
不是“要”那么多,是英语在形成过程中自然吸收了很多别国语言里的词汇(又叫外来语),意义虽然相同,但有时候正式程度不同,有时候适用范围不同,有时候褒贬义不同,完全相同的词语是很少很少的。比如来自法语的外来词大多是正式用语,拉丁语源多用于法律等等。举个简单的例子,太阳和月亮,英语本族词是sun moon,而希腊词源的就是solar和lunar多用于太空词汇。
有些同义词,它们虽然意思一样,但可能程度不一样。如good, marvelous, excellent 那类的。good 表示“好”,marvelous “很棒”,excellent “很好”,有时候在不同的场合用不同的词。
建议买一本英语同义词字典对写作很有帮助推荐 Oxford Thesaurus of English牛津同义词大辞典
什么是同义替换呢?同义替换即将同一意思通过不同的方式、不同的角度进行表达。它是为了表达的丰富性与多样性而存在的。而在雅思听力的考试中,同义替换与信息陷阱、逻辑关系一起,构成贯穿在雅思听力考试中的三大难点。其实,雅思听力中的同义替换除了 近义词 替换,还包括同根词替换、类别词替换、数量词替换。本文就为考生具体介绍这四种同义替换形式。
雅思听力 同义词 替换4大类型实例讲解
雅思听力同义替换之近义词替换
顾名思义,近义词替换是通过近义词的方式来展示题目和录音内容的联系,这种同义替换也是所有同义替换类别中最基本、最容易掌握的形式。考生若是对单词的近义词十分熟悉,那么便可以轻松解决这类问题。
例1 Most useful language practice: learning 23 vocabulary (《剑5》Test 2 Section 3第23题)
分析 该题是一道表格填空题,需要考生补充最有用的语言练习是什么。通过审题,考生可以发现本题的最佳定位词应该是vocabulary,而空格中缺少的应该是一个修饰vocabulary的定语成分。根据定位词vocabulary,考生可以在录音中听到这句话:“I also learnt some technical words that I hadn’t heard before.”在这句话中,考生发现通过一个正式和非正式的同义词转换,题干中的定位词vocabulary在录音中被替换为words,由此考生就找到了答案信息所在的位置。录音中words的修饰词为technical,所以technical为本题答案。
以上是一个名词近义词替换的例子,但对于广大考生而言,在做题过程中感觉更让人头疼的是动词或形容词的近义替换,因为这类词的替换更加灵活。不过,如果考生能够掌握相应的解题 方法 ,也可轻松解题,如下例所示。
例2 STOP B: has good 16 of city centre (《剑7》Test 2 Section 2 第16题)
分析 该题也是一道表格填空题,让考生补充完整景点B有何特色。按照定位词选名词不选动词的原则,考生在处理本题时倾向于选city centre作为在录音中定位答案信息的定位词。通过of的所有格结构,考生可以判断出空格处应填名词。根据定位词,考生在听录音时,会把答案信息定位在下面这句话:“This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.”在这句话中,考生不难发现,centre of the city在句末出现,centre前还加入了冗长的修饰成分the old commercial and banking。在考试中,考生听到centre of the city时,可能已经忘了该句前面的内容了,因此很难准确找出题目答案。
如果换一种方式进行定位,效果会不会不同?这一次考生可以试试利用题干中的形容词good以及good和空格处应填词汇之间修饰与被修饰的关系在录音中定位及寻找答案。这样一来,考生很容易在录音中找到good的近义替换词wonderful,从而找到紧跟在其后面的词语views。所以,views即本题答案。
在考试时,很多考生会避免选题干中的形容词或动词定位。但是笔者认为,如果题目中空格前后的形容词或动词属于基础词汇,而且考生也比较熟悉其近义词,不妨将这些词归入定位词之一,很多时候可以快速帮助解题。
雅思听力同义替换之同根词替换
很多非英语专业的考生可能对同根词的概念比较陌生。同根词指的是词根相同、词意相近/相反的一 组词 。比如excite和excitement即为一组同根词。同根词在考试中出现次数较多,但很多时候考生并不能很好地掌握住这类同义替换,主要是因为在发音过程中,很多同根词由于词缀的变化会导致发音、重音等的一系列变化,这使得对发音不熟悉的考生在听录音时无法及时辨认出这些词属于同一个“单词家族”,最终导致定位答案失败。
例 Reading sessions help students to read ___________
A.analytically.
