控制传染源英文

写作思路：确立中心，围绕选材，确定重点，安排详略，选材时要注意紧紧围绕文章的中心思想，选择真实可信、新鲜有趣的材料，以使文章中心思想鲜明、深刻地表现出来，具体如下：

2020 is a new beginning, but just at the time of the Spring Festival, the Chinese people once again face the virus crisis: new coronavirus, only 17 years since the last SARS in 2003. I saw in the news that the new virus caused by Wuhan as the source of infection spread to the whole country.

According to statistics and analysis, the people who left Wuhan from January 10 to 22 and went to all parts of the country respectively arrived in Zhoukou, Yueyang, Yichang, Hefei, Chongqing, Nanning, Guangzhou and other places. This is an acute infection of pneumonia.

The cause of the disease is that people eatwild Chinese chrysanthemum head bat civet. This is a serious crisis. As human beings, shouldn't we reflect on it? If the epidemic cannot be controlled, where will human beings go?

If we take good care of ourselves, will it happen? As for how to protect yourself, first of all, although the virus has become a focus, don't listen to all kinds of rumors at will.

scientifically prevent and control the sources of infection, cut off the transmission channels, and call on everyone to do a good job in personal protection, avoid going to crowded places, wear medical masks in public places, and pay attention to fast food hygiene.

Wash hands frequently and drink more water. Try not to eat out and go out less. If you have fever or cough, please see a doctor in time. I hope that the people of the whole country will join hands to fight against thiscrisis and stay at home and not run around.

We can certainly survive this crisis from our motherland. It's very important that medical staff have given up the chance to celebrate the new year with their families and rushed to the front line of the epidemic field.

We should believe them more! Come on Wuhan, come on angel in white, come on China, wish the beauty of the world be linked with you.

2020年是一个新的开始，但就在春节之际，中国人民再次面临病毒危机：新型冠状病毒，距离上一次2003年的非典只有17年。

我在新闻上看到，武汉作为传染源引发的新病毒向全国蔓延。据统计分析，1月10日至22日离开武汉前往全国各地的人员分别到达周口、岳阳、宜昌、合肥、重庆、南宁、广州等地。这是一种急性肺炎感染。发病原因是人们食用野生中国菊花头蝙蝠果子狸。

这是一个严重的危机。作为人类，我们不应该反思吗？如果疫情无法控制，人类将何去何从？如果我们照顾好自己，它会发生吗？

至于如何保护自己，首先，尽管病毒已成为一个焦点，不要听各种各样的谣言，科学预防和控制感染的来源，切断传播渠道，并呼吁大家做好个人防护，避免去拥挤的地方，公共场所佩戴医用口罩，注意快餐卫生。勤洗手，多喝水。

尽量不要在外面吃，少出去。如有发烧或咳嗽，请及时就医。我希望全国人民携起手来，共同应对这场危机，待在国内，不要乱跑。我们一定能从祖国那里度过这场危机。

非常重要的是，医护人员放弃了与家人欢度新年的机会，奔赴疫情现场的一线。我们应该更加相信他们！加油武汉，加油白衣天使，加油中国，愿世界的美丽与你们相连。

2020 is a new beginning, but just at the time of the Spring Festival, the Chinese people once again face the virus crisis: new coronavirus, only 17 years since the last SARS in 2003. I saw in the news that the new virus caused by Wuhan as the source of infection spread to the whole country. According to statistics and analysis, the people who left Wuhan from January 10 to 22 and went to all parts of the country respectively arrived in Zhoukou, Yueyang, Yichang, Hefei, Chongqing, Nanning, Guangzhou and other places. This is an acute infection of pneumonia. The cause of the disease is that people eatwild Chinese chrysanthemum head bat civet. This is a serious crisis. As human beings, shouldn't we reflect on it? If the epidemic cannot be controlled, where will human beings go? If we take good care of ourselves, will it happen? As for how to protect yourself, first of all, although the virus has become a focus, don't listen to all kinds of rumors at will,scientifically prevent and control the sources of infection, cut off the transmission channels, and call on everyone to do a good job in personal protection, avoid going to crowded places, wear medical masks in public places, and pay attention to fast food hygiene. Wash hands frequently and drink more water. Try not to eat out and go out less. If you have fever or cough, please see a doctor in time. I hope that the people of the whole country will join hands to fight against thiscrisis and stay at home and not run around. We can certainly survive this crisis from our motherland. It's very important that medical staff have given up the chance to celebrate the new year with their families and rushed to the front line of the epidemic field. We should believe them more! Come on Wuhan, come on angel in white, come on China, wish the beauty of the world be linked with you.

