对外贸易英语

Foreign trade becoming balancedChina's trade surplus diminished sharply by more than 80 per cent year on year in September, moving toward a balanced trade relation with other countries and regions in the world.Statistics from the General Administration of Customs yesterday indicated that the country only recorded a US$290 million trade surplus in its foreign trade in September, down from last September's US$2.12 billion, while the trade surplus in August was US$2.79 billion with a 26 per cent year-on-year growth.The total foreign trade of the world's most populous country reached US$606 billion in the first nine months, rising 36.3 per cent.China sold US$308 billion worth of goods and services to other parts of the world, growing 32.3 per cent, while its imports grew by 40.5 per cent to US$299 billion in the period."People's minds are changing from purely pursuing big numbers in trade surpluses to achieving a balanced and healthy trade relation,'' said Song Hong, a researcher with the Institute of World Economics and Politics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences.He pointed out that the fact that import growth overtaking export growth has become a trend since China's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001.He explained that as China has been lifting import restrictions and opening its market to other countries and regions, the growth of imports has become rapid.At the same time, since many foreign-invested companies gain rights to sell products locally, they tend to import more raw materials but sell finished products in China, which also increases China's imports and reduces exports, Song added.He said the result would be a help to ease pressure from the United States to some extent.Figures from the United States Department of Commerce showed last week that its trade deficit with China had reached a record high of US$11.7 billion. The Chinese official figure was US$5.8 billion.There is usually a big difference between the figures of the two countries, due to different statistical methods.Thomas Donohoe, chairman and chief executive officer of the US Chamber of Commerce, was impressed by the increasing growth of imports in China."I am pleased that June-August numbers are achieving better growth rates,'' he said at a press conference yesterday."Our hope is that the table will be balanced and China will purchase more products and services from the United States.''Wan Jifei, chairman of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that a large portion of Chinese exports to the United States were actually made by US-invested companies in China.He also called for the US government to lift restrictions on the exports of high-tech products."We want to have more high-tech products and services, but it seems that the United States has a very tight control on exporting (those products) to China,'' Wan said.The chambers of commerce of the two countries held their first annual US-China Business Dialogue in Beijing on Tuesday and Wednesday to discuss economic and trade issues between the two countries.China's foreign trade nears $2 trillion in 1st 11 monthsChina's total foreign trade was 1.97 trillion U.S. dollars during the first 11 months of this year, up 23.6 percent from a year earlier.The amount surpassed that for all of last year, and the growth rate was 0.1 percentage points higher than the January-October period, the General Administration of Customs said on Tuesday. The total included 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars in exports, up 26.1 percent, and 865.5 billion U.S. dollars in imports, up 20.5 percent.Export growth was 0.4 percentage point less than the January-October period, while import growth was 0.6 percentage point higher.The trade surplus for the 11 months was 238.13 billion U.S. dollars, up 52.2 percent. The growth rate was 6.8 percentage points lower than the level for the first 10 months.In November alone, foreign trade went up 23.9 percent year-on-year to 208.96 billion U.S. dollars, including 117.62 billion U.S. dollars in exports, up 22.8 percent, and 91.34 billion U.S. dollars in imports, up 25.3 percent.Monthly imports exceeded 90 billion U.S. dollars for the first time.November export growth was 0.5 percentage point higher than the October level, whereas import growth was 0.2 percentage point lower.The trade surplus stood at 26.28 billion U.S. dollars in November, up 14.7 percent as against growth of 13.5 percent for October when the surplus was a record high of 27.05 billion U.S. dollars. Last year, China's trade surplus was 177.5 billion U.S. dollars.The statistics indicate that the government's macro-economic control efforts have begun to pay