B.as fast as possible.
C.thoroughly. (《剑4》Test 3 Section 3第24题)
分析 通过审题,考生应该大致理解了题干的意思是“阅读课帮助学生读得___________”,也就是要考生填写学生阅读的效果。考生可以通过题干中的定位词reading和session在录音中定位到答案信息:“With reading, there’ll be sessions aimed at getting into the habit of analysing material as you read it …”之后,根据录音中的“getting into the habit of …”(养成……的习惯)找出答案。但是录音中使用的是analysing,它与题目选项A的analytically的发音出入较大。因此,很多考生即便听到了analysing这个词,也不能及时将它与analytically联系起来,最后导致丢分。因此,从这道题来看,听力中同根词考查的难点为重音及发音的变化,类似的同根词还有theatre—theatrical、deep—depth、analysis—analyse等。这要求考生平时在记忆单词时不仅要注意拼写上前后缀的变化,同时要注意发音的差别。
与此同时,在运用同根词替换时,考生也要小心同根词的“反义替换”,因为有些词缀本身就有相反的意思,比如in-、un-、il-、-less等就表达相反含义,所以考生在听的时候要对这些表示相反意思的词缀做到心中有数。
雅思听力同义替换之类别词替换
类别词即对一类事物的统称,比如中文里用“学科”统称学校里的某类课程,或者用“动物”统称狮子、老虎等。那么英语里同样有类似的对应词,比如subject、animal。这类单词在雅思听力中出现的频率非常高,且往往在“神不知鬼不觉”中被偷偷替换掉。下面通过实例来看一下这类替换的特点及方式。
例1 Produce from the area was used to 31 the people of London. (《剑6》Test 1 Section 4第31题)
分析 通过题干中was used to的结构,考生很容易推测出空格处应填入动词,听录音时的定位词可以选people或主语produce。Produce作名词时意思是“农产品,产品”。录音中提到下面这句话:“… consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.”在此处,考生会发现题干中的people与录音中的population进行了近义词替换,而produce在这里没有重现也没有近义词出现。但在这句话中,考生却发现了crops and livestock(庄稼和牲畜)这个表达,换句话说,类别词produce在这里被两个具体的例子替代了。这便是类别词替换的一大特色。考生在做题时,如果发现题干中有概括性的类别词,那么要注意想想属于该类别的例子都有哪些,对应的单词是什么,以帮助自己适应可能在录音中出现的类别词替换形式。这种类别词替换在选择类题目中经常出现,如下例所示。
例2 Dr Merrywhether thinks Antarctica was part of another continent because ___________
A. he has done his own research in the area.
B. there is geological evidence of this.
C. it is very close to South America. (《剑7》Test 2 Section 3第26题)
分析 这道题目问的是“Dr Merrywhether认为南极洲曾属于另一个大陆是因为什么”。在录音中,考生可以听到Dr Merrywhether提到:“… because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.”在这里,fossils and rocks代指了选项B中的类别词geological evidence,而places such as Africa and Australia替换的是题干中的another continent。在这道题目中,无论是题干还是答案,都用类别词与录音中的表述进行了替换。类似的替换形式在选择题中还有很多,可以参考《剑7》Test 3 Section 4中的选择题去复习这类替换。
雅思听力同义替换之数量词替换
在考试中,数量词替换常出现的形式是形容词与数量词间的替换,也就是通过数量词表达与形容词同样的意思。比如,我们既可以直接说“这个书包可真贵”,也可以说“这个书包花了我2000块钱啊”,两句话表达同一个意思。在这两句话里,“贵”和“2000块钱”进行了替换。这种替换由于有着较高的隐蔽性,往往成为考生定位答案时的漏网之鱼。
例 When investing in stocks and shares,it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in 40 . (《剑5》Test 1 Section 4第40题)
分析 在这道 句子 填空题中,通常考生会选用题干中的a high proportion作为本题在录音中的定位词。在录音中,与这句话对应的答案信息是:“It is usually advised that at least 70% of a person’s savings should be in low-risk investments …”考生发现,从听的角度来讲,这句话的一大亮点便是出现了70%这个数字,而这个词与a high proportion意思相近,可以互相替换。由此,考生便能轻松找出本题的答案low-risk investments。这类替换往往出现在选择题或搭配题中,类似的考点词还有too long—fortnight、regular—every six months等。