SARS就是传染性非典型肺炎，全称严重急性呼吸综合症（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes），简称SARS，是一种因感染SARS相关冠状病毒而导致的以发热、干咳、胸闷为主要症状，严重者出现快速进展的呼吸系统衰竭，是一种新的呼吸道传染病，传染性极强、病情进展快速

猪流感有生命危险吗？猪流感Q&A 中英文 Q&A: Swine flu What is swine flu?猪流感是什么 It is a contagious respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Pigs are hit by regular outbreaks. There are many different types of swine flu and the current cases involve the H1N1 strain of type A influenza virus. How do humans catch it? While people do not normally catch it, humans can contract the virus, usually if they have been in close contact with pigs. It is also possible for the constantly changing infection to spread from person to person, which has happened in the latest outbreak. Experts believe it spreads in the same way as seasonal flu - through coughing and sneezing. What are the symptoms?猪流感的症状是什么？ The symptoms of swine influenza in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza infection and include fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, coughing and sore throat. Some people with swine flu have also reported vomiting and diarrhoea. What is the difference between swine flu, avian flu and the flu commonly seen in the UK during the winter?猪流感和禽流感的区别，以及与冬天的流感区别？ Influenza viruses are commonly circulating in the human and animal environment, with different strains causing illness in humans, bird and pigs. Seasonal influenza is caused by viruses that are adapted to spread in humans. Humans have some natural immunity to the strains that are in common circulation, and this immunity can be boosted by immunisation with a vaccine. Avian influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in birds. Similarly, swine influenza is caused by influenza viruses adapted for infection in pigs. These illnesses all cause the same respiratory symptoms in sufferers and can be passed between one another.How dangerous is it?猪流感有多危险？ More than 80 people have died and thousands made ill, in Mexico in particular, although cases have also been reported in the US and New Zealand. However, testing has shown that the antiviral drugs oseltamavir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) appear to be effective against the human swine influenza H1N1 strain, Why should we be worried about it?