其次 ,阅读理解文章的题材和体裁也更加多样化 ,更贴近生活。每份试题中至少有十几个单词标中文注释 ,除此之外 ,还有一些课本里没有出现过的词需要学生从文章的上下文中去猜词义。另外 ,近几年来高考英语阅读理解试题中增加了“搜寻信息”的考查内容。例如 ,1996 年试题 E阅读给出了 3 个赛事的通知 ,其后的第 70 小题就是这方面的考查内容:If youwant to find something to do for Saturday afternoon ,which telephone number will you call ?总的来说 ,高考英语篇章阅读理解试题对
Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成,意为“海草”)
Invariably the background was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly 构成,意为“不可改变地”)
You’ll be punished if you desert rubbish everywhere. (desert 由名词 desert 转化而成,意为“丢弃”)
② 根据上下文的语境猜测词义:我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds. (由 devour 与后面动词 kill的并列结构得知 devour 意为“毁坏”)
Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesn’t decay. (根据 but 的反义结构可知 decay 意为“腐烂”)
③ 根据常识猜测词义:我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词。
His name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he finally became Emperor of France. (由常识“拿破仑是法国的皇帝”可知 Emperor 意为“皇帝”)
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的'意义可看出 alpinist 意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)
(2) 分析理解长而难的句子:英语文章中,有时为了使表达准确、语言严谨,往往采用插入语、分隔结构、倒装结构、同位结构、省略结构、分词结构及 it 的句型再加上并列复合句、主从复合句,使句子很长而结构纷繁复杂,给阅读理解带来了很大的困难。然而,考生们不要慌张,对于这类句子应从句子的层次入手,先抓主句的主干,即:主、谓、宾、补、状,再理清其枝叶,即从句及其他修饰成分。如:
It is animals and plants that lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt(淤泥) have been continuously deposited(沉积), that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
这个句子是由 and 连接两个强调句型的并列句。第 1 个并列句子的主句为:It is animals and plants that lived in or near water,它的后面带了一个原因状语从句:for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial,而句子中whose所引导的句子是一个定语从句,隔位修饰前面的animals and plants 而不是 water;第 2 个并列句子的主句为:it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved,而 where 所引导的句子为定语从句,对前面的the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes 进行修饰。
These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (大家知道,自行车轮胎若粘满了泥沙,车就不能前进,那么,put sand in the wheels of trade 就意味着“阻碍贸易的进行”)
相关词语分为两大类:其一是关键词,即名词、动词、数词和形容词等实词,根据这些词语就能够看出句子或文章的主要内容;其二是信息词,即情态动词(may, must, can, have to等),副词(yet, however, therefore, otherwise,carefully, seriously 等)、连词(but, while, though, if 等)等虚词和短语(as if / though, on the contrary, by contrast, even if / though, in spite of 等),根据这些词语就能够推断出文章中人物的精神状态或作者的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度及文章的逻辑关系。
It’s time for class = It’s time to have class= It’s time that we have class.
Not all the students like sports = Not every student likes sports.
When he heard the cry for help ,he ran out immediately. = Hearing the cry for help , he dashed out. = On hearing the cry for help ,he ran out at once.
c长句子:有些同学从句掌握的不好 ,遇到长句子 ,尤其是从句中套从句的句子 ,读起来比较困难。
如2000 年高考试题阅读理解的第三篇:“Decision - think - ing is not unlike poker ──it often matters not only what you think ,but also what others you think and what you think they think you think.”在这一段 30 个词的句子中think 出现了七次。往往需要读几遍才能读懂这样时间就用的比较多 ,在时间有限的情况下 ,就会出现没有真正看懂而不得不做题的情况因此 ,抓好基础知识的落实就显得非常重要。
d 平时训练:平时训练对自己要有一定的要求。阅读文章的长度 ,生词量等方面应该与高考的要求基本一致。至少不能低于高考的难度。在阅读的速度上也应从严要求自己 ,否则不可能在高考时正常发挥。