雅思备考:四大情绪缓解方法让你轻松面对雅思听力
首先:“有备而来”。在听之前要做好充分准备,雅思听力考试中要求学生边听边答题,所以听之前的准备工作很重要,要先了解答题要求,看清例题,明确题型,这样才能准确的回答问题。
其次:“提高速度”。充分快速的阅览试题和选项,找提示,标出关键词和关联词,以确定它的主题或意图,了解自己将要回答什么样问题,预测出相关的答案,预测是为了更准确的找到答案,使你在听题过程中更为主动,高效率的预览和准确的预测对考生是非常重要的。
再有:“协调配合”。提高听题的效率,要求考生在听,读,写时要紧密配合,滤除不相关的内容,减轻听力负担。在卷面上应该尽量用自己能够辨别的缩写符号或速记符号,在保证准确度的前提下提高速度,因为在写答案的同时还要继续听题,做到手,眼,耳协调一致。考生在将答案誊写在答题纸上时要保证拼写和语法的正确,如有错误也要相应扣分。
最后:“严谨认真”。在每部分和考试全部结束前,都留有时间给考生检查答案,考生应该利用这段时间迅速检查答案,改正做错的题目并完成没有完成的题目,特别注意是否正确按照试题要求去做了,不要在答题卷上留空白,(因为答错了也不扣分)。
雅思备考:四大雅思听力不良审题习惯
雅思听力不良审题习惯一:不拘小节,在审题时只关注文字内容,不注意题目要求。
不论是填空还是选择,题目中都存在一定的要求。单选题和 配对 题问题不大,只要记得一定是一对一选择就可以,遇到多选题时要关注是选对一个选项算一题还是全部选对算一题。如:Question 25 Choose two letters和Question 25-26 choose twoletters这两个要求意义是不相同的,前者比后者要求高,必须全选对才能得分。这对考生最后答题卷的填写也会产生影响,一定要注意。
遇到填空题一定要看清字数要求。由于No more than three words and/or anumber是比较常见的字数要求,可能考生会因此习惯性认为填空就是这个字数要求而忽略了其他形式的要求。在这个要求中,即使只少了“/and”意义也是完全不一样的。
如果要求是No more than three words or a number,那就意味着不能写单词和阿拉伯数字共存的答案,如果出现阿拉伯数字就得写成单词形式。如果出现One wordonly这样的答案就更需要注意了,哪怕多了一个冠词也是错误的。有些考生特别容易把textbook这样的合成词分开写,one wordonly这个要求反而是提醒考生注意单词书写而不是限制了。
雅思听力不良审题习惯二:审题不客观,主观意识太强。
既然是审题,当然要以问题的客观意思理解,不能强加自己的想法。
建议考生在看选择题的问题和选项时尤其需要注意这一点,问什么答什么都要客观理解,不能因为某个选项意义比较符合常理就认为其对,也不能因为选项符合某些判断规则就认为其一定是错的。即便有预先的判断,也需要最终去 文章 中找到证据来支持或反驳。
如果遇到的是填空题,当然首先还是客观理解整个句子的意思,再做找关键词、预测等工作。比如在预测时发现需要填的空格出现在名词前,修饰名词,一般考生第一反应需要找一个形容词,但仔细想想,能修饰名词的不仅仅是普通的形容词,名词也可以,动词的现在分词形式和过去分词形式也可做形容词来修饰名词,甚至量词也可以修饰名词,所以在听的时候不能因为想到了形容词就只关注普通的形容词。
雅思听力不良审题习惯三:片面理解,选择性审题。
听力考试重在听,卷面上出现的每一字每一句都是提示信息,审题自然不能漏过一丝一毫。但考生往往会因为看到自己熟悉的内容而忽略了剩余的,造成理解错误。最具代表意义的是剑桥7 Test 3 Section 3 Question 23: Float dropped into oceanand________ by satellite. 在教学过程中发现考生经常对该空的预测是填名词,因为看到了oceanand就认为两者并列。事实上从整句看和空格并列的信息应该是dropped, 所以要找的是动词的过去分词表示被动。预测出错后听题中就容易忽略正确答案了。
雅思听力不良审题习惯四:视而不见,只看不用。
审题之所以要思考很多问题,是为了在听题的时候能对找答案有所帮助,看到想到的就得在听题时充分利用。但很多考生辛苦审题却不知道运用,例如剑桥5 Test4 Section 1 Question 3: intended length of stay______________ ,通过审题可知需要填的是时间长度,限制信息intended意味着这段时间是想要、打算住的时间,既然有打算,那么还有可能会出现实际的情况。
原 文:I’m planning on staying a year but at the moment I’m definitely herefor 4 month only. 显然planning和intended是对应的同义转换点,因此答案是ayear。很多考生其实意识到要找的是想要住的时间长度,但在听的时候却没有注意到对应点。又如剑桥5 Test 2 Section 4 Question 37:average daily requirement for an adult in Antarctica is approximately ________kilocalories. 此题中应填数字是非常容易预测的,在审题时需要意识到这个数字要符合average、daily、adult、inAntarctica这些条件才能成为正确答案,事实上原文的干扰点就在地点Antarctica上,而考生经常看到却在听的时候忽略了这个信息。
雅思备考:时态考点
which Two facilities does the theatre currently offer to the public?