off, said Zhang Yansheng, head of the research institute of foreign trade and economic cooperation under the National Development and Reform Commission.China increased export duties for 142 commodities on June 1, including a 5- to 10-percent tariff on steel products. A month later, the government ended tax rebates for 553 export items and slashed incentives for 2,268 items. Meanwhile, the government encouraged imports of energy, resources and key parts.The moves were intended to restrict exports of energy-consuming products or those causing serious pollution, as well as to balance imports and exports, Zhang said."Price rises also contributed to trade growth," said Mei Xiyu, an analyst with the research institute of the Ministry of Commerce.According to the customs administration, the European Union, the United States and Japan were China's top three trade partners in the first 11 months.Between January and November, China-EU trade was 322.75 billion U.S. dollars, up 27.3 percent, China-U.S. trade, 276.21 billion dollars, up 15.7 percent, and China-Japan trade, 213.83 billion U.S. dollars, up 14 percent.The 11 months saw China export 634.06 billion U.S. dollars worth of machines and electronics, up 27.8 percent, and import 150 million tons of oil, up 12.5 percent and 46.68 million tons of coal, up 38.5 percent."It takes time for China to slow its sizzling exports," Zhang said."Since 2000, manufacturing has quickened the pace of its shift to China, with foreign investment concentrating on export-oriented businesses. The result was a boom in processing trade.Meanwhile, strong demand from neighboring emerging markets and the largely stable American economy also helped buoy China's foreign sales," Zhang added. 11 (Xinhua)Chinas Foreign TradeDuring the Tenth Five-Year Planning, foreign trade of China maintained a rapid development, and strategies of rejuvenating foreign trade through science and technology, winning by quality and going global made new progresses. The gradual improvement of structure of foreign trade, quality and efficiency made an outstanding contribution to the economic and social development.1, Imports and exports developed with a high speed. During the Tenth Five-Year Planning, China's foreign trade went to a new stage and accomplished a historical leap, established the place of a big trading country. From 2001 to 2005, the annual average increase rate of foreign trade was 24.6%, the highest record of foreign trade development since the reform and opening up and much higher than that of global trade and of Chinese economy in the same period. Imports and exports in 2004 broke through US$1 trillion and amounted to US$1.1546 trillion, becoming the third country that trade value of goods exceeded US$1 trillion. Besides, imports and exports in 2005 maintained a growth rate of over 20% and total value hit US$1.4221 trillion.2, Structure of imports and exports was improved step by step. From 2001 to 2005, total exports were close to US$2.4 trillion. Share of industrial products exports in total exports increased from 90.1% to 93.6%, and of electromechanical and hi-tech products rose from 44.6% and 17.5% to 56% and 28.6% respectively, up by 2.6 and 3.7 times. Meanwhile, exports of agricultural products, textile, chemical products and major light products were up by 73.4%, 120.4%, 173.7% and 105.2% respectively. In the same period, total imports reached US$2.2 trillion, share of primary products imports increased from 18.8% to 22.4%, and imports of agricultural products, raw material of textile products, base metal and mineral products were up by 154.7%, 41.6%, 174.6% and 276.3% respectively.3, Strategy of rejuvenating foreign trade through science and technology made a positive progress. From 2001 to 2005, contract value of introduced technology were about US$73 billion, and there were over 240 enterprises with exports of hi-tech products exceeding US$100 million, forming a promotion system of rejuvenating foreign trade through science and technology with 20 cities, 25 bases, 12 categories of commodities and 1000 enterprises. Number and value of introduced technology contracts in 2005 hit the highest historical level.4, Various kinds of trading forms developed together. From 2001 to 2005, imports and exports by conventional trade and processing trade increased by 1.6 and 1.9 times respectively, and amounted to US$594.8 billion and US$690.5 billion respectively in 2005. Strategy of "Bring in" and "Going Global" developed with a high speed, China totally attracted US$266.9 billion foreign investment within 5 years, foreign investment enterprises played a more important role in imports and exports, and the proportion went up from 50.8% to 