八下仁爱英语书130

费了好长时间总结的希望加分八年级下 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1.invent sb to do sth 2.go to the movies 3 at my house 4.prepare sth for sb 5. say thanks to sb 6. a little / bit tired 7.a ticket to/ for sth 8.be proud of 9.be pleased with 10.taste delicious / smell terrible / sound good / seem worried 11.set the table 12.be able to 13.have a temperature 14.sing lively songs 15.perform short play 16.cheep sb up 17.please sb 18.be on 19.in the end 20.be with each other 21.on the ship called Titannic 22 on the way to sp 23 fall into 24 lose each other 25 a moving story 26 at first 26 live happily together 27 go mad 28 come into being 29 look for sth everything ( here and there ) 30 main points 31 express Chinese culture 32 facial paintings 33 be popular with 34 do badly in 35 make peace with sb 36 feel lonely 37 be strict with sb 39 have a talk with sb 40fail the exam =fail to pass the exam = can’t pass the exam 40 tell sb jokes 41 some bad experiences 42 at your age 43 in one’s teens 44 sth happen to sb 45 listen to soft music 46 be excited to do sth 47 be /get used to (doing ) sth 49 …as ad j/adv as…. ← ..not as /so……as …. 50.what’s more 51.give sb advice 52.in public 53.be ready to do sth 54.make faces 55.clap their hands 56.after all 5 7.for example 58.solve these problems 59.his elder brother 60.in an accident 61.refuse to do sth 62.even though 63.after a few months = a few month later 64.by oneself 65.agree to do sth calm down 66.take bitter medicine 67.at the end of the month 68.take turns to do sth 69.study by oneself 70 affect our feelings 71.be in a good/bad mood 72.smile at life 73.give a surprise to sb 74.put on a short play 75.let sb （not）do sth 76.on the way home 77.get along well with =get on well with 78.give a speech 79.fall asleep 80.some day 81.in suburbs 82.unhappy thoughts 83.try out 84.feel one’s best 85.many things around us 86.in good/high /low spirits 87.look forward to doing 88.go on a two- day visit 89.decide on sth 90.total time=in total 91.raise money 92.see the sunrise /sunset 93.book train tickets 94.have tickets at ( 价格) 95. pay money for sth 96.make a room reservation 97.a standard room with two single beds 98 work out 99.cost so much 100.after a day of selling tickets 101.greet sb 102.carry the students books 103. serve a special lunch 1 04.get to the top of Mount FuJi 105.enjoy the night scene 106.as soon as 107.receive sth 108.be on vacation 109.be satisfied with everything 110.be surprise at sth 111. walk though the passage 112.be hurt 113.at Kang kang’s 114.come along with sb 115.go calming 116.mark the beginning of 117.on both sides of the way 118.at the back 119.make sure to do/of/that 120.two and a half hours = two hours and a half 121.tell good from bad 212.look for space to park bikes 123.take out 124.No photos here 125.in all directions 126.push his way out 127.out of sight 128.besides the roads 129.raise one’s head 130.jump up 131.step on sth 132.be kind to sb 133.get on 134.climb up 135.save energy 135.spit everywhere 136.bring us sadness and death 37. avoid doing sth 138.slow down 139.run into 140.break traffic rulers 141.get a fine 1 42.warn sb to do 143.Red means stop 144.drive on the left—hand side of road 155.cause trouble 156.one of the top cyclists 147. his way to success 148.a serious pain in 149.make a comeback 150.lead sb to do 151.going on doing sth 1 52.ride into history 153.break the record 154.go through 155.keep one’s mind 156.look out 157.perfer for sb 158.happen to do 159 raise money 160organize /have a food festival 161 turn to sb= ask sb for help 162 make a poster 163 chat with sb 164 get more information 165 make green tea 166 have a sweet tooth 166 make a lot of money =earn … 167 decide to do sth 168 in order to do sth 169 win a gold medal 170 a few school supplies 171 get wet 172 make fried rice 173 some cooked meat 174 cut up 175 fill the bowls of 70%--- 80% full 176 be tried of 177 cut sth into …. 