A.rooms for hire
B.backstage tours
C.hire of costumes
D.a book shop
E.a cafe
15/16题
which Two workshops does the theatre currently offer?
A.sound
B.acting
C.making puppets
D.make-up
E.lighting
剑桥8 test 1 section 2中19/20题
which Two activities can students do after the tour at present?
A.build model dinosaurs
B.watch film
C.draw dinosaurs
D.find dinosaur eggs
E.play computer games
剑桥8 test 2 section 2中19题
what can you see in the park at the present time?
A.the arrival of wild birds
B.fruit tree blossom
C.a demonstration of fishing
剑桥7 test 4section2中12题
theoriginal buildings on the site were
A.leisure
B.apartment blocks
C.a sports center
从这些题中我们可以看出,前两道题都出现了currently, 第三,第四道题at present, 第五道出现original,它们都是表示时间的词,都是选择题中题干出现的限定词,也是这些题中的考点词。
比如说第一道题which Two facilities does the theatre currently offer to the public?哪两个设施是theatre 目前提供给公众的?那我们要选择选项中包含现在时间词的选项,录音中可能还会出现将来时间进行干扰,所以计划,打算,不久将开放的就是干扰项。
根据录音:so we ‘re looking into the possibility to open a cafe in due course. (in due course 在适当的时候)排除E
there are 2 large rooms will be decorated next month , and they’ll be available for hire排除A.
we ‘re also considering hiring out costumes 排除C
所以排除法就可以做出来了。以上干扰句中都出现了将来时间词。
而答案句:
one way is by organizing backstage tours,so people can be shown around the building and learn how a theatre operates
we have a bookshop which specializes in books about drama and that attracts plenty of customers
都是一般现在时。
第二道题:题干出现currently,问现在情况
所以根据录音:we intend to learn run courses in acting, but we’re waiting until we’ve got the right people in place as trainers.出现将来时间排除B
we ‘re going to start sound next month.出现将来时间词可以排除A.
a number of people have enquired about workshops on make-up, that’s something we’r considering for the future.排除C
答案句中:our lighting workshop has already started with great success.
a surprise success is the workshop on making puppets……..it is so popular we’re now running them very month. 是现在完成时或者现在时。
那么我们来 总结 一下考试中常见的时间时态词:
过去的时间词:original/originally / previous/ previously / former/ initially/ first / last / used to do / ago/ before / did /past
现在的时间词:current/currently/ at present/ at the moment / now/ recently / have already done
将来的时间词:future/ be about to do/ be going to do / next / be considering / plan to do / intend to do / be thinking of / soon /
所以做做时态型的选择题时,我们审题时一定要注意题干中限定的时间词,如果是现在的,那么一般会大量用将来进行干扰。而答案句对应也是现在时或现在完成时。如果审题中题干时过去限定词,那么常用过去时间对应,当然也会部分出现干扰。题干中直接出线一般将来时的题很少,基本上都在问过去或者现在的情况。学员要牢记常见时间词,进行同意替换或者进行干扰排除,这类题就迎刃而解了。
这个...中文也是这样吧...而且更甚耶``````只不过是母语所以大家都不那么注意而已....
