简爱作者英文简介

夏洛蒂.勃朗特-《简 爱》艾米莉.勃朗特-《呼啸山庄》安妮.勃朗特-《艾格尼斯 格雷》并称为勃朗特三姐妹。

Charlotte Brontë (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. Life and worksCharlotte Brontë was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, the third of six children, to Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. In April 1820 the family moved to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to the care of her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). Its poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development, and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in 1825 soon after they were removed from the school. At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children — Branwell, Emily, and Anne — were influenced by their father's library of Walter Scott, Byron, Tales of the Genii and The Arabian Nights. They began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote stories about their country — Angria — and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs — Gondal. The sagas were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in part manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest in childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood. Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head school in Mirfield from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a career she pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger (1809–1896) and his wife Claire Zoë Parent Heger (1804–1890). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the pensionnat. Her second stay at the pensionnat was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick, and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette. In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Although the book failed to attract interest (only two copies were sold) the sisters decided to continue writing for publication and began work on their first novels. Charlotte continued to use the name 'Currer Bell' when she published her first two novels. Cover page of the first edition of Jane EyreHer novels are: Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published 1849 Villette, published 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre and rejected by many publishing houses, was published posthumously in 1857 Her novels were deemed coarse by the critics. Much speculation took place as to who Currer Bell really was, and whether Bell was a man or a woman. Charlotte's brother, Branwell, the only son of the family, died of chronic bronchitis and marasmus exacerbated by heavy drinking, in September 1848, although Charlotte believed his death was due to tuberculosis. Emily and Anne both died of pulmonary tuberculosis in December 1848 and May 1849, respectively. Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, 1873Charlotte and her father were now left alone. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side. In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but there is a school of thought that suggests she may have died from her excessive vomiting caused by severe morning sickness in the early stages of pregnancy. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bronte household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England. The posthumous biography by Elizabeth Gaskell, for a long time a standard source on her life, has been much criticised by feminists such as Elaine Showalter, for suppressing details of Charlotte's life and her apparently passionate nature.

夏绿蒂·勃朗特的成名作《简爱》英国的charlotte browntie夏洛蒂·勃朗特：《简爱》勃朗特，C.（1816～1855）英国女小说家。艾米莉·勃朗特之姐。出生在英格兰北部约克郡一个与世隔 绝的村子里。父亲是个穷牧师。她曾和其他几个姐妹一起被送进一家生活条件恶劣、教规严厉的寄宿学校读书。夏洛蒂当过教师和家庭教师，也曾与妹妹艾米莉一起于1842年去比利时布鲁塞尔学习法语和古典文学。 夏洛蒂的作品主要描写贫苦的小资产者的孤独、反抗和奋斗，属于被马克思称为以狄更斯为首的“出色的一派”。《简·爱》是她的处女作，也是代表作，至今仍受到广大读者的欢迎。