178 pour sth over the pear 179 cut / break /tear … in half 180 add sth to sth 181 western table manners 182 at the table 183 put it on your lap 184 begin /start with 185 eat up 186 smile a lot 187 drink to sb 188 take only a sip 189 drink too much 190 during a meal 191 finish doing sth 192 in the southern part of China 193 two or more courses 194 be far away from 195 use sth to do / for doing sth 196 pick up 197 at the same time 198 on sale 199 satisfy sb 200 on / over the phone =by phone 201 order a meal 202 keep a balanced diet 203 not only … but also … 204 Not all student 205 in groups 206 afford sth / to do sth Men’s Wear Section 207 natural materials 208 a woolen dress 209 pay money for sth on special days 230 depend on 231on birthdays 232 at Christmas 233 the same …as 234 catch one’s eye 235 Iron it 236 on low heat 237 dry –clean it 238 design our own uniforms 239 protect …from … 240 allow sb to do shth/ allow doing sth 241 make a survey 242 what materials 243 hide in the forest 244 at the airport 245 get help 246 some … others … 247 make people appear special 248 a clothing store 249 take /follow sb’s advice 250 the art of dressing 251 advise sb to do sth / advise doing sth 252 in the world of high fashion 253 as for … 254 be known to sb 255 from then on 56 design ..as 257 the wearer’s personal style 258 In the past 259 at one time 260 know about sb 261 get/ have/pay the pill 262 263 be worth doing sth / money get its name II重要句型 1.There was none left 2.I feel disappointed because I can’t get a ticket to The Sound of Music 3.That’s too bad 4.I’m sure Mr. Lee will be surprised 5. .one of the most popular American movies 6..The father become angry because of the noisy children 7..It’s full of famous stories 8..What did Maria go to the Von Trapp family for She went to care for seven children what……for=why 9..Beijing Opera is our national opera with around 200 years of history 10.The story end with happiness 11.I hope everything goes well 12.Michael isn’t able to come 13.How are you doing 14.Anything wrong 15.I’m sorry to hear that 16.What seems to be the problem 17.She has no friends to talk with 18.Thank you for telling me 19.I’m sorry to see that you are unhappy these days 20 .I doesn’t matter if you…… 21.take it easy 22.Good luck 23.How are you feeling today? 24.I don’t know how to talk with others 25.There, there ,It’ll be ok 26.Would you please (not )do sth 27.It’s normal to feel sad 27. How time flies 28.How I wish to stay with you 29.Her face turned red 30 How does Jeff deal with his sadness? .what…. do with sth ? 31 .It was useless to be angry 32 He doesn’t hate the drive any longer 33.He didn’t do anything but sit in his bed room 34.my eyes full of tears 35.Get back to your daily activities bring back a sense of happiness 36.It’s too far for cycling 37.There are other vehicles for us to choose from 38.sth cost money / 人spend ….(in).doing sth 39.Would you help me plan a trip? 40. Could/Can you….? Yes of course Sorry, I have no time 41 进行+ when+一般过去 进行 + while + 进行时 (延续性动词) 42.Spread over an area of 40km 43 .the crowd people become larger and larger 44.The traffic is crazy /heave/busy 45.It seem impossible to beat him. 46 It’s certain that 47 The race covers 2000 miles know more / a lot/ a little / nothing / something about sb /sth 48 May I invite you to our food festival ? 49 I’ll send you an e-mail later on ,OK? 50 I think money must be a problem for him 51 First … next … then … that …. Finally … 52 Could you tell me if ….. 