我们为什么要担心猪流感？ The World Health Organisation warned the outbreak had "pandemic potential" and countries were advised to step up surveillance and preparation in case the infection spreads rapidly. Flu viruses have the ability to change and mutate, making it difficult for drugs manufacturers to ensure effective vaccines are available. The new version of the H1N1 virus is a mix of different animal and human versions of the disease. Mixing can lead to the development of changed viruses to which humans have little immunity. What is a pandemic?什么叫流行病？ If the flu spreads over a wide geographic area and affects a large proportion of the population it goes beyond an epidemic and becomes a pandemic. According to the Health Protection Agency, an influenza pandemic is defined as a new or novel influenza virus that spreads easily between humans. When new influenza viruses are introduced into the environment, humans do not have any natural immunity to protect against them. Therefore, there is a risk that that new influenza viruses could develop into a pandemic if the virus passes easily from human-to-human. Will it spread to the UK?猪流感会传播到英国么？ It is too early to say whether the cases reported so far will lead to a larger outbreak, the HPA said. No cases have been reported in the UK although experts are monitoring the situation closely. Anyone who has recently returned from affected countries should consult a doctor if they notice flu-like symptoms. What is being done in the UK to prevent the infection?英国目前怎样预防？ The HPA said it is working with the UK government to review the current incident and any threat it poses to UK public health. It advised people to follow general infection control practices and good hygiene to reduce transmission of all viruses. This includes covering their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, disposing of dirty tissues promptly and carefully, washing hands frequently with soap and water and cleaning surfaces which are regularly touched.