剩余期限英文

Alt-A positions可供选择的财务状况第二个是net of hedges吧net of hedges 投机性投资基金网络

楼主写错了哦，应该是 net of hedges，意思是净套期保值或净套期。Alt-A positions 我找了好久也找不到，只找到个英文版的参考第一章 总则 Chapter I General Principles第一条 为了规范套期保值的确认和计量，根据《企业会计准则--基本准则》，制定本准则。 Article 1 These Standards are formulated in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Enterprises - Basic Standards for the purpose of regulating the recognition and measurement of the hedging.第二条 套期保值（以下简称套期），是指企业为规避外汇风险、利率风险、商品价格风险、股票价格风险、信用风险等，指定一项或一项以上套期工具，使套期工具的公允价值或现金流量变动，预期抵销被套期项目全部或部分公允价值或现金流量变动。 Article 2 The term " hedging" refers to one or more hedging instruments which are designated by an enterprise for avoiding the risks of foreign exchange, interest rate, commodity price, stock price, credit and etc., and which is expected to make the changes in fair value or cash flow of hedging instrument(s) to offset all or part of the changes in the fair value or cash flow of the hedged item.第三条 套期分为公允价值套期、现金流量套期和境外经营净投资套期。 Article 3 The hedging are classified into fair value hedging, cash flow hedging, and net investment hedging in an overseas operation.（一）公允价值套期，是指对已确认资产或负债、尚未确认的确定承诺，或该资产或负债、尚未确认的确定承诺中可辨认部分的公允价值变动风险进行的套期。 (1)A fair value hedging refers to a hedging of the risk to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a previously unrecognized firm commitment, or to changes in the identifiable portion of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or a previously unrecognized firm commitment.该类价值变动源于某类特定风险，且将影响企业的损益。 Such changes in value are attributable to a particular risk and could affect enterprise' profit or loss.（二）现金流量套期，是指对现金流量变动风险进行的套期。该类现金流量变动源于与已确认资产或负债、很可能发生的预期交易有关的某类特定风险，且将影响企业的损益。 (2)A cash flow hedging refers to a hedging of the risk to changes in cash flow. Such changes in cash flow are attributable to a particular risk related to a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction and could affect enterprise' profit or loss.（三）境外经营净投资套期，是指对境外经营净投资外汇风险进行的套期。境外经营净投资，是指企业在境外经营净资产中的权益份额。 (3)A net investment hedging in an overseas operation refers to hedging of the foreign exchange risk arising from net investment in an overseas operation. The "net investment in an overseas operation" refers to an enterprise' equity of rights and interests in the net assets in an overseas operation.第四条 对于满足本准则第三章规定条件的套期，企业可运用套期会计方法进行处理。 Article 4 For a hedging which satisfies the conditions as prescribed in Chapter III of these Standards, the enterprise may deal with it through the hedging accounting method.套期会计方法，是指在相同会计期间将套期工具和被套期项目公允价值变动的抵销结果计入当期损益的方法。 The " hedging accounting method" shall refer to a method to record the result of offsetting the hedging instrument and the changes of the fair value of the hedged item.第二章 套期工具和被套期项目 Chapter II Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items第五条 套期工具，是指企业为进行套期而指定的、其公允价值或现金流量变动预期可抵销被套期项目的公允价值或现金流量变动的衍生工具，对外汇风险进行套期还可以将非衍生金融资产或非衍生金融负债作为套期工具。 Article 5 The term "hedging instrument" shall refer to a derivative instrument which is designated by an enterprise for hedging and by which it is expected that changes in its fair value or cash flow can offset the changes in fair value or cash flow of the hedged item. For a hedging of foreign exchange risk, a non-derivative financial asset or non-derivative financial liability may be used as a hedging instrument.