53 There is no need for knives 54 If go to a formal western dinner party for the first time It’s polite to follow them 555The more regularly we eat , the healthier we are 56 My feet hurt 57 officials dress in their best uniforms 58 they look important 59 I hope your business goes well 60 People call it a Cheongsam 61 Here come another three models 62 That’s really cool 63 Today ,people can design the Tang costume as either formal or casual clothes 64 there are 55 minorities in China III交际用语 2.Are you going to see Beijing Opera 3.It’s so funny and interesting 4.It’s so moving 5.Everything will be fun 6.Please give my best wishes to your parents 7.I hope so /I hope not 8.How long have you felt like this 9.I hate to go the hospital 10.Don’t be afraid be brave 11.That’s very nice of you 12.Good night 13.I’m sorry about your illness but it can’t be SARS 14.Follow the doctor’s advice and you will get soon 15.May I have SARS 16.I’m drying 17.I’m so glad you come 18.Let Jim play instead 19.I’m very happy for Michael 20.The full moon hang in the sky 21.The sun shines brightly 22.How wonderful 23.Let’s find some information about the cost 24.My pleasure 25.have a good trip 26.May I have your telephone number please? 27.Some schools come up with great ideas such as….. 28.I’m looking for to hearing from you /make a contribute to doing sth be used to doing sth pay attention to 29.I have some exciting news to tell you 30.Have a good /wonderful /great time 31.you bet 32.It’s wound be fun 33.By the way ，how far is it from here 34.Don’t push 35.It’s on the north of Hubei 36.How nice to see you 37.His heart is beating fast 38.There you are 39.thank goodness 40.there is a sharp turn to the left 41. Is that so ? 42.When I first arrive I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere 43.It’s impossible to finish so much work in an hour 44.To avoid hutting the truck he ran into the wall and his arm was badly hurt 45.That’s a good idea 46.That’s good enough 47.Uncle Yang is teaching English in a high school 48.It’s a great pity 49.You must come to our food festival 49.hold on please 50.I’m please to hear that 51.How surprising 52.Keep on good work 53.Let’s make his dream come true 54.Would you mind if I learn to make it from you 55.Well done 56.Remember not to drink too much 57.of course not 58.Cooking is fun Let’s wish them success 59.Here is your change 60.May I have the bill 61.Here it is 6 4 How much would you like? 62.Just a little please 63.The result is worth the effort 64.Here is a table for two 65.Is it ok with you 66.Here is the menu What did you make for sth 68. It’s said that…… 69.Could we meet at school gate at 8 am. 70.Could you tell me where to buy the scarf ? 71.Do you have time tomorrow 72.What size do you wear 73.You are what you wear 74.As the saying goes 75.I don’t like uniform they will look ugly on us 76.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform 77.I’m so sorry 78.It’s true that uniform can show school discipline 82.It’s important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion 83.It’s necessary for us to wear sports shoes on the playground 84.Uniforms have many uses in our lives 语法项目 1 句子成分 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 主语：名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的 Helping animals is to help people 谓语：说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”He travelled in space for the first time 宾语：表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。 He often gives me sme help. 2 形容词与副词比较级 主语+谓语+ 形容词/ 副词比较级+than+ 对比成分 主语+谓语+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句 主语+谓语+ +副词最高级+ +表示范围的短语或从句 比较和倍数的表达方法 （1）“……倍数＋as＋adj．