中文简称：猪流感 英文：swine influenza 英文简称：swine flu [编辑本段]猪患猪流感的症状以及防治 诊断要点流行特点各个年龄、性别和品种的猪对本病毒都有易感性。本病的流行有明显的季节性，天气多变的秋末、早春和寒冷的冬季易发生。本病传播迅速，常呈地方性流行或大流行。本病发病率高，死亡率低（4%-10%）。病猪和带毒猪是猪流感的传染源，患病痊愈后猪带毒6～8周。 避免接触流感样症状（发热，咳嗽，流涕等）或肺炎等呼吸道病人；注意个人卫生，经常使用肥皂和清水洗手，尤其在咳嗽或打喷嚏后；避免接触生猪或前往有猪的场所；避免前往人群拥挤场所；咳嗽或打喷嚏时用纸巾遮住口鼻，然后将纸巾丢进垃圾桶；如在境外出现流感样症状（发热，咳嗽，流涕等），应立即就医（就医时应戴口罩），并向当地公共卫生机构和检验检疫部门说明。 4、人如何受到感染？ 人们通常从受感染的猪感染上猪流感，然而，有些病例并没有和猪，或猪存在过的环境的接触。在一些程度下，人和人 的接触会导致传播，但仅限于密切接触和封闭的人群。 5、食用猪肉能否感染？ 没有证据说明，猪流感是由于食用妥善处理过的猪肉或猪肉产品造成的。美国疾控中心指出，猪肉加热至71摄氏度，就能杀死猪流感病毒，人不会因吃猪肉或猪产品感染猪流感。 6、猪流感有哪些症状？ 7、墨西哥猪流感与美国猪流感是否相同？ 美国疾控中心证实，在墨西哥导致数十人死亡的猪流感病毒与在美国导致数十人染病的病毒都是A/H1N1型，这一毒株是一种新型变异病毒。 8、此次猪流感疫情有何特点？ 世卫组织强调称，通常情况下，儿童和老人更容易遭到流感病毒的感染，但此次墨西哥发现的猪流感病毒感染者大多为年轻人。 9、治疗人类感染猪流感有无特效药？ 美国疾控中心说，目前没有专门针对人类感染猪流感的特效药，通常使用的有4种抗流感药物，但临床显示，这种变异病毒对其中2种具有抗药性。 有两种类别药品， 1） adamantanes （adamantanes和remantadine ） ，和2 ）流感的神经氨酸酶抑制剂（达菲oseltamivir 和扎那米韦 zanamivir） 。 以前大部分猪流感病例的报告都是完全康复，没有需要医疗照顾和抗病毒药物。 一些流感病毒对抗病毒药物产生抗药性，限制了治疗效果。最近从美国获得的感染猪流感病毒的人类病例，对达菲和扎那米韦抗性金刚烷胺很敏感，但是对amantadine和remantadine有抵抗性。 信息还没有充分到可以建议使用抗病毒药物来治疗猪流感病毒的感染。临床医生必须根据病人的临床和生理状况进行评估，考虑治疗可能产生的积极和消极的影响。在猪流感病毒正在爆发的美国和墨西哥，在病毒的易感性手册上，国家和地方当局建议使用奥塞米韦或扎那米韦进行治疗。 10、有无抗猪流感疫苗？ 美国疾控中心说，目前只有用于猪的抗猪流感疫苗，还没有专门用于人类的。就目前情况看，普通的抗流感疫苗对人类抵抗猪流感没有明显效果。 11、我该如何保护自己，不被猪流感感染上的患者感染？ 保护自己，可采用一般的预防流感的措施： •避免和出现不适症状、发烧和咳嗽的人密切接触。 •经常和彻底地用肥皂和水洗手。 •养成良好的卫生习惯，包括充足的睡眠，进食有营养的食物，并坚持体育锻炼。 如果家中有病人： •尝试为病人提供房子中的一个单独房间。如果做不到这一点，让病人和其他人保持至少1米的距离。 •照顾病人时捂住嘴和鼻子。可以购买出售的面具或使用处置或适当处理过的现成材料进行制作。 •每次和病人接触后用水和肥皂彻底洗手。 •设法改善病人居住地的空气的流通。通过门、窗利用门窗，利用风。 •保持环境清洁，随时提供家居清洁剂。 12、如果我觉得患上了猪流感，应该怎么做？ 如果您感到身体不适，有发高烧，咳嗽和/或喉咙痛： •尽可能留在家里，远离上班，上学或人群。 •休息，并喝足够的液体。 •在咳嗽和打喷嚏时，用一次性的纸巾掩住嘴和鼻子，并合适地处理用过的纸巾。 •经常用肥皂和水彻底洗手，特别是在咳嗽或打喷嚏时。 •通知家人和朋友自己患病情况，寻求别人帮助，代为进行和其他人如购物类的接触。 如果您需要医疗照顾： •联系你的医生或保健提供者，然后前往就诊，报告你的症状。解释为什么你认为你有猪流感（例如，最近前往一个国 家，在人群中有猪流感爆发）。根据他提供的意见进行治疗。 •如果无法与您的医疗保健供应商提前沟通，立刻到保健机构沟通，说明你对患有猪流感的换衣。 •旅行期间注意覆盖鼻子和嘴巴。 [编辑本段]“猪”流感疫情爆发历史 1918年西班牙流感（Spanish Flu），H1N1病毒，首发于1917年的澳大利亚，影响了包括欧洲、北冰洋和太平洋地区等世界很多地方。死亡人数据估计5千万人。 H1猪流感病毒进化时间表1976年美国猪流感，1918年的H1N1病毒的变种。死亡25人。但这次流感给当时的福特政府带来了公共卫生管理的危机。福特政府目标覆盖全体美国人疫苗计划到其中止时，仅仅覆盖了24%的美国人口。 1976年2月美国新泽西洲迪克斯堡新兵营中发生了一起猪(H1N1)亚型毒株引起的流感爆发事件，约200余人被感染，一人死亡。