英语的时态讲解

1、一般现在时：主语+do/does(现在分词)

2、一般过去时：主语+did

3、现在进行时：主语+am/is/are doing

4、过去进行时：was/were doing

5、现在完成时：have/has done

6、过去完成时：had done

7、一般将来时：will do/

8、过去将来时：was/were to /would do

语法时态：

在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。

时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。

有些语言，没有时态的使用，如分析语的中文，但必要时，仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言，如日文，形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯，有着类似动词的时态性质。还有些语言，如俄文，一个单词就能表现出时态和体貌。

时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。以下是我整理的英语语法16种时态讲解，希望对大家 英语学习 有所帮助。英语语法时态讲解：一般现在时 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。) D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. (下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。) How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?) F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份 报告 的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。) 英语语法时态讲解：现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 英语语法时态讲解：现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have twohouses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified bythe work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) arechallenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。 例：John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。) 注意事项：A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。 例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。) He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。) B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。 例：My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续) My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词) C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。 例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in theInternational Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。) D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。 例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。) E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。 例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。) 英语语法时态讲解：现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。) 注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。 例：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apartto put it right. A) had leakedB) is leaking C) leaked D) has been leaking 从本题上下文看，这两个 句子 的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的 措施 。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for sometime，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。 英语语法时态讲解：一般过去时 用法：A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。 例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doinganything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。) He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。) C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。 例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用，可以吗?) Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?) 注意事项：A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。 B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。 Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或 过去曾经"，要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。 英语语法时态讲解：过去完成时(had done) 用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。 Until then, his family _________ from him for six months. A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard 全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。 其它 选项中：A) didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for sixmonths连用。B) hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C) hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。 注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end onthe floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。) 分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。 英语语法时态讲解：过去将来时(would/ should do) 用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天 拜访 我的朋友。) 注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。 英语语法时态讲解：过去进行时(was/ were doing) 用法：A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。) B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。 例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)。 注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时 英语语法时态讲解：一般将来时 用法：A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。) B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。) C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。) D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。) E) "be to do"的5种用法： a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。) b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。) c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may) 例：How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?) d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。 e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should) 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been 答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。” F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。) 例：I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on 答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。” 注意事项： 在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。 例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。) 英语语法时态讲解：将来进行时(will be doing) 用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at thattime.(别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。) 注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。 英语语法时态讲解： 将来完成时(will have done) 用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。 例： The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends. A) must have lastedB) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted 本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by thetime it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。 注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。 英语语法时态讲解： 将来完成进行时 shall have been doing ，will have been doing 例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态) 英语语法时态讲解： 过去完成进行时 had been doing 例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态) 英语语法时态讲解： 过去将来进行时 should be doing , would be doing 例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态) 英语语法时态讲解： 过去将来完成时 should have done , would have done 例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have beendeveloped, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态) 英语语法时态讲解：过去将来完成进行时 should have been doing , would have been doing 例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being workedfor 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。) 猜你喜欢： 1. 英语几种时态的知识点 2. 六级英语语法 3. 英语语法讲座英语语法详解 4. 16种英语时态总结归纳 5. 16种时态的用法口诀