／adv．（原级）＋ as……”,在两个as之间可用many（修饰可数名词），much（修饰不可数名词）和其它相应的词。 （2）“……倍数＋adj．／adv．（比较级）＋than……” 3 状语从句：位置可以在主句前或主句后。 状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。 A：时间通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导 注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. B：地点通常由 where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里 C: 原因句通常由because, since, as等引导。 如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. D:目的通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that... 等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。 如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。) E:结果通常由 so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾 结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。 如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. F：比较通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) G：让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。 2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。 4 动词不定式 动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。 它的否定形式只要在“to” 前面加上“not”。 它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。 except与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。 如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)/ Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一) 词组

1 invite v. 邀请 2 say thanks to 向...道谢 3 upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴; v. 颠覆,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 4 silly a. 愚蠢的 5 worried a. 担心的,烦恼的 6 smile n. 微笑,喜色; v. 微笑,喜色 7 opera n. 歌剧 8 Beijing Opera 京剧 9 none ad. 一点也不; prep. 没人,毫无; pron. 没有人,没有任何东西 10 disappointed a. 失望的 11 unhappy a. 不快乐的,不幸的,不适当的 12 unpopular a. 不受欢迎的 13 rich a. 富有的,浓厚的,贵重的 14 moving vbl. 移动 15 proud a. 骄傲的,自豪的 16 be proud of 以…自豪(高兴) 17 taste n. 味道,品味,味觉; v. 尝,体会 18 smell n. 味道,气味,嗅; v. 闻,探出,发臭 19 set n. 组合,集合,设定; n.一套,一副; v. 放置,设定; v.(太阳)落下去 20 set the table 在桌子上摆设餐具(准备吃饭) 21 able a. 能干的,有能力的 22 be able to 能；会 23 surprised a. 感到惊讶的; vbl. 感到惊讶 24 Austria n. 奥地利 25 lively 活泼的, 活跃的, 栩栩如生的, 真实的 26 play n. 游戏,游玩,剧本,比赛; v. 玩,进行比赛,演奏,播放 27 Cheer up 振作起来!提起精神! 28 mad a. 发疯的 29 at first 起先 30 please v. 取悦,请 31 in the end 最后，终于 32 frightened a. 受惊的, 受恐吓的 33 titanic n. 泰坦尼克（船名） 34 America n. 美国,美洲 35 fall into 落入，陷入 36 everywhere ad. 到处,无论何处 37 come into being 开始形成，产生 38 main a. 主要的; n. 主要部分,干线 39 role n. 角色 40 express n. 快车,快递,专使; a. 急速的,明确的; v. 表达,表示 41 culture n. 文化,教养,种植 42 facial a. 面部的 43 gesture n. 手势,姿态; v. 作手势,作姿态 44 peace n. 和平 45 make peace with 与…讲和，言归于好 46 thankful a. 感谢的 47 badly ad. 严重地,恶劣地,极度地 48 shy a. 害羞的; vi. 惊退,畏缩 49 strict a. 严格的,精确的 50 be strict with 对…要求严格 51 e-card 电子卡片 52 take it easy 从容，轻松，不紧张 53 fail v. 失败,不及格,辜负,缺少 54 feeling n. 感觉,知觉,感情 55 experience n. 经历,经验; v. 经历,体验 56 suggestion n. 建议 57 in one's teens 在某人十几岁时 58 such a. 如此的,这样的 59 normal a. 正常的,正规的; n. 正常状态 60 soft a. 软的 61 hotline n. 热线 62 unfair a. 不公平的 63 stranger n. 陌生人 64 advice n. 忠告,劝告 65 be used to 习惯于... 66 as... as 与...一样 67 hometown n. 家乡 68 accept vt.接受,同意,承担(责任等) 69 carefully ad. 小心地,仔细地 70 in public 当众；公开地 71 asleep a. 睡熟了的,麻木的; ad. 熟睡地 72 fall asleep 睡着；入睡 73 clap n. 拍手,拍手声; v. 鼓掌,轻敲 74 deal n. 交易,协定,份量; v. (dealt,dealt[delt])处理,应付,分配 75 deal with 处理，料理 76 sadness n. 悲哀 77 example n. 榜样,例子 78 for example 例如 79 elder a. 年龄较大的,年长的; n. 长者,长辈 80 refuse n. 废物,垃圾; vi. 不愿,拒绝; vt. 拒绝 81 anybody n. 重要人物; pron. 任何人 82 hit n. 打击,打,冲撞,偶然发现; v. 打,打击,碰撞 83 though ad. 可是,然而,不过; conj. 尽管,虽然; prep. 但. 84 even though 即使，纵然，尽管 85 understand v. 理解,了解,领会,闻知 86 no longer 不再 87 calm n. 平稳,风平浪静; a. 平静的,冷静的; v. 平静下来,镇静 88 calm down (使)安静，(使)平静 89 nervous a. 紧张的 90 bitter a. 苦的,痛苦的 91 bored a. 厌烦的,无聊的 92 sleepy a. 欲睡的 93 CD n. 激光唱片 94 DVD n. 光碟,影碟 95 test n. 测试,试验; v. 