茎干英文

stem is the body of plantsroot is the parts of plants which is underground.stem是干，茎 root是根部

1. The root is the primary lexical unit of a word, and carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.2. In linguistics, a stem is a part of a word, to which affixes can be attached.例如friendships中 root是friend。friendship和friendships都是stem。

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干细胞(stem cell，SC)的“干"，译自英文“stem”，意为“茎干”，“干”和"起源”。干细胞群的功能即为控制和维持细胞的再生。 一般来说，在干细胞和其终末分化的子代细胞之间存在着被称为“定向祖细胞”的中间祖细

胞群，它们具有有限的扩增能力和限制性分化潜能。这些细胞群的功能是增加干细胞每次分裂后产生的分化细胞的数量。干细胞具有自我更新的能力，但是干细胞的分裂实际上是相对不对称的 [1]  。

虽然在形态学和分子生物学水平上干细胞的结构意义能帮助定义干细胞，但是干细胞的定义仍必须是建立在功能性的基础上的。从功能上讲，干细胞是具有多向分化潜能、自我更新能力的细胞，是处于细胞系起源顶端的最原始细胞，在体内能够分化产生某种特定组织类型的细胞。对于单细胞来讲，对这个定义进行严格限制是很重要的。 尤其是在复杂的器官中，为了区别干细胞和其他各种类型的祖细胞，对其进行功能上的区分可能更精确和必要。 因为干细胞和祖细胞的定义是由其是否具有自我更新能力所决定的。干细胞一旦分化为祖细胞后就失去了自我更新的能力，出现对称性的有丝分裂，祖细胞的数量只有通过干细胞的增殖分化来补充，但是祖细胞仍然保持高度的增殖能力，就造血干祖细胞而言，各系造血过程中细胞的大量扩增主要依靠造血祖细胞的增殖 [1]  。

在成体的器官中，干细胞可以通过不断分裂来修复组织，或者是像在哺乳动物脑组织中那样处于静止的状态。干细胞在其发育期间能够通过对称性地分裂以扩增它们的数量，或者通过非对称性分裂进行自我更新和产生更多不同分化类型的祖细胞

树干的英文是trunk

词汇解析：

trunk 核心词汇

英 [trʌŋk]   美 [trʌŋk]

n. 树干；(汽车后部)行李箱；大箱子；象鼻；躯干

(复)trunks: 男用运动裤.

The branch has separated from the trunk of the tree.

这个树枝已从树干上脱落了。

trunk call 长途电话

trunk line 干线

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同近义词——

stem 核心词汇

英 [stem]   美 [stem]

n. 柄；茎；干；船首

vi. 起源于

vt. 抽去 ... 的梗；给 ... 装柄；逆 ... 而行；阻止，遏制

Don't eat the stem of a mushroom.

不要吃蘑菇的梗。

verb stem 动词词干

on a stem 在茎上

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