简爱《简·爱》1847是一部自传成分很浓的小说，虽然书中的故事是虚构的，但是女主人公以及其他许多人物的生活、环境，甚至许多生活细节，都是取自作者及其周围人的真实经验。作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所寄宿学校。在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，在荒凉的约克郡山区度过了童年。15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，但因不能忍受贵妇人、阔小姐对家庭教师的歧视和刻薄，放弃了家庭教师的谋生之路。她曾打算自办学校，为此她在姨母的资助下与艾米利一起去意大利进修法语和德语。然而由于没有人来就读，学校没能办成。但是她在意大利学习的经历激发了她表现自我的强烈愿望，促使她投身于文学创作的道路。 《简·爱》写于1846年，是夏洛蒂的第二部小说。她借一个出身寒微的年轻女子奋斗的经历，抒发了自己胸中的积愫，深深打动了当时的读者。小说于1847年秋以柯勒·贝尔的笔名发表，随即在次年又相继两次再版。这位名不见经传的作者，夏洛蒂·勃朗特，由此进入英国著名小说家的行列。 《简·爱》的独特之处不仅在于小说的真实性和强烈的感染力，还在于小说塑造了一个不屈于世俗压力，独立自主，积极进取的女性形象。小说中简·爱对罗切斯特的爱情故事，生动地展现了的那火一样的热情和赤诚的心灵，强烈地透露出她的爱情观。她蔑视权贵的骄横，嘲笑他们的愚蠢，显示出自强自立的人格和美好的理想。她大胆地爱自己所爱，然而当她发现自己所爱之人还有妻子的时候，又毅然离开她所留恋的人和地方。小说表达出的思想，即妇女不甘于社会指定她们的地位而要求在工作上以至婚姻上独立平等的思想，在当时不同凡响，对英国文坛也是一大震动。小说的虚构结尾，描写简爱获得一笔遗产，回到孤独无助的罗切斯特身边。这一情节虽然值得推敲，但是它显露出作者的理想—女性在经济、社会地位以及家庭中的独立平等以及对爱情的忠贞不移。 在写作风格上，夏洛蒂也独树一帜。她文笔简洁而传神，质朴而生动，加之第一人称的叙述语言，使得小说贴近读者，贴近现实。同时，小说又体现了欧洲浪漫主义文学传统的特点，显示出作者丰富的想象力和诗人的气质。作者在叙述中自然地使用了梦境、幻觉、预感和象征、隐喻等手法，使小说的“自然”境界扑朔朦胧，情节扣人心弦。 在当今文坛中，有人批评小说缺乏对社会现实更理智而深刻的分析。在对疯女人的描写中，过多地追求“哥特式小说”的神秘气氛而减弱了表现现实的真实性。在对牧师圣约翰的描写上，美化他献身基督教的传道事业，而掩盖了殖民主义者文化侵略的性质。小说中所表现的这些局限性的成因很复杂，有的是受作者本人的阅历所限她只活了39岁，有的是因作品本身形式的特点而定，而有的则是由于历史的局限性所至。总之，一百多年来，《简·爱》的影响不衰，作家、评论家对它的热情不成。它至今仍然是广大读者喜爱的书。夏洛蒂·勃朗特，英文名是Charlotte Brontë 勃朗特，C.（1816～1855）英国女小说家。艾米莉·勃朗特之姐。出生在英格兰北部约克郡一个与世隔 绝的村子里。父亲是个穷牧师。她曾和其他几个姐妹一起被送进一家生活条件恶劣、教规严厉的寄宿学校读书。夏洛蒂当过教师和家庭教师，也曾与妹妹艾米莉一起于1842年去比利时布鲁塞尔学习法语和古典文学。

简爱的作者是夏洛蒂·勃朗特。

1、英文

Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855), an English novelist, was born in a poor priest's family. She studied in boarding school and became a successor teacher and family teacher.

In 1847, Charlotte Bronte published the famous novel Jane Eyre, which stirred the literary world.

From the autumn of 1848 to 1849, her brother and two sisters died one after another.

Under the shadow and perplexity of death, she persisted in completing Shelley, expressing her sorrow for her sister Emily, and describing the early spontaneous worker movement in England.

He died of illness on 31 March 1855 at the age of 39.

His representative works include Jane Eyre, Shelly and Willett.

2、中文

夏洛蒂·勃朗特（1816-1855年），英国小说家，生于贫苦的牧师家庭，曾在寄宿学校学习，后任教师和家庭教师。

1847年，夏洛蒂·勃朗特出版著名的长篇小说《简·爱》，轰动文坛。

1848年秋到1849年她的弟弟和两个妹妹相继去世。在死亡的阴影和困惑下，她坚持完成了《谢利》一书，寄托了她对妹妹艾米莉的哀思，并描写了英国早期自发的工人运动。

1855年3月31日病逝，年仅39岁。

代表作品有《简·爱》、《谢利》、《维莱特》等。

扩展资料：

夏洛蒂写作的宗旨不是为艺术而艺术，不为自娱或取悦于少数有闲者。她坚持作家的社会职责，坚持文学的社会功能。她强烈反对不道德的文学艺术，在这种宗旨下夏洛蒂恪守现实主义的创作方法。

夏洛蒂·勃朗特善于利用当时现实生活中所提供的题材与人物，正确表现了那个时代的大事件，作品富有时代的新气息，新色彩，既发议论又抒了情，写活了人；

有些章节时而沉郁悲凉，时而激昂慷慨，说明这些都是作者的真情流露，都是她所强烈感受过、感动过的，也是她深刻观察到了的真情。

夏洛蒂擅长描写景物，擅长刻画人物肖像和心理活动。写景写人总是互相结合，互相衬托，情景交融，相映成趣。

对于艺术创造，夏洛蒂有自己的独到见解，她认为文学需要内在的激情和创造性，艺术不是机械的技巧模仿。她崇尚内心燃烧着精神火焰的人，并将其引为同类。

夏洛蒂的小说作品表现的是孤独、卑微的个人在现实中的痛苦和挣扎，但是她的内心始终洋溢着入世的、酷爱生活的人文精神。

参考资料来源：百度百科——夏洛蒂·勃朗特