测试,试验,接受测验 96 affect v. 影响,作用,感动 97 mood n. 心情,情绪,语气 98 put on 穿上; vt. 穿上,戴上 99 boss n. 老板,上司; v. 指挥,控制 100 monitor n. 监督器,级长,监听员; v. 监视,监听,监督; [计算机] 显示器,监视 101 get along with 与...相处 102 workmate n. 工友,同事 103 speech n. 演讲 104 schoolmate n. 同窗,同学 105 passport n. 护照 106 moon n. 月亮 107 especially ad. 特别,尤其 108 hang n. 悬挂,吊死; v. (hanged,hanged) 悬挂,绞死,逗留 109 tear n. 眼泪,撕破; v. 流泪,撕破 110 thought n. 想法,思想; v. (think的过去式和过去分词)想,思考,认为; vbl. 想,思考,认为 111 confident a. 确信的,自信的 112 try out 试验；尝试 113 noise n. 声音,响声,响声,喧哗声,噪声; v. 谣传 114 spirit n. 精神 115 magazine n. 杂志 116 decision n. 决定,决心 117 think over 仔细考虑 118 sense n. 侦测,感应,感觉; v. 感觉,了解 119 husband n. 丈夫 120 field a. 野外; n. 地,田地 121 vehicle n. 传播媒介,工具,手段,交通工具,车辆;; [语]喻体 122 find out 找出；查明 123 airplane n. 飞机 124 airline a. (飞机)航线的; n. (飞机的)航线,航空公司 125 decide v. 决定,判决 126 price n. 价格,代价,价值; v. 定...的价格,标价 127 total a. 全体的,总的,全然的; v. 总计,共计 128 training n. 训练 129 sunrise n. 日出 130 raise n. 上升,高地,增高; v. 升起,举起,饲养 131 book n. 书; v. 登记,预订 132 railway n. 铁路; v. 由铁道运输 133 sleeper n. 枕木(卧车) 134 cinema n. 电影院 135 hotel n. 旅馆，宾馆，酒店，饭店 136 reservation n. 预定 137 refrigerator n. 冰箱 138 air conditioning n.空气调节 139 standard a. 标准的; n. 标准 140 condition n. 情况,条件; v. 以...为条件,决定,支配,训练 141 comfortable a. 舒适的 142 person n. 人 143 common a. 共同的,平常的,普通的; n. 平民,普通,公地,公园 144 come up with 找到；提出（答案、解决方法等） 145 queen n. 女王,王后 146 draw v. (drew,drawn) 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制 147 sell vi. 卖,销售; vt. 出卖,背叛,卖,出售 148 headmaster n. 校长 149 land n. 陆地,国土,土地; v. 登陆,登岸,卸货 150 safely ad. 安全地 151 forward a. 向前的,早的,迅速的,前锋; v. 转交,促进,运送; ad. 向前地 152 look forward to (doing) sth 盼望做... 153 scene n. 场,景,情景 154 as soon as 一…就… 155 temple n. 庙宇,寺院; n.太阳穴 156 daytime n. 白天,日间 157 in the daytime 在白天 158 local a. 地方性的,当地的,局部的; [计算机] 局部的 159 receive v. 收到,接受,迎接 160 postcard n. 明信片 161 bet n. 打赌,赌注; v. 打赌; vbl. 打赌 162 you bet 肯定地，没问题 163 explore v. 探险,探测,探究; [计算机] 探讨 164 perfect a. 完美的,全然的,理想的; v. 使...完美,使...完善,使...熟练 165 dialog n. 对话,对白 166 camp n. 露营,帐棚; v. 露营,扎营 167 northwest n. 西北,西北方; a. 西北的,在西北的,来自西北的; ad. 向西北 168 arch n. 拱门,弓形; v. 成弓形弯曲,成弓形 169 mark n. 标志,分数,马克; v. 做标记于,留意,打分数 170 beginning n. 开始,开端 171 sacred a. 神圣的 172 official a. 官方的,正式的; n. 官员 173 survey n. 纵览,视察,测量; v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 174 face n. 脸,面容; v. 面对,朝,承认; [计算机] 面 175 camel n. 骆驼 176 prestige n. 威望,声望 177 east a. 东方的; ad. 向东方; n. 东,东方 178 eastern a. 东部的,东方的 179 north a. 北,北方(的); ad. 向北方; n. 北,北方 180 northeast n. 东北; a. 东北的,向东北的,来自东北的; ad. 向东北,来自东北 181 southeast n. 东南,东南地区; a. 东南的,向东南的,来自东南的; ad. 往东南,来自东南 182 tour n. 旅游,观光旅行,任期; v. 旅行,周游 183 space n. 位置,空间,距离; v. 隔开,分隔 184 passage n. 通道,走廊,一段文章 185 crowd n. 群众,一伙; v. 拥挤,挤满,挤进; 一堆,许多 186 push n. 推,奋力,决心; v. 推,挤,逼迫 187 direction n. 方向,指导,用法说明 188 notice n. 注意,布告,通知; v. 注意,通知,留心 189 sight n. 景观,视力,眼界; v. 看见,瞄准,观看 190 out of sight 看不见了 191 slowly a. 慢慢地; ad. 缓慢地 192 huge a. 庞大的,巨大的 193 sadly ad. 悲痛地,悲惨地,悲伤地 194 can't help doing 情不自禁地做某事 195 satisfied a. 感到满意的; vbl. 使...满意 196 ba satisfied with 对...满意 197 e-mail n. 电子邮件 198 the Dragon and Phoenix Gate 龙凤门 199 guard n. 守卫者,警戒; v. 保卫,看守,当心 200 here and there 到处，处处 201 thank goodness interj．谢天谢地 202 passenger n. 乘客,旅客 203 crazy a. 疯狂的 204 anywhere ad. 任何地方; pron. 任何(一个)地方 205 pollution n. 污染 206 spit n. 唾液,唾吐,小雨; v. 唾吐,吐出,降小雨 207 impossible a. 不可能的 208 safe a. 安全的; n. 保险箱 209 death n. 死,死亡; 死神 210 sharp a. 刺耳的,锋利的,急剧的; ad. [时刻]正,准; 夏普(财富500强公司之一，总部所在地日本,主要经营电子电气) 211 slow a. 慢的; ad. 慢慢地; v. 放慢,减速 212 slow down 减缓；减速 213 opposite a. 相对的,相反的,对面的; prep. 对面 214 avoid v. 避免; vt. 避免,逃避 215 rush n. 匆促,冲进,急流; v. 冲进,匆促行事,催 216 policeman n. 警察 217 helmet n. 头盔 218 light colored 浅色，彩色光 219 fine n. 罚款,罚金; a. 美好的,好的,晴朗的,健康的; v. 罚款 220 crossing n. 人行横道,十字路口 221 warn v. 警告,注意,通知 222 motorcycle n. 摩托车 223 Britain n. 不列颠,英国 224 left hand 左手 225 trouble n. 麻烦,困难; v. 困扰,麻烦,烦恼 226 cyclist n. 骑自行车的人 227 achievement n. 成就,成绩,完成,达到 228 courage n. 勇气 229 middle a. 中等的,中间的; n. 中间 230 top n. 顶端,极点,最高地位;陀螺; a. 最高的,顶上的; v. 高耸,加以顶端,超越 231 success n. 成功 232 lower a. 低的,下级的,下层的; v. 降低,跌落,减弱233 challenge n. 挑战; v. 向...挑战

