信仰的英语作文

国家西藏，德国东西部。印度与巴基斯坦。俄罗斯车臣，中东地区巴沙

Einstein said, science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.Religion and science the same origin, are the pursuit of the universe and life greatly discerning and apprehending, just different.Religion is the moral norms of human behavior, science is in the natural level guide people to practice.Religion and science like oil and vinegar, simple mixing of incompatible. But if used to" cook", both are indispensable. This is also the previously quoted Einstein saying. Only a short while ago, religious conservative and radical persecution by Nicola Copernicus, Andre Vesalius?? and other scientists, delaying the astrophysics, human anatomy and other disciplines, has hindered the social progress. But now, the rapid development of the science of religion is far away. When the nuclear, electronic communications, genetic and other high technology brings people great convenience at the same time, industrial pollution, the greenhouse effect and the various types of viruses and other problems emerge in an endless stream also let us pay heavy price, people imperceptibly into the spiritual and moral wasteland. When people no longer believe in the existence of more powerful force, they will abandon the reverence for nature, which embarked on the road of self destruction.Therefore, in order to create a harmonious and stable society, religion and science, mutual reliance, common development.爱因斯坦说过，没有宗教的科学是跛子，没有科学的宗教是瞎子。 宗教与科学同根同源，都是追求对宇宙和人生的大彻大悟，只不过侧重点不同。 宗教是在道德层面上规范人类的行为，科学是在自然层面上指导人们的实践。宗教与科学就像油和醋，简单混合无法相容。但若是用来“做菜”，则两者缺一不可。这也是此前引用的爱因斯坦的名言的本意。曾几何时，宗教的保守与偏激迫害了尼古拉?哥白尼、安德烈?维萨里等科学家，延缓了天体物理、人体解剖等学科的形成，阻碍了社会的进步。然而现在，科学的飞速发展将宗教远远抛开。当核能、电子通讯、基因遗传等高新技术给人类带来巨大便利的同时，工业污染、温室效应以及层出不穷的各式病毒等问题也让我们付出了沉重的代价，人们不知不觉地陷入了精神与道德的荒原。当人类不再相信存在比其更强大的力量时，他们就会放弃对大自然的敬畏，从而踏上一条自我毁灭的道路。 所以，为了创建一个和谐稳定的社会，宗教与科学需相互倚重，共同发展。

中文：达尔文的《物种起源》的出版，在欧洲乃至整个世界都引起轰动。它沉重地打击了神权统治的根基，从反动教会到封建御用文人都狂怒了，他们群起攻之，诬蔑达尔文的学说 "亵渎圣灵"，触犯"君权神授天理"，有失人类尊严。与此相反，以赫胥黎为代表的进步学者，积极宣传和捍卫达尔文主义。进化论轰开了人们的思想禁锢，启发和教育人们从宗教迷信的束缚下解放出来。 English：Darwin's "Origin of Species"and published in Europe and caused a sensation throughout the world. It is a heavy blow to the foundation of theocracy, the Church from the reactionary feudal hack writer to have rage, they rushed to the attack, slander Darwin's theory of "blasphemy against the Spirit, " committed "divine right of kings Justice "and beneath human dignity. In contrast, the progress represented by Huxley scholars, actively promote and defend Darwinism. Evolution blew open people's minds detention, inspire and educate people from the shackles of religious superstition and freed.

