论文写作的英文

据学术堂了解，大多数作者撰写英文SCI论文时采用的是汉英笔译方式。这些作者需要从汉语思维和汉语表达转换到英语思维和英语表达，再根据SCI期刊的要求对译文进行编辑，才能写出比较地道的英文论文。有人将这样的科技论文英语写作过程称为“译写”，可谓恰如其分。但是，许多作者不了解汉英翻译的全过程，将汉语原文直接转换成字面对应的英文，然后进入文本编辑程序，结果写出不规范的英文，没有表达出作者真实的思想，其他国家的读者也无法理解作者的意思。这种不合格的英文主要表现为“中式英语”(Chinglish)句式和“假朋友式”(false friends，源自法文fauxamis)的英语用词。例1.原句：In vivo，allthese peptides could elicit antibody response，especially DTC showed most highly elicit ability， even similar to HCLV Vaccine.该句的汉语大意为：在体内，所有这些多肽都可以诱导出抗体应答，尤其是DTC表现出最强的诱导能力，甚至类似于HCLV疫苗的诱导能力。汉语表达对于国人不难理解，而英语如此对应表达，就难为了那些只能通过地道的英语来理解作者意思的读者。这句英文从“especially”往后，除了出现严重的句法结构错误以外，还有词语使用错误。根据文中的介绍，pTC的诱导能力强，是一个以“量”为概念的能力，用“capability”比用“ability”表达更合适。“类似于HCLV疫苗”与“similar to HCLV Vaccine”显然是一对“假朋友”，而“similar to that of HCLV Vaccine”才是那个汉语短语所表达的意思。因此，上句英文应该写为：修改句：In vivo，allthese peptides elicited antibody response，with DTC showing the greatest elicitingcapability-similar to that of HCLV vaccine.这样的英文既表达了汉语的原意，又能让英语读者正确理解，而且觉得语言纯正。例2原句：The detail RT-PCR procedure as mentionedabove.这是论文“材料与方法”部分里的一句。其中文意思是，检测RT-PCR详细程序如上所述。这个英文句子就是对汉语句子的“死译”，作者如果熟悉SCI期刊里常用的英文表述，应该按照其真实情况写成如下英文：修改句：The detecting of RT-PCR was performedas described in 2.1.例3.原句：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet occur to changeduring germination.下划线部分一看就是从中文字面上“死译”过来的英语表达，将“发生变化”译成“occur to change”。修改句：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet change during germination .或者更具体一些：Phytic acid and mineral contents infoxtail millet increaseduring germination.

英语论文写作的重要性，做科研的小伙伴们肯定深有体会。Publish or Perish, 要想在科研界混，没有几篇拿得出手的SCI，还怎么愉快的在小伙伴们面前装X, 还怎么在标书课题申请的时候拿来装点门面。很多科研小伙伴，做起实验如鱼得水，潇洒自如，但对英文写作望而生畏，苦于入门难，写成难，想写好更难。 在基础科研中，要想文章写得准确清晰，首先要对自己研究术语表达和内涵要清楚，为了增加文章的多样化表达，对应常用专业术语的各种同义词表述要做一个整理。其次要掌握英语论文写作的高频词汇，比如逻辑连接词、程度副词、动词、上义词和下义词的指代等等。 (一)  常用的逻辑连接词使用： 逻辑连接词的作用就是把一个个的论点论据串起来，是文章逻辑最直观的体现。 1.  并列递进： moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally 2.  转折 :   not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of, rather than, instead of, unfortunately 3.  解释 :   in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms 4.  对比比较 :   likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas 5.  原因 :   because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason 6.  结果： therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence 7.  举例 :  for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ... for example, to illustrate, to name a few 8.  总结 :   overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly 9.  强调 :   surprisingly, interestingly, intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently, in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly, notably, specifically, particularly, especially, firstly, ... secondly, ... finally, ...; first, ... then ... etc. 10.  让步 :   although, after all, in spite of ..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that 11.  可能 :   presumably, probably, perhaps ( 二 )  一些词组的使用： 1.  “不知道”的那些表述方式 virtually/largely unknown, elusive, unclear, much less explored, surprisingly limited, less understood, unsolved, scarcely understood 2.  研究某些新材料、新技术等，从哪些方面夸研究成果 reliability and validity, robust and fundamental, efficiency and specificity, cost-effectiveness (price), the simplicity of the protocols, the amount of labor required, equipment requirement, necessary or sufficient 3.  引用别人文献中的论点论据时，如何表述“别人说” clearly/obviously demonstrate, reveal, illustrate, prove, show, report, implicate, confirm, describe 4.  引述别人的工作时，别人如何“做” (“执行动词”的n种表示方法) examine, perform, carry out, observe, compare, investigate, indicate, show, manipulate, test, establish, identify, detect, stimulate, analyze, assess, suggest, propose, speculate, determine, find, apply, purify, construct a model, devised a protocol, calculate, categorize, conduct, imply, measure 5.  “方式方法”的“效应”评价 plays a central/pivotal/vital key/essential role, a powerful regulator, a key molecular determinant, a well-accepted model, influence, affect, rescue, reverse, lead to, contribute to, attribute to, ascribe to, drop, reduce, increasing, attenuate, ameliorate, improve, mount, accumulate 6.  溯古论今的“时间表述词” recently, most recently, at the same time/period, since then, for several decades 7.  重大影响的描述，如何夸“成果” pushing the boundariesrecent/enormous advance, progress, knowledge, historic, perspectives, new/novel insights, seminal discovery, an emerging theme, major/important findings, a better understanding 写好的英文初稿反复修改过几遍后，如果还不是非常满意，或者投稿后期刊要求语言润色，可以联系专业的公司，比如我们，进行母语化润色！

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