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗? I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗? 动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误. 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的. 三、介词的宾语从句 用wh-类的介词宾语从句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知. 四、形容词的宾语从句 常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 ① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if ② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. ③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④ 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） ⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 当宾语从句较长时; 当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时; 当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时; 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略; 当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时; 当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时; 当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; 当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; 当宾语从句有it做其先行词时; 在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 七、宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 八、宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时 ①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>. ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary. ③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转. 当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. [编辑本段]宾语从句（版本二） 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。 1.连接词 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 2.判断时态情况： 1.主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 2.主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。 eg: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作… [编辑本段]宾语从句（版本三） 宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。 eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes？ 注： (1)主、从句时态一致： 主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； eg．He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg． I don't think you are right ,are you ? I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ? （3）运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示： 建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）宾语从句后置情况 如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）宾从中that不可省略的情况 宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better． B．当it作形式宾语时 eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．当宾语从句前置时 eg．That our team will win，I believe． [编辑本段]宾语从句（版本四） 一、定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。 A 作动词的宾语: I heard the news. 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语: He said nothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。 三、注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. unit7 topic2 1.Would you mind if...?/Would you mind +（形代）+Ving....? 回答:Of course not./No,not at all./Yes,youd'd better not. 2.①He runs less fast than me./He doesn't run fast as me. ②prefer ...to... like...better like...best ③Cars cost 100 times as much as bikes. I run 3 times as fast as you./I run 3 times faster then you.(倍数+比较级+...) ④越来越... The more you eat,the fatter you are. 越来越瘦 thinner and thinner 越来越漂亮 more and more beautiful ⑤He runs faster then me./He runs fastest of all /so then any other students 宾语从句是八下比较重要的，要复习就着重复习宾语从句的那几章吧！