当时福特总统欲想连任，亲自批准1.35亿美元制备猪流感疫苗，用于全民免疫接种，而其他国家均持观望态度，结果美国推测失误，疫苗也以失败而告终，因此引起许多异议和诉讼。福特为竞选总统而批准此冒险计划，养猪场提出抗议，要将猪流感改为新泽西洲流感以免居民谈猪色变。本次流感和病原学分析表明，猪型流感病毒是由猪直接传播人。 过去人感染猪流感病毒的病例很少见，猪流感病毒通常不在人际间传播。2005年12月至2009年1月，美国只发现过12例人感染猪流感病例，其中11人与猪有过直接接触。 2007年菲律宾猪流感。死亡率占到受感染人的10%。 2009年4月，墨西哥爆发大规模的猪流感，美国和墨西哥的绝大多数患者并未接触过猪，墨西哥政府现阶段已排除吃猪肉感染病毒的可能性。这种病毒已被证实经由人-人形式传播。在人际传播时，科学家指出，打喷嚏、咳嗽和物理接触都有可能导致新型猪流感病毒在人群间传播。 美国著名流感专家、明尼苏达州大学的迈克尔·奥斯特赫姆2009年4月24日表示，流感病毒的传播速度惊人，当大家发现病毒感染者出现时，可能已经错过了控制“这种新病毒扩散”的最佳时机。迈克尔·奥斯特赫姆担心，最近出入墨西哥城国际机场的旅游者或许已携带着病毒抵达世界各地。 [编辑本段]2009年猪流感疫情动态 疫情图中华人民共和国卫生部有关负责人2009年4月25日表示，卫生部收到世界卫生组织通报，美国和墨西哥发生人感染A／H1N1猪流感疫情。 据世界卫生组织通报，美国和墨西哥发生人感染A／H1N1猪流感疫情。自2009年3月18日以来，墨西哥流感样病例呈上升趋势。截至4月28日，墨西哥先后发生3起疫情，共报告病例三千多例，死亡103例，病死率7％. 据了解，人感染猪流感后的症状与感冒类似，患者会出现发烧、咳嗽、疲劳、食欲不振等。在预防方面，许锐恒认为现阶段没必要扎堆去接种人流感疫苗，因为预防季节性流感疫苗对预防猪流感并无效果。正确的做法是养成良好的个人卫生习惯，充足睡眠、勤于锻炼、减少压力、足够营养；勤洗手，尤其是接触过公共物品后要先洗手再触摸自己的眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴； [编辑本段]猪流感简介 引起的呼吸系统疾病。猪流感由甲型流感病毒(A型流感病毒)引发，通常爆发于猪之间，传染性很高但通常不会引发死亡。秋冬季属高发期，但全年可传播。猪流感多被辨识为丙型流感病毒(C型流感病毒)，或者是甲型流感病毒的亚种之一。该病毒可在猪群中造成流感暴发。通常情况下人类很少感染猪流感病毒。 猪流感有很多个不同的品种，计有：H1N1、H1N2、H3N1、H3N2和H2N3亚型的甲型流感 病理变化猪流行性感冒的病理变化主要在呼吸器官。鼻、咽、喉、气管和支气管的粘膜充血、肿胀，表面覆有粘稠的液体，小支气管和细支气管内充满泡沫样渗出液。胸腔、心包腔蓄积大量混有纤维素的浆液。肺脏的病变常发生于尖叶、心叶、中间叶、膈叶的背部与基底部，与周围组织有明显的界限，颜色由红至紫，塌陷、坚实，韧度似皮革，脾脏肿大，颈部淋巴结、纵膈淋巴结、支气管淋巴结肿大多汁。 类症鉴别由于猪的流行性感冒不一定总是以典型的形式出现，并且与其它呼吸道疾病又很相似，所以，临床诊断只能是假定性的。在秋季或初冬，猪群中发生呼吸道疾病就可怀疑为猪流行性感冒。 暴发性地出现上呼吸道综合征，包括结膜炎、喷嚏和咳嗽以及低死亡率，可以将猪流行性感冒与猪的其它上呼吸道疾病区别开，在鉴别诊断时，应注意猪气喘病和本病的区别，二者最易混淆。 防治措施本病无有效疫苗和特效疗法，重要的是良好的护理及保持猪舍清洁、干燥、温暖、无贼风袭击。供给充足的清洁饮水，康复的头几天，饲料要限制供给。在发病中不得骚扰或移动病猪，以减少应激死亡 。 猪流行性感冒特征为突然发病，迅速蔓延全群，主要症状为上呼吸道感染，一般多在冬春季节以及气候骤变时发生，该病也常继发猪副嗜血杆菌病。 临床症状与病理变化 该病的发病率高，潜伏期为2～7天，病程1周左右。病猪发病初期突然发热，精神不振，食欲减退或废绝，常横卧在一起，不愿活动，呼吸困难，激烈咳嗽，眼鼻流出黏液。如果在发病期治疗不及时，则易并发支气管炎、肺炎和胸膜炎等，增加猪的病死率。 病猪体温升高达40℃～41.5℃，精神沉郁，食欲减退或不食，肌肉疼痛，不愿站立，眼和鼻有黏性液体流出，眼结膜充血，个别病猪呼吸困难，喘气，咳嗽，呈腹式呼吸，有犬坐姿势，夜里可听到病猪哮喘声，个别病猪关节疼痛，尤其是膘情较好的猪发病较严重。 剖检可见喉、气管及支气管充满含有气泡的黏液，黏膜充血，肿胀，时而混有血液，肺间质增宽，淋巴结肿大，充血，脾肿大，胃肠黏膜有卡他出血性炎症，胸腹腔、心包腔蓄积含纤维素物质的液体。 流行特点 各个年龄、性别和品种的猪对本病毒都有易感性。本病的流行有明显的季节性，天气多变的秋末、早春和寒冷的冬季易发生。本病传播迅速，常呈地方性流行或大流行。本病发病率高，死亡率低（4%～10%）。病猪和带毒猪是猪流感的传染源，患病痊愈后猪带毒6～8周。 临床特征 本病潜伏期很短，几小时到数天，自然发病时平均为4天。发病初期病猪体温突然升高至40.3～41.5℃，厌食或食欲废绝，极度虚弱乃至虚脱，常卧地。