58.5%. In 2005, China newly established 440 thousand foreign investment enterprises with actual use of foreign investment of US$60.3 billion, which drove up the exports.5, Pattern of diversification of foreign trade entities had come into shape. After the entry into WTO, China expedited the release of rights of imports and exports. On Jan. 1, 2004, Measures on Registration of Foreign Trade Operators and newly revised Foreign Trade Law were published and implemented at the same time, helping collective and private enterprises to enter into distribution area and honored WTO commitment half a year ahead of schedule . From 2001 to 2005, number of domestic enterprise that obtaining the rights of imports and exports increased from 450 thousand to more than 200 thousand, imports and exports of foreign investment enterprises and private enterprises were up by 1.9 and 5 times. Share of private enterprises in total imports increased from 4.7% in 2001 to 15.8% in 2005.6, Market diversification obtained new progresses. During the period from 2001 to 2005, proportion of Chinese imports and exports at traditional markets like America, Japan and EU was down from 48.8% to 43.1% but at new markets up from 13.4% to 18.7%, and at Africa and Latin America up from 2.2% and 2.7% to 2.8% and 3.6% respectively.7, In 4 years after China's entry into WTO, domestic major industries did not greatly affected. Within the 4 years after the entry into WTO, Chinese economy maintained a momentum of steady and rapid development, made an obvious effect in macro control, unsteady and unhealthy factors in the process of economic operation was controlled. Major industries developed steadily, industrial structure optimized gradually and international competitiveness improved obviously, which further enhanced the influence of global economy. Besides, domestic market operated steadily, counter-measures in automobile, refinery and petrochemical industry in the transition period was powerful, Chinese major industries was slightly influenced by imported productsForeign trade expected to grow 15 to 20% in 2006The growth rate of China's foreign trade in 2006 may not be as rapid as last year's but it is still expected to increase between 15 percent and 20 percent, an official with the Ministry of Commerce said.The total volume of imports and exports will reach 1.63 trillion to 1.7 trillion U.S. dollars in 2006, according to Lu Jianhua, director of the Foreign Trade Department under the Ministry of Commerce.China's foreign trade volume totaled 1.4 trillion U.S. dollars in 2005, up 23.2 percent over the previous year, statistics from the General Administration of Customs show.The country's exports amounted to 762 billion U.S. dollars last year, up 28.4 percent year on year; and imports were 660.12 billion U.S. dollars, a rise of 17.6 percent.China will continue to witness a large trade surplus this year,which will probably be lower than last year's, Lu said.Rocketing exports helped China post a trade surplus of 101.9 billion U.S. dollars in 2005, an increase of 69.9 billion dollars from 2004.Lu listed some unfavorable factors that may affect China's foreign trade growth in 2006. These include the unbalanced development of the global economy, increasing trade friction, continued growth of the U.S. trade deficit and fluctuations of global exchange rates and trade policies.He expected China's exporters will face overseas anti-dumping and anti-subsidy cases involving more than 5 billion U.S. dollarsin 2006.New trade disputes between China and the United States, the European Union will probably occur in textiles, auto parts, home appliances, chemical products and steel and iron products, he said.China still faces a serious oversupply problem domestically, requiring many industries to find more export channels for their over-stocked commodities, he said.A recent survey by the ministry shows that supply of 430 types of goods, 71.7 percent of the sample survey, exceeds the demand on the Chinese market, while supply of 170 other goods remains stable and equal to demand.Despite these unfavorable factors, China's foreign trade growth will continue to be the main driving force behind the economy, Lu said.The world economy is expected to grow about 4.3 percent this year, and the demand from international markets will continue to expand along with China's exports, he said.Lu suggests Chinese companies enhance their technological innovation as well as research and development in order to beat competition in lower- cost countries.Chinese companies should follow the international rules and use international rules to protect their own interests in dealing with international trade disputes, he said.