英语八大时态英语动词的时态 1． 一般现在时 一般现在时的形式 是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or -es, 其构成方式列表如下： 情况 构成 例词 一般情况 词尾加-s Reads, writes 以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词 词尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses, fixes, goes 以辅音字母+Y 结尾的词 变Y为I,再加-es Tries, carries 但是,动词to be 和to have 的一般现在时的形式特殊如下： 一般动词的词形变化 To be 的词形变化 To have 的词形变化 I know it I am a student I have a pen. You know it. You are a student You have a pen He (she) knows it. He (she) is a student. He (she)has a pen. We (you,they) know it. We (you,they) are students. We (you,they) have pens. 一般现在时的功用 1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作： Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Excuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 o’clock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing. 2. 表示客观事实或者真理： Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun. 3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如： What time does the film begin? The football match starts at 8 o’clock. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如： Where do you come from? I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人. Where do you come from? I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人?我是广州人. 5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如： What does that notice say? What does Ann say in her letter? She says she’s coming to Beijing next week. Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.” 莎士比亚说：“既不要向人借钱,也不要借钱给别人.” 一般过去时 一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态,它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一. 1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式： 规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked 以字母e结尾的规则动词,只加-d: to love---loved 对所有人称均无词形变化. 否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成 I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形 构成 拼写注意： 情况 变化 例词 动词为单音节,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit-admitted 以y结尾的动词,在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 - ed Carry -carriedHurry -hurried 以y 结尾的动词,在y 前为元音字母时 加-ed Obey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed 在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的,这类动词被称为不规则动词.总数大概不过200多个,但是使用频率很高.主要分成三类： 1》 第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形,如： cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 注意,有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式,如： bet bet / betted bet / betted wed wed / wedded wed / wedded wet wet / wetted wet / wetted 2》 第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形,如： bend bent bent bring brought brought catch caught caught hide hid hid / hidden get got got/ gotten(AmE) lead led led 3》 第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同,如： 原形 过去式 过去分词 begin began begun break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden grow grew grown ring rang rung wake woke / waked woken / waked 此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同,如： come came come become became become run ran run 一般过去时的功用 1） 表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如： He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间,但是现在不在那里工作了). They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing? 2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动,如： When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University. Where have you been? I’ve been to the opera. Did you enjoy it? 3) 表示过去的习惯 He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine. 现在完成时 现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 否定疑问式 I have worked I have not worked Have I worked? Have I not worked? You have worked You havenot worked Have you worked? Have you not worked? He (she)has worked. He(she)has not worked. Has he(she) worked? Has he(she) not worked? We(you / they) have worked. We (you / they) have not worked. Have we (you / they) worked? Have we (you / they) not worked? 紧缩形式 现在完成时的功用 现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态.它与现在有密切联系,如： ------Oh,dear, I’ve forgotten her name. 和现在的联系就是 I don’t remember her name now. ------Fort has gone to Canada. 和现在的联系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now. 1) 表示延续到现在的动作 （有时是总计做了多少次等）. How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times. Tom has lived in Now York all his life. 2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动,如： I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了.（说话时刻已经见到了） This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了) 3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,如： The window has broken. 4) 和最高级连用,表示到现在为止是最……的 What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen. Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read. 5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用,如： This is the first time he has driven a car. (相当于 he has never driven a car before.) Is this the first time you’ve been in hospital? Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. It’s the second time he has lost it. 6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副词连用,如： Have you ever eaten French cheese? We have never had a private car. Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止) Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch. Don’t forget to mail the letter, will you? I’ve already mailed it. (already 表示比预料的要快) 7）与since 连用,since 表示与某一时刻或从句连用,表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”,它总是与完成时连用,如： She has been here since 6 o’clock. He hasn’t been himself since the accident. （那次事故后,他从未完全康复） Since I was a child I have lived in England. 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 1） 过去时仅仅表示过去,现在完成时还表示与现在的关系,如： He has lost his key. He lost his key. 2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时 The Chinese invented printing. Shakespear wrote Hamlet. 3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间,就不能用现在完成时,如： Did you see the film on television last night? Tom lost his key yesterday. 询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时（when , what time, where）, when , what time, where）, 用一般过去时,如： What time did they arrive? When and where were you born? 比较： Have you see Ann this moring? ( 说话时仍为上午) Did you see Ann this morning? ( 说话时为下午) Jack has lived in London for six years. 