forbid ban prohibit 都含“禁止”的意思。 forbid系常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”, 如: The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。 ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”, 含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用事物作其宾语, 如: Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器! prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”, 如: The soldiers were prohibited from leaving camp after dark. 天黑后士兵不准离开营房。 permit allow let 都含“准许”的意思。 permit 和 allow 在许多情况下可以通用, 但它较 allow 正式, 含有“积极地、从正面地允许”的意义, 如:They don't permit you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。 allow 指“并不反对”或“不加阻止”, 偏重“默许”或“听任”, 含义较消极, 如: Each passenger is allowed twenty -five kilogrammes of luggage. 每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。 let 是三个词中最不正式的, 较口语化, 而语意最弱, 指“给予可能或同意”, 有时含“难以阻止或限制”之意, 如: Let him wait. 让他等一等。 Let , allow, permit, grant这组动词都有“允许”或“让”的意思。 let 是个普通词,常要求复合宾语,在不定式作宾语补足语时,总省去不定式符号to,有时在一定的上下文中可省去宾语补足语:let, allow这两个动词都有“让”或“允许”的意思,仔细研究后可以看到许多情况下,这两个词并不能通用。let 所表示的“允许”含有“不阻止”(notto prevent)的意思 Let's go into the garage and have a look at it. 咱们到汽车修配厂去看看吧。 She said her future husband would not let her make another film. 她说她的未婚夫不会让她再拍电影了。(此句用would not let,意思是“阻止”) When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. 当公牛接近了他时,他笨拙地向一旁一闪,把公牛让了过去。 Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. 然后它坐着吠叫,直到有人把它放出去为止。 The third baseman let the ball roll between his feet. 第三名垒手让球从他的两只脚之间滚了过去。 而allow所表示的“允许”含有“容忍”(forbearance of prohibition)的意思 Please allow me to introduce Mr Brown to you. 请允许我把布朗先生向你介绍一下。 Now we are not allowed to touch it. 现在是不让我们碰一碰它的。 注:let somebody do something(让某人做某事)作宾语补足语的不定式省去to,而allow somebody to do something(让某人做某事)作宾语补足语的不定式带to.allow与permit也可以用于allow(permit)somebody to do something的句子结构, 但也可以要求简单宾语或表示行为的名词作宾语。这三个词都能表示“没能阻止”或“不去阻止”,但是let并不包含allow和permit所共有的这层含义:有能力、有权威不去禁止或不去防止某事,有时表示由于笨拙疏忽而放过去 The teacher allows too much noise in the classroom 那位老师听任教室内有过分的嘈杂声。 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. 他应该知道,警察是不会允许这种事情的。 The dogs have greater freedom too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. 那些狗也有了较大的自由,因为允许它们在栅栏外面到处跑跑。 而permit又不包含allow的这样一层含义:克制着自己不去禁止,而allow却不包含permit的这样的含义:同意或者默许 We do not allow (or permit) gambling. 我们不允许赌博; grant 所表示的“允许”包含这样的意思:上级就下级的要求,把自认为是一种恩惠或权利给予别人 He requested that the premier grant him an internview. 他要求那位总理接见他一次。 Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a call-box. 获得了许可后,一名警察陪他来到公用电话亭。 composed of men of the same nationality or who spoke a common language. 法令指出连队应当尽可能地由同一民族的人或操同一语言的人组成 lift raise elevate 都含“举起”的意思。 lift 指“用体力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度”, 如: She can lift a pail of water from the ground. 她能把一桶水提起来。 raise 与Lift 可换用, 但着重“垂直高举”或“将物件由较低处移至较高处的适宜位置, 以发挥应有的作用”, 如: raise a flag. 升旗。 elevate 指“提高(嗓子、思想等)”, 如: Good reading elevates the mind. 阅读好书可使思想高尚。 lift, raise, rear, elevate, hoist 这组动词的一般含义是“提起”,“举起”。 lift 强调“提升很重的或者抬起比较重的东西”,当用于比喻时,可以指雄伟高大的建筑物或大山的“高耸入云” The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. 现在必须垂直着提升馅饼盘,因为盘的一边靠在运河的侧面上。 raise 在用于“提升”的意义时,可包含费力也可能不包含费力,但总带有“垂直”提升的意思;在用于比喻时,可以表示喂羊家畜、家禽,照料农作物的生长,募集资金,抬募军队,养育儿童等 …there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom……。 当从海底提上来一只箱子时,船上出现了极为兴奋的场面。 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another. 我们的牧师老是在为这桩或那桩事募款。 rear和raise在文学语言中常互换使用。在表示养育儿童时,rear 为美国南方各州惯用词 She bore three children and reared (or reaised) two of them. 她生过三个孩子,养大了两个。 elevate 一般具有lift和raise的含义,但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高,如“提高文学鉴赏力”,“提高情操”等 Good reading elerates the mind. 读好书可以提高情操。 hoist 尤指“以机械提升重物” The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship. 贷物很快就被吊进船舱。 change,alter,vary,modify这组动词的一般含义是“改变”或“变化”。 change 是通用词,它有两层基本含义:“变”和“换”。“变”可以指和原来的样子或性质稍有不同,也可以指有本质的差异。 At first,she decided to go to the police,but fearing that she would never see Rastus again-the letter had made that quite clear-she changed her mind. 起初,她决定去警察局,但是她由于担心再也见不到拉斯特斯了-那封信说得相当清楚-她改变了主意。 He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. 然后他换上工装裤,作为清洁工人度过接下去的八小时。 alter 所表示的“改变”只是细节的,或外表的变化,并不表示本质的改变。如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式样仍然不变,这时用alter便很确当 He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be alltered. 他可以温和地指责一个官员,或者甚至建议议会修改法律条款。 vary 一般表示转换、变易、增生所致的“变化”或“不同” The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. 他所采取的行动,根据怨言的性质,而有所不同。 modify 主要用来表示有局限性的“改变”,当用于事物时,它所表示的“改变”,在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的态度时,它仅仅表示略加修饰,并不含有很大的变化 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. 