children at home. 2. 研究表明吸烟与肺癌直接有关。 Research shows that smoking is directly related to lung cancer. 3. 父母应该关心孩子在学校的表现。 Parents should be concerned about their children’s performance at school 4. 你过分担心你的身体可能使你真的生病。 Your too much worry over your health may really make you sick. 5. 村长指出，由于人们从全国各地前来参观这棵树，它已经成了一个财源。 The head of the village pointed our that the tree had become a source of income, as tourists had been coming from all parts of the country to see it. 6. 妈妈说：巧克力可以吃，但每天只能吃一块。 Mother said : “chocolate is okay, but only if you have one bar a day.” 7. 为了膳食平衡，我们应该少吃像黄油这样的油腻食物。 We should take less greasy feed such as butter and eat as much fruit. 8. 她很小心，不会在开车时冒险。 She is very careful; she won’t take a risk when driving. 1. 那些酷爱足球的人可以享受到巨大的乐趣。 Those who have a passion for football can experience great enjoyment. 2. 除了青少年之外，其他年龄的男男女女也都喜欢登山。 In addition to teenagers, males and females of other ages also enjoy mountaineering. 3. 他的学生们对他十分尊敬。 His students looked upon him with respect. 4. 邀请来给我们做演讲的是史密斯博士。 It was Pr.smith that who was invited to give us a lecture. 5. 比起普通邮件，电子邮件的优点之一是速度快。 One of the advantages of e-mail over regular mail is that it is fast. 6. 只有具有健康的身体，我们才能学习好，工作好。 Only with good health, can we study well and work well. 7. 如果你将tom和其他同学相比，你会发现他即会用功，又懂得休息。 If you compare Tom with his classmates, you will find he works hard and knows how to relax. 8. 我清楚的记得一切，就好像昨天发生过的一样。 I remember the whole thing clearly as if it happened yesterday. 1. 我认为那部电影是我所看过的最糟糕的电影之一。 I regard that movie as one of the worst I’ve ever seen. 2. 新的五年计划还在各个领域得到贯彻和实行。 The new five-year-plan is being carried out in all fields. 3. 他虽然做了各种努力，但最终还是失败了。 In spite of all his efforts, he failed in the end. 4. 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。 When advisable opportunities come alone, he can catch. 5. 那颗行星是以它的发现者命名的。 The planet was named after its discoverer. 6. 建造这座房子花了他们一年的时间。 It took them one year to build the house. 7. 我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的。 I’m sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 8. 我们决定一劳永逸地解决这个问题。 We have decided to settle the mater once and for all. 1. 弟弟通过了那所著名大学的入学考试，我很高兴。 I feel very happy that my young brother has passed the entrance examination. 2. 他们俩的爱情是从那次莫名其妙的吵架开始的。 The love affair between the two began with that strange quarrel. 3. 就像我们所预料的那样，他们在对SARS病因的研究上取得很大成就。 As we expect, they have made great progress in their research on the causes of SARS. 4. 他演讲的时候做很多手势。 He accompanied his speech with a lot of gestures. 5. 迄今为止，已经有了很多关于破坏环境是否违法的讨论。 So far, there has been a lot of discussion on whether destroying the environment is against law. 6. 他气喘吁吁的从办公室跑出来，乘出租车赶往市图书馆。 Gasp ring for breath, he ran out of the office and took a taxi to the city library. 7. 我觉得你不必为公司当前的困难犯愁。 I don’t think you should worry about your company’s current troubles.

mpty? That the efforts of men and women are of no significance alongside the force of

考试用英语是examination。

读音：英 [ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn]  美 [ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn]

短语

physical examination [医] 体格检查 ; 体检 ; 健检室

final examination期末考试 ; 期末考 ; 期终考试 ; 最后考试

imperial examination 科举考试的科目或等第 ; 科举制

例句：

1、Your proposals are still under examination.

你的提议仍在审查之中。

2、You will need to have a routine biannual examination.

你需要做一年两次的常规检查。