还在伦敦住 Jack lived in London for six years. 先不住伦敦了 I have never played golf in my life. I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer. 现在进行时 现在进行时是由助动词to be 的现在时 + 现在分词构成： 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working. I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working. Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working? 现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加-ing, 但是应该注意： 情况 变化 例词 动词以单个e 结尾 去掉e, 加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing 动词以 -ee结尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing 动词为单音节：以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping 动词为双音节或者多音节：最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母 + 单一辅音字母结尾 辅音字母双写,再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting 以 y 结尾的动词 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying 现在进行时的功用 1） 表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作 Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying. Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more. 2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作 Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的. 3）表示最近的确定的安排 Ann is coming tomorrow. Oh, is she? What time is she arriving? At 10:15. Are you meeting her at the station? I can’t. I’m working tomorrow morning. 以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式来表示.但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的限制.在此,切不可用will, 如： Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married. 4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如： Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always doing homework. 有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时.例如,我们一般不说 I am knowing, 而说 I know. 常见的这类动词有： want like hate know see hear believe understand seem think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （拥有）belong To understand is to accept. 理解就是接受 Do you like Beijing? Do you see the rainbow? I remember him very well. I think I understand what he wants. 一般现在时和现在进行时的比较 一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情 现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如： Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的? What are you doing here? 你在这里干什么? 一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如： My parents live in Shanghai. They have been there for 50 years. She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment. 过去进行时 过去进行时的构成形式为： I / he /she was We / they / you were + 动词的现在分词 过去进行时的功用 1） 表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作,如： When I rang him up, he was having dinner. This time last year I was living in Shanghai. What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? 2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用,表示在一个动作发生的过程中,发生了另一个动作,如： It was raining when I got up. I fell asleep when I was watching television. 3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的,而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成,如： Tom was cooking the dinner. Tom cooked the dinner. 现在完成进行时 其构成形式如下： I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下： 1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如： Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如： It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如： She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如： Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 过去将来时 构成 一般过去将来时是由"should/would + 动词原形"构成的. He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 昨天他问我什么时候动身去巴黎. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. 他们想知道怎样才能早一点儿完成家庭作业. 用法 一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态. ①一般过去将来时常用于间接引语中 He said they would arrange a party. 他说他们将安排一个晚会. I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. 我问他是否来帮我修电视机. ②一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 如果我有机会出国学习的话,我就会去剑桥大学. I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight. 今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了. 过去将来时间其他表达法 ①was/were going to + 动词原形 He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired. 他说他退休后要住在农村. They thought it was going to rain. 他们认为天要下雨了. ②was/were + 动词-ing形式 Nobody knew whether the guests were coming. 没人知道客人们是否要来. I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes. 我被告知火车几分钟后就要开了. ③was/were + 动词不定式 She said she was to clean the classroom after school. 她说她放学后要打扫教室. It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtse River. 据报道长江上将要再建一座大桥. 注意： "was/were going to + 动词原形"或"was/were +动词不定式完成式"可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作. Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 上星期天我们本想去游览长城的,但却下雨了.（没有去成） I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before. 我是打算帮忙演出的,但前天我感冒了.（没有帮上忙） ④was/were about to do "was/were about to do"表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作. I felt something terrible was about to happen. 我觉得有可怕的事要发生了. ⑤was/were on the point of doing I'm glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高兴你来了.我正准备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了. 提示： "be about to do" 和 "be on the point of doing"结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接when引导的分句. I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 我正要动身天突然下雨了. 一般将来时 A. will, shall表示一般将来时 一般将来时由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成.一般来说,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称.但在现代英语中,shall常被will 所代替,可以说I will go和 We will go. 一般将来时的用法 1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用.如next week, tomorrow, this evening, in a month, after class, very soon等.如： I will go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午我要去游泳. 2. 表示将来经常发生的动作.如： From now on, I will come for the newspaper every Monday. 从现在起我将每星期一来取报纸. B. be going to表示一般将来时 “be going to + 动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事. 句式 句型 例句 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are going to + 动词原形 +其他 I’m going to play football this afternoon. 今天下午我打算踢足球. 否定句 主语 + am / is / are + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 The boys aren’t going to stay at home and watch TV tomorrow. 那些男孩子们明天不准备呆在家里看电视. 一般疑问句 Am / Is / Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 +其他? Are they going to swim this afternoon? 他们今天下午要去游泳吗?