工业革命变革了英国的整个社会结构。 change alter vary 都含“改变”的意思 . change 指“使改变得与原物完全不同”或“使发生以新代旧的变化”,如: The appearance of the town is quite changed. 这个城镇的外观变化颇大。 alter 指“局部的、外表的变化, 但特点不变”, 如: This coat should be altered. 这件外套应该改改。 vary 指“不规则或连续地改变”, 如: Customs vary with the times. 习俗随时代而异。 keep retain withhold reserve 都含“保持”、“保存”的意思。 keep 系常用词, 指“使继续下去”“使较长时期地置于不脱离控制、掌握、照料或变化之下”, 如: keep the room clean. 保持室内清洁。 retain 较正式, 强调“继续保持”, 特指“保持使不失去或被夺走”, 如: He has managed to retain most of his fortune. 他设法保存了他的大部分财产。 withhold 强调“保留”、“隐匿”, 指“阻止其离去或泄漏”, 如: Fear made him withhold the truth. 恐惧使他不敢说实话。 reserve 指“为一目的保持, 或保存一段时间”, 如: A great future is reserved for you. 光明的前程在等待着你。 remain stay
王福祯《大学英语同义词辨析词典》网上价格是32元左右的,北京国际广播大学出版
我给你我总结的!看看好了,说到种类那就很多了希望这些可以给你帮助1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口,人数,people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数),practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲,讲课 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official officer部队的军官,official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数,job可数 a good job 19. couple, pair couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker cook厨师,cooker厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage不可数名词, 损害,损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem常和困难连系,前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise,question常和疑问连系,多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man man人类,a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡,chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious. 27. telegram, telegraph 当电报解时,telegram指具体的,telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等;game指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price价格,prize奖,奖品,奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a number of, the number of a number of许多,谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目,谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面,in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy. 33. of the day, of a day of the day每一天的,当时的,当代的, of a day暂时的,不长久的 a famous scientist of the day 34. three of us, the three of us three of us我们(不止三个)中的三个,the three of us我们三个(就三个人)The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema. 35. by bus, on the bus by bus表手段,方式,不用冠词,on the bus表范围 They went there by bus. 36. for a moment, for the moment for a moment 片刻,一会儿,for the moment暂时,一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语,the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 38. more than a year, more than one year more than a year一年多,more than one year超过一年(两年或三年等) 39. take advice, take the(one's) advice take advice征求意见,take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again. 40. take air, take the air take air传播,走漏,take the air到户外去,散步 We take the air every day. 41. in a word, in words in a word总之,一句话, in words口头上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of in place of代替,in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one. 43. in secret, in the secret in secret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;in the secret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下,take the chair开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员,出航,by sea乘船,由海路, by the sea在海边 go by sea 47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人,既是医生又是老师,the doctor and the teacher两个人,一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office in office在职的,in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office. 49. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上,on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理,负责照料, in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class在课上,in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question毫无疑问的,out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the second a second又一,再一,the second第…… He won the second prize. 55. by day, by the day by day白天,by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people指人,a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one it同一物体,one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 58. that, this that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的 I was ill. That's why… 59. none, nothing, no one none强调有多少,nothing, no one强调有没有,nothing指物,no one指人 --- How many…/How much…? --- None. 60. anyone, any one anyone指人,不能接of,any one指人物均可,可接of any one of you 61. who, what who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher. 62. what, which what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples? 63. other, another other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数 other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little非常,not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,a lot of可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句 I haven't many books. 