呼吸急促、腹式呼吸、阵发性咳嗽。从眼和鼻流出粘液，鼻分泌物有时带血。病猪挤卧在一起，难以移动，触摸肌肉僵硬、疼痛，出现膈肌痉挛，呼吸顿挫，一般称这为打嗝儿。如有继发感染，则病势加重，发生纤维素性出血性肺炎或肠炎。母猪在怀孕期感染，产下的仔猪在产后2～5天发病很重，有些在哺乳期及断奶前后死亡。 病理变化 猪流感的病理变化主要在呼吸器官。鼻、咽、喉、气管和支气管的粘膜充血、肿胀，表面覆有粘稠的液体，小支气管和细支气管内充满泡沫样渗出液。胸腔、心包腔蓄积大量混有纤维素的浆液。肺脏的病变常发生于尖叶、心叶、叶间叶、膈叶的背部与基底部，与周围组织有明显的界限，颜色由红至紫，塌陷、坚实，韧度似皮革，脾脏肿大，颈部淋巴结、纵膈淋巴结、支气管淋巴结肿大多汁。 截至2009年4月27日墨西哥疑似感染死亡81人诊断 根据发病情况、临床症状和病理变化，可初步诊断该猪群为流行性感冒继发猪副嗜血杆菌病。 防治措施 一、 1.加强饲养管理，提高猪群的营养需求，定时清洁环境卫生，对已患病的猪只及时进行隔离治疗。 2.清开灵注射液+盐酸林可霉素注射液+强效阿莫西林，按每千克体重0.2毫升~0.5毫升，混合肌肉注射，每日一次，连用3天。 3.在饲料中混入抗病毒I号粉（400千克料/袋）+强力霉素300ppm，混合均匀。连续拌料10天；同时饮水中加入电解多维。经采取以上治疗措施后，病情很快得到了控制，3天后全群恢复健康。 4.中药荆防败毒散防止猪流感有特效。 二、 1. 及时隔离，栏圈、饲具要用2%火碱溶液消毒、剩料剩水深埋或无公害化处理，在猪的饲粮中加入0.05%的盐酸吗啉胍（病毒灵）饲喂1周。 2.用绿豆250克、柴胡、板蓝根100克，煎水10公斤饮猪，有较好的预防作用。 治疗 对病猪要对症治疗，防止继发感染。可选用：15%盐酸吗啉胍（病毒灵）注射液，按猪体重每千克用25毫克，肌肉注射，每日2次，连注2天。30%安乃近注射液，按猪体重每千克用30毫克，肌肉注射，每日2次，连注2天。如全群感染，可用中药拌料喂服。中药方：荆芥、金银花、大青叶、柴胡、葛根、黄苓、木通、板蓝根、甘草、干姜各25~50克（每头计、体重50千克左右），把药晒干，粉碎成细面，拌入料中喂服，如无食欲，可煎汤喂服，一般1剂即愈，必要时第2天再服1剂。 猪流行性感冒由猪流感病毒引起,多突然发病,体温40-41.℃,呼吸困难,咳嗽,眼鼻流出浆性液体,一周内可康复.治疗:①百尔定注射液4-6ml肌肉注射;或安乃近注射液4-1Oml肌肉注射,每天一次.②酵母片20-60片、人工盐10-30g,共研成末混入饲料喂饲,每天一次,连用3天. 猪群发病是由于气候变化，畜主饲养场圈舍简陋，饲养管理水平低下，导致猪群发生流行性感冒，同时因病情时间稍长，以致病猪继发感染猪副嗜血杆菌病。本病应加强饲养管理，定期消毒，对患猪要早发现，早治疗，且要按疗程用药。

Novel influenza A (H1N1) is a new flu virus of swine origin that was first detected in April, 2009. The virus is infecting people and is spreading from person-to-person, sparking a growing outbreak of illness in the United States. An increasing number of cases are being reported internationally as well. It's still uncertain at this time how severe this novel H1N1 outbreak will be in terms of illness and death compared with other influenza viruses. Because this is a new virus, most people will not have immunity to it, and illness may be more severe and widespread as a result. In addition, currently there is no vaccine to protect against this novel H1N1 virus. Currently, the best way to stay free from this virus is to wash your hands properly, and avoid going to the big crowd. At the same time, we should do more exercise so that we can build up our immune systems to fight against any types of bacterias and viruses.