FOB CIF CNF 这是最基本的其他的一些英语在往后的工作中都能遇到！

出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格条件 价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港port of shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight 交货条件 交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt 提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\\L 选择港（任意港）optional port 选港费optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account 一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment 在......(时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots 在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots 分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments 分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments 立即装运 immediate shipments 即期装运 prompt shipments 收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable 交易磋商、合同签订 订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking 电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer 递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm 还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer 发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价） inquiry; enquiry 交易磋商、合同签订 指示性价格 price indication 速复 reply immediately 参考价 reference price 习惯做法 usual practice 交易磋商 business negotiation 不受约束 without engagement 业务洽谈 business discussion 限**复 subject to reply ** 限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity 有效至**: valid till ** 购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同 sales contract 购货确认书 purchase confirmation 销售确认书 sales confirmation 一般交易条件 general terms and conditions 以未售出为准 subject to prior sale 需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation 需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation 贸易方式 INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment 招标invitation of tender 投标submission of tender 一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent 代理协议agency agreement 累计佣金accumulative commission 补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade （又叫：往返贸易） counter trade 来料加工processing on giving materials 来料装配assembling on provided parts 独家经营/专营权exclusive right 独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement 独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent 品质条件 品质 quality 原样 original sample 规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample 说明 description 对等样品 countersample 标准 standard type 参考样品 reference sample 商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample 宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance 货号 article No. 花色（搭配） assortment 样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus 代表性样品 representative sample 大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality 商检仲裁 索赔 claim 争议disputes 罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration 不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal 产地证明书certificate of origin 品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity 重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate 数量条件 个数 number 净重 net weight 容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net 体积 volume 皮重 tare 毛重 gross weight 溢短装条款 more or less clause 外 汇 外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 devaluation 外币 foreign currency 法定升值 revaluation 汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate 国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency 直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency 间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold standard 买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation 卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate 金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points 铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system 国际货币基金 international monetary fund 黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve 汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuatio

一共有三种解释，但大部分场合解释意思是：交付日期（交货日期）1、POD全称proof of day ，fob术语卖方负责出口通关，船舷交货，确定货物准备完毕后确定交货日期 然后买方才能租船订舱。2、还有解释是proof of delivery 签收单号3、POD:PORT OF DISCHARGE 卸货港 拓展资料：对外贸易亦称“国外贸易”或“进出口贸易”，是指一个国家（地区）与另一个国家（地区）之间的商品和劳务的交换。这种贸易由进口和出口两个部分组成。对运进商品或劳务的国家（地区）来说，就是进口；对运出商品或劳务的国家（地区）来说，就是出口。这在奴隶社会和封建社会就开始产生和发展，到资本主义社会，发展更加迅速。其性质和作用由不同的社会制度所决定。改革开放前，中国对外贸易实行指令性计划管理和国家统负盈亏。改革开放以来，中国外贸体制经历了由指令性计划管理到发挥市场机制的基础性作用、由经营权高度垄断到全面放开、由企业吃国家“大锅饭”到自主经营和自负盈亏的转变。改革开放初期，中国外贸体制改革主要是改革单一计划管理体制，下放外贸管理权和经营权，实行外汇留成制度并建立外汇调剂市场。吸收外商直接投资，使外商投资企业作为新的经营主体进入外贸领域，打破了国有外贸企业的垄断。此后，中国推行了外贸经营承包制，用指导性计划逐步取代指令性计划。按照国际贸易通行规则，建立了出口退税制度。1992年10月，中国明确提出建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标。1994年1月，中国政府取消对出口的所有财政补贴，进出口企业转变为完全自负盈亏。人民币官方汇率与市场调剂汇率并轨，实行以市场供求为基础、单一的、有管理的浮动汇率制度。外贸经营领域进行了企业股份化和进出口代理制试点。同年，《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》正式颁布实施，确立了维护公平、自由的对外贸易秩序等原则，奠定了对外贸易的基本法律制度。1996年12月，中国实现了人民币经常项目下可兑换。与此同时，中国多次大幅度自主降低关税，减少配额和许可证等非关税措施。2001年12月11日，历经16年谈判，中国成为世界贸易组织第143个成员。

外贸方面的英语.包括外贸函电,BEC等.