66. much more…than, many more…than much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词,many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful 67. no, not no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water 68. no more than, not more than no more than相当于only,仅仅,只有,not more than 至多,不超过 69. majority, most majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself单独的,独自的,for oneself为自己,to oneself供自己用的,of oneself 自行的,自动的 The door opened of itself. 71. at all, after all at all根本,全然, after all到底,毕竟 After all he is a child. 72. tall, high tall常指人或动物,high常指物体 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful healthy健康的,健壮的,healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy. 77. gold, golden gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring 78. most, mostly most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly… 79. just, very just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形容词,用作定语 the very man, just the man 80. wide, broad wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离,broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable respectful尊敬,有礼貌,respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward 二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,outward还可用作形容词 an outward voyage 84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing pleasant常用作定语,pleased, pleasing常用作表语,pleased主语常为人,pleasing主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing. 85. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,understandable 可理解的,能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地 closely connected, stand close 87. ill, sick ill做表语,sick定,表均可 a sick boy 88. good, well good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。 90. hard, hardly hard努力,hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable able与不定式to do连用,capable与of连用 He is capable of doing… 92. almost, nearly 二者均为"几乎,差不多" 和否定词连用用almost almost nobody 93. late, lately late迟,晚,lately最近,近来 I haven't seen him lately. 94. living, alive, live, lively living, alive, live均为活着的,living定表均可,alive定表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive 95. excited, exciting excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的 I'm excited. The news is exciting. 96. deep, deeply deep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud aloud出声地,loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读) 98. worth, worthy 二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited. 99. bad, badly bad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need, want, require连用为"很,非常" go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long before before long不久以后,long before很久以前 not long before = before long 101. quite, rather quite完全地,相当于completely, rather修饰比较级 quite impossible 102. happy, glad happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,glad高兴,只能做表语 a happy girl 103. instead, instead of instead是副词,放在句首或句末,instead of是介词短语,放在句中He didn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film. 104. too much, much too too much 后接不可数名词,much too后接形容词 much too heavy 105. be about to, be going to, be to do be about to表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语,be going to 侧重打算,想法,be to do侧重意志,计划,安排I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思) 106. raise, rise raise及物动词,rise不及物动词 The sun rises in the east. 107. bring, take, carry, fetch bring拿来,take带走,carry随身携带,fetch去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk 108. spend, take, pay, cost spend人做主语,花钱,花时间; spend…on sth./in doing sth; take物做主语,花时间; pay人做主语,花钱,pay for; cost物做主语,花钱 109. join, join in, take part in join加入某个组织,并成为其中的一员;join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in;take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago. 110. learn, study learn学习,侧重学习的结果,study学习,侧重学习的过程,研究 study the problem 111. want, hope, wish want打算,想要,want to do, want sb. to do, hope希望(通常可以实现),hope to do/ hope that… wish希望(通常不能实现)wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success. 112. discover, invent, find out discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西,invent发明本来不存在的物体,find out发现,查明 At last he found out the truth. 