第六条 企业在确立套期关系时，应当将套期工具整体或其一定比例（不含套期工具剩余期限内的某一时段）进行指定，但下列情况除外： Article 6 To establish the hedging relationship, an enterprise shall designate all or certain proportion of the hedging instruments (excluding a certain time period within the residual time limit of the hedging instrument), but with the exception of the following circumstances:（一）对于期权，企业可以将期权的内在价值和时间价值分开，只就内在价值变动将期权指定为套期工具； (1)For an option, the enterprise may separate the intrinsic value from the time value of the option and merely designate the option as a hedging instrument based on the changes of its intrinsic value; and（二）对于远期合同，企业可以将远期合同的利息和即期价格分开，只就即期价格变动将远期合同指定为套期工具。 (2)For a forward contract, the enterprise may separate the interest from the spot price of a forward contract and merely designate the forward contract as a hedging instrument based on the changes of spot price.第七条 企业通常可将单项衍生工具指定为对一种风险进行套期，但同时满足下列条件的，可以指定单项衍生工具对一种以上的风险进行套期： Article 7 Generally an enterprise may designate a single derivative instrument as a hedging for one kind of risk, but if the following conditions are met at the same time, it may designate a single derivative instrument as a hedging for one or more kinds of risks:（一）各项被套期风险可以清晰辨认； (1)All risks to be hedged are clear and identifiable;（二）套期有效性可以证明； (2)The effectiveness of hedging may be proved; and（三）可以确保该衍生工具与不 同风险头寸之间存在具体指定关系。 (3)It can insure that there is a specific specifying relationship between the derivative instrument and different risk positions.套期有效性，是指套期工具的公允价值或现金流量变动能够抵销被套期风险引起的被套期项目公允价值或现金流量变动的程度。 The "effectiveness of hedging" shall refer to the extent that the changes in the fair value or cash flow of a hedging instrument may offset the changes resulted from the hedging risks in the fair value or cash flow of a hedged item.第八条 企业可以将两项或两项以上衍生工具的组合或该组合的一定比例指定为套期工具。 Article 8 An enterprise may designate a combination of two or more derivative instruments or a certain proportion of such a combination as a hedging instrument.对于外汇风险套期，企业可以将两项或两项以上非衍生工具的组合或该组合的一定比例，或将衍生工具和非衍生工具的组合或该组合的一定比例指定为套期工具。 For a foreign exchange hedging, the enterprise may designate a combination of two or more non-derivative instruments or a certain proportion of such a combination, or a combination of derivative instrument(s) and non-derivative instrument(s) or a certain proportion of such a combination as a hedging instrument.对于利率上下限期权或由一项发行的期权和一项购入的期权组成的期权，其实质相当于企业发行的一项期权的（即企业收取了净期权费），不能将其指定为套期工具。 For a collar option, or for an option composed of an issued option and a purchased option, if its essential is equivalent to an option issued by the enterprise (that is to say, the enterprise charges for the net option), the enterprise cannot designate it as a hedging instrument.第九条 被套期项目，是指使企业面临公允价值或现金流量变动风险，且被指定为被套期对象的下列项目： Article 9 The "hedged item" shall refer to the following items which make an enterprise faced to changes in fair value or cash flow and are designated as the hedged objectives:（一）单项已确认资产、负债、确定承诺、很可能发生的预期交易，或境外经营净投资； (1)A single recognized asset, liability, firm commitment, highly probable forecast transaction, or a net investment in an overseas operation;（二）一组具有类似风险特征的已确认资产、负债、确定承诺、很可能发生的预期交易，或境外经营净投资； (2)A group of recognized assets, liabilities, firm commitments, highly probable forecast transactions, or net investments in overseas operations with similar risk characteristics; and（三）分担同一被套期利率风险的金融资产或金融负债组合的一部分（仅适用于利率风险公允价值组合套期）。 (3)A portion of the portfolio of financial assets or financial liabilities that share the risk of interest rate of the same hedged (only applicable to a portfolio of hedging in the fair value of interest rate risk).确定承诺，是指在未来某特定日期或期间，以约定价格交换特定数量资源、具有法律约束力的协议。 The "firm commitment" shall refer to an agreement with legal control force regarding the exchange of a particular number of resources at the stipulated price on a specific future date or in a specific future period.预期交易，是指尚未承诺但预期会发生的交易。 The "forecast transaction" shall refer to a transaction for which no commitment is made, but which is expected to occur.第十条 被套期风险是信用风险或外汇风险的，持有至到期投资可以指定为被套期项目。 Article 10 If the hedged risk is a credit risk or foreign exchange risk, the held-to-maturity investment may be designated a hedged item.被套期风险是利率风险或提前还款风险的，持有至到期投资不能指定为被套期项目。 If the hedged risk is an interest rate risk or risk of repayment ahead of the schedule, the held-to-maturity investment shall not be designated as a hedged item.第十一条 企业集团内部交易形成的货币性项目的汇兑收益或损失，不能在合并财务报表中全额抵销的，该货币性项目的外汇风险可以在合并财务报表中指定为被套期项目。 Article 11 If the exchange gain or loss of any monetary item formed by an intra-group transaction of an enterprise is unable to be fully offset in the consolidated statements, the foreign exchange risk of this monetary item may be designated as a hedged item in the consolidated financial statements.企业集团内部很可能发生的预期交易，按照进行此项交易的主体的记账本位币以外的货币标价（即按外币标价），且相关的外汇风险将影响合并利润或损失的，该外汇风险可以在合并财务报表中指定为被套期项目。 For a highly probable forecast intra-group transaction of an enterprise, if its price is denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the subject entering into that transaction (that is to say, its price is denominated in an overseas currency) and if the relevant foreign exchange risk will affect consolidated financial statements, such foreign exchange risk may be designated as a hedged item in the consolidated financial statements.第十二条 对于与金融资产或金融负债现金流量或公允价值的一部分相关的风险，其套期有效性可以计量的，企业可以就该风险将金融资产或金融负债指定为被套期项目。 Article 12 For a portion of the risk relating to the cash flow or fair value of a financial liabilities or financial asset, if the effectiveness of hedging may be measured, the enterprise may, based on the risk, designate financial asset or financial liability as a hedged item.第十三条 在金融资产或金融负债组合的利率风险公允价值套期中，可以将某货币金额（如人民币、美元或欧元金额）的资产或负债指定为被套期项目。 Article 13 In the matter of a hedging in fair value of the interest rate risk of a portfolio of financial assets or financial liabilities, an asset or liability denominated in a certain currency (such as RMB, US dollar or Euro dollar) may be designated as a hedged item.第十四条 企业可以将金融资产或金融负债现金流量的全部指定为被套期项目。 Article 14 An enterprise may designate all of the cash flows of a financial asset or financial liability as a hedged item.但金融资产或金融负债现金流量的一部分被指定为被套期项目的，被指定部分的现金流量应当少于该金融资产或金融负债现金流量总额。 However, if only a portion of the cash flows of a financial asset or financial liability is designated as a hedged item, the designated portion shall be less than the total amount of the cash flows of the financial asset or financial liability.第十五条 非金融资产或非金融负债指定为被套期项目的，被套期风险应当是该非金融资产或非金融负债相关的全部风险或外汇风险。 Article 15 Where a non-financial asset or non-financial liability is designated as a hedged item, the hedged risk shall be all risks or foreign exchange risks pertinent to this non-financial asset or non-financial liability.第十六条 对具有类似风险特征的资产或负债组合进行套期时，该组合中的各单项资产或单项负债应当同时承担被套期风险，且该组合内各单项资产或单项负债由被套期风险引起的公允价值变动，应当预期与该组合由被套期风险引起的公允价值整体变动基本成比例。 Article 16 With regard to a hedging by the portfolio of assets or liabilities with similar risk characteristics, each single asset or liability among the portfolio shall undertake the hedged risk simultaneously, and the changes in fair value of each single asset or liability in the portfolio resulted from the hedged risk shall, by and large, be expected in proportion to the holistic changes in the fair value of the portfolio resulted from the hedged risk.第三章 套期确认和计量 Chapter III Recognition and Measurement of Hedging第十七条 公允价值套期、现金流量套期或境外经营净投资套期同时满足下列条件的，才能运用本准则规定的套期会计方法进行处理： Article 17 Where a fair value hedging, cash flow hedging or a hedging of net investment in an overseas operation satisfies the following conditions simultaneously, it may be dealt with through the hedging accounting method as prescribed in these Standards:（一）在套期开始时，企业对套期关系（即套期工具和被套期项目之间的关系）有正式指定，并准备了关于套期关系、风险管理目标和套期策略的正式书面文件。 (1)At the commencement of the hedging, the enterprise shall specify the hedging relationship formally (namely the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item) and prepare a formal written document on the hedging relationship, risk management objectives and the strategies of hedging.该文件至少载明了套期工具、被套期项目、被套期风险的性质以及套期有效性评价方法等内容。 This document shall at least specify the contents of hedging instrument, the hedged item, the nature of the hedged risk and the method for the effectiveness assessment of the hedging and etc..套期必须与具体可辨认并被指定的风险有关，且最终影响企业的损益。 The hedging shall be relevant to the designated specific identifiable risk, and will ultimately affect the profits and losses of the enterprise.（二）该套期预期高度有效，且符合企业最初为该套期关系所确定的风险管理策略。 (2)The hedging expectation is highly efficient and meets the risk management strategy, which is confirmed for the hedging relationship by enterprise at the very beginning.（三）对预期交易的现金流量套期，预期交易应当很可能发生，且必须使企业面临最终将影响损益的现金流量变动风险。 (3)For a cash flow hedging of forecast transaction, the forecast transaction shall be likely to occur and shall make the enterprise faced to the risk of changes in cash flow, which will ultimately affect the profits and losses.（四）套期有效性能够可靠地计量。 (4)The effectiveness of hedging can be reliably measured.（五）企业应当持续地对套期有效性进行评价，并确保该套期在套期关系被指定的会计期间内高度有效。 (5)An enterprise shall continuously evaluate the effectiveness of hedging and ensure that this hedging is highly effective in accounting period in which the hedging relationship is specified.第十八条 套期同时满足下列条件的，企业应当认定其为高度有效： Article 18 If a hedging satisfies the following conditions simultaneously, the enterprise shall recognize it as being highly efficient:（一）在套期开始及以后期间，该套期预期会高度有效地抵销套期指定期间被套期风险引起的公允价值或现金流量变动； (1)At the beginning and in subsequent periods of a hedging, this hedging expectation shall be highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value or cash flows caused by the hedged risk during the specified periods;（二）该套期的实际抵销结果在80%至125%的范围内。 (2)The hedging 's actual offset results are within a range of 80% to 125%.第十九条 企业至少应当在编制中期或年度财务报告时对套期有效性进行评价。 Article 19 An enterprise shall at least evaluate the hedging effectiveness when formulating medium-term or annual financial statements.第二十条 对利率风险进行套期的，企业可以通过编制金融资产和金融负债的到期时间表，标明每期的利率净风险，据此对套期有效性进行评价。 Article 20 For a hedging of interest rate risk, the enterprise shall, by formulating the maturity timetable of financial assets and financial liabilities, mark out the net risk of interest rate for each period and evaluate the hedging effectiveness accordingly.

比如两年前的今天我拿一百块去买猪肉，那时候猪肉10块钱一斤，我本来应该是买10斤猪肉回家。但是我直接花100块买了10斤的猪肉期货，约定是两年后的今天交货，那两年的时间就是期货的期，10斤猪肉就是期货的货，这就是期货。