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说实话我是COPY的.你看看能不能用把.A religion is a system of human thought which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner's experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity or deities, or ultimate truth.[1] Religion is commonly identified by the practitioner's prayer, ritual, meditation, music and art, among other things, and is often interwoven with society and politics. It may focus on specific supernatural, metaphysical, and moral claims about reality (the cosmos and human nature) which may yield a set of religious laws, ethics, and a particular lifestyle. Religion also encompasses ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as personal faith and religious experience.The term "religion" refers to both the personal practices related to communal faith and to group rituals and communication stemming from shared conviction. "Religion" is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system,"[2] but it is more socially defined than personal convictions, and it entails specific behaviors, respectively.In the frame of western religious thought,[3] religions present a common quality, the "hallmark of patriarchal religious thought": the division of the world in two comprehensive domains, one sacred, the other profane.[4] According to the futurist Raymond Kurzweil, "The primary role of traditional religion is deathist rationalization—that is, rationalizing the tragedy of death as a good thing."[5] Religion is often described as a communal system for the coherence of belief focusing on a system of thought, unseen being, person, or object, that is considered to be supernatural, sacred, divine, or of the highest truth. Moral codes, practices, values, institutions, tradition, rituals, and scriptures are often traditionally associated with the core belief, and these may have some overlap with concepts in secular philosophy. Religion is also often described as a "way of life" or a life stance Religion and the body politicA good understanding of the meaning of Christianity before the word "religion" came into common usage can be found in St. Augustine's writing. For Augustine, Christianity was a disciplina, a "rule" just like that of the Roman Empire. Christianity was therefore a power structure opposing and superseding human institutions, a literal Kingdom of Heaven. Rather than calling one to self-discipline through symbols, it was itself the discipline taught by one's family, school, church, and city authorities.[11] However at this point the root of the English word "religion", the Latin religio, was in use only to mean "reverence for God or the gods, careful pondering of divine things, piety" (which Cicero further derived to mean "diligence"[12]); in other words, there was no sense of a "system" nor even of the Christian power structure but only of spirituality.[13] Max Müller characterized many other cultures around the world, including Egypt, Persia, and India, as having a similar power structure at this point in history. What we would call religion today, they would only call "law".[14]As Christianity became commonplace, the charismatic authority identified by Augustine, a quality we might today call "religiousness", had a commanding influence at the local level. This system persisted in the Byzantine Empire following the East-West Schism, while Western Europe regulated unpredictable expressions of charisma through the Roman Catholic Church. However, as the Church lost its dominance during the Protestant Reformation and Christianity became closely tied to political structures, religion was recast as the basis of national sovereignty, and religious identity gradually became a less universal sense of spirituality and more divisive, locally defined, and tied to nationality.[15] It was at this point that "religion" was dissociated with universal beliefs and moved closer to dogma in both meaning and practice. However there was not yet the idea of dogma as personal choice, only of established churches.Religious freedomIn the Age of Enlightenment, the idea of Christianity as the purest expression of spirituality was supplanted by the concept of "religion" as a worldwide practice.[16] This caused such ideas as religious freedom, a reexamination of classical philosophy as an alternative to Christian thought, and more radically Deism among intellectuals such as Voltaire. Much like Christianity, the idea of "religious freedom" was exported around the world as a civilizing technique, even to regions like India that had never treated spirituality as a matter of political identity.[17] In Japan, where Buddhism was still seen as a philosophy of natural law,[18] the concept of "religion" and "religious freedom" as separate from other power structures was unnecessary until Christian missionaries demanded free access to conversion, and when Japanese Christians refused to engage in patriotic events.[19]With the Enlightenment religion lost its attachment to nationality, but rather than being a universal social attitude, it was now a personal feeling, or emotion.[20] Friedrich Schleiermacher in the late 18th century defined religion as das schlechthinnige Abhängigkeitsgefühl, commonly translated as "a feeling of absolute dependence".[21] His contemporary Hegel disagreed thoroughly, defining religion as "the Divine Spirit becoming conscious of Himself through the finite spirit."[22] William James is an especially notable 19th century subscriber to the theory of religion as feeling.Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are one, a painting in the litang style portraying three men laughing by a river stream, 12th century, Song DynastyModern currents in religionReligious studiesWith the recognition of religion as a category separate from culture and society came the rise of religious studies. Clifford Geertz's definition of religion as a "cultural system" was dominant for most of the 20th century and continues to be widely accepted today.Sociologists and anthropologists tend to see religion as an abstract set of ideas, values, or experiences developed as part of a cultural matrix. For example, in Lindbeck's Nature of Doctrine, religion does not refer to belief in "God" or a transcendent Absolute. Instead, Lindbeck defines religion as, "a kind of cultural and/or linguistic framework or medium that shapes the entirety of life and thought… it is similar to an idiom that makes possible the description of realities, the formulation of beliefs, and the experiencing of inner attitudes, feelings, and sentiments.”[23] According to this definition, religion refers to one's primary worldview and how this dictates one's thoughts and actions. Thus religion is considered by some sources to extend to causes, principles, or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, and not necessarily including belief in the supernatural.[24]Although evolutionists had previously sought to understand and explain religion in terms of a cultural attribute which might conceivably confer biological advantages to its adherents, Richard Dawkins called for a re-analysis of religion in terms of the evolution of self-replicating ideas apart from any resulting biological advantages they might bestow. He argued that the role of key replicator in cultural evolution belongs not to genes, but to memes replicating thought from person to person by means of imitation. These replicators respond to selective pressures that may or may not affect biological reproduction or survival.[25] Susan Blackmore regards religions as particularly tenacious memes.[26] Chris Hedges, however, regards meme theory as a misleading imposition of genetics onto psychology.Interfaith cooperationBecause religion continues to be recognized in Western thought as a universal impulse, many religious practitioners have aimed to band together in interfaith dialogue and cooperation. The first major dialogue was the Parliament of the World's Religions at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair, which remains notable even today both in affirming "universal values" and recognition of the diversity of practices among different cultures. The 20th century has been especially fruitful in use of interfaith dialogue as a means of solving ethnic, political, or even religious conflict, with Christian-Jewish reconciliation representing a complete reverse in the attitudes of many Christian communities towards Jews.Secularism and criticism of religionMain articles: Criticism of religion, Antireligion, Secularism, Agnosticism, and AtheismAs religion became a more personal matter, discussions of society found a new focus on political and scientific meaning, and religious attitudes were increasingly seen as irrelevant for the needs of the European world. On the political side, Ludwig Feuerbach recast Christian beliefs in light of humanism, paving the way for Karl Marx's famous characterization of religion as "the opiate of the masses". Meanwhile, in the scientific community, T.H. Huxley in 1869 coined the term "agnostic," a term subsequently adopted by such figures as Robert Ingersoll. Later, Bertrand Russell told the world Why I Am Not a Christian.Atheists have developed a critique of religious systems as well as personal faith. Modern-day critics focus on religion's lack of utility in human society, faulting religion as being irrational.[27] Some assert that dogmatic religions are in effect morally deficient, elevating to moral status ancient, arbitrary, and ill-informed rules—taboos on eating pork, for example, as well as dress codes and sexual practices[28]—possibly designed for reasons of hygiene or even mere politics in a bygone era.In North America and Western Europe the social fallout of the 9/11 attacks contributed in part to the appearance of numerous pro-secularist books, such as The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, The End of Faith by Sam Harris, and God is not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything by Christopher Hitchens. This criticism is largely, but not entirely, focused on the monotheistic Abrahamic traditions.Religious belief Central Asian (Tocharian) and East-Asian Buddhist monks, Bezeklik, Eastern Tarim Basin, 9th-10th centuryMain article: Religious beliefReligious belief usually relates to the existence, nature and worship of a deity or deities and divine involvement in the universe and human life. Alternately, it may also relate to values and practices transmitted by a spiritual leader. Unlike other belief systems, which may be passed on orally, religious belief tends to be codified in literate societies (religion in non-literate societies is still largely passed on orally[29]). In some religions, like the Abrahamic religions, it is held that most of the core beliefs have been divinely revealed.Religious belief can also involve causes, principles or activities believed in with zeal or conscientious devotion concerning points or matters of ethics or conscience, not necessarily limited to organized religions

To establish the system of modern learning with religious reform movement has a very close relationship, religious reformers in the no matter or from the theoretical construction of modern politics on has profound. In the research method, because the region further belief and reason, so that the rational methods in political science research in the recovery position. In the theoretical construction, national church and national influence each other and the formation of the national consciousness laid the modern national political theory starting point; Because of religious reform to promote the "personal spirit" rise, and for the modern sense of freedom, equality, democracy and the growth of the concept provides values, which affect the core of modern political theory.Keywords: politics; Religious reform; constructionIn a sense, the Pope