113. answer, reply answer及物动词,reply不及物动词,后接 to reply to the letter 114. leave, leave for leave离开,leave for前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai. 115. rob, steal rob抢劫 rob sb. of sth.,steal偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot at shoot射死,shoot at瞄准,但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died. 117. drop, fall drop及物不及物均可,fall不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice. 118. search, search for search后接地点,search for后接东西 He searched his pocket for money. 119. used to, be used to used to过去常常,be used to习惯于,后接sth./doing sth.;被用来,后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early. 120. win, lose, beat win后接sth.,反义词为lose, beat后接sb. win the game, beat them 121. live on, live by live on以…为主食,live by靠…谋生 live on fish/ live by fishing 122. beat, hit, strike beat连续性地击打;hit打中,对准打;strike打一下或若干下 beat the wings 123. meet, meet with meet遇到,meet with体验到,遭遇到 meet with an accident 124. lose, miss lose失去(具体的物体),错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance;miss 想念,错过sth. is missing, miss the chance 125. be tired of, be tired with/from be tired of厌烦…,be tired with/from因为…而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters 126. care about, care for care about关心,计较,在乎,一般多用于否定句中;care for关心,照料,喜欢,愿意 He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies. 127. catch a cold, have a cold catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用,而have a cold可以 She has had a cold for a week. 128. change for, change into change for调换成,change into变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice. 129. continue, last 二者均为持续,continue主动,被动均可,last只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued. 130. feed, raise feed喂养,养活,饲养 (to give food to), raise饲养,养育 (cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family 131. go for a doctor, go to a doctor go for a doctor去请医生,go to a doctor去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight of notice注意到,observe观察,仔细地看,catch sight of突然看到 observe the stars 133. insist on, stick to insist on坚持要求,后常接doing, stick to坚持, 后常接sth. stick to the plan 134. look, seem, appear look指从外表上看,seem指内心的判断,appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise, look like his father 135. gather, collect gather把分散的东西集中到一起, collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps 136. mean to do, mean doing mean to do打算,想要做某事,mean doing意思是,意味着 By this I mean giving the students more practice. 137. die from, die of die from表示死于(枪)伤,虚弱,过度劳累,饮食过度等,die of表示死于疾病,饥饿,寒冷,年老,忧愁,失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold 138. pay for, pay back, pay off pay for为…付钱,pay back还钱,但不一定还清,pay off还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt 139. divide, separate divide把一个整体分成几部分,separate把连在一起的个体分开 divide the apple, separate the houses 140. arrive, get, reach arrive不及物动词,后接in (大地点),at(小地点),get不及物动词后接to,reach及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing 141. grow, plant grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去,plant移植,移栽已经长成秧苗的植物 plant the trees, trees are growing 142. manage, try manage to do设法做成了某事,try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功 He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 143. choose, select choose凭个人的判断力进行选择,select有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer 144. build, put up, set up, found build一般用语,建成,put up临时搭建,set up建成(内部的设施基本齐全),found国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school 145. be familiar to, be familiar with be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的,be familiar with某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book. 146. agree with, agree to, agree on agree with同意某人,agree to同意某事,agree on在…上达成一致意见,主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan 147. throw to, throw at throw to扔到…, throw at朝…扔 He throw a stone at me. 148. receive, accept receive收到某一东西,但不一定接受,accept接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it. 149. wear, put on, dress wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时,dress接人,be dressed in, put on表动作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. 150. listen, hear listen强调动作,hear强调结果 I listened, but I heard nothing. 151. look, see, watch look看的动作,see看的结果,watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展watch TV 152. lie, lay lie躺,位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied),lay平放(laid, laid) lay the book 153. work as, act as work as工作是…,act as充当某种职务或身份,或扮演某种角色 He works as a teacher. He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, remove move动一动,但不一定移走,remove从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen