柠柠2015
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关于名词所有格的用法应注意以下三点：
一、用 -’s 表示
有生命的人或物的所有格用-’s表示，有时也可用of表示。如a man’s voice=the voice of a man。此外，还需注意以下3点：
①以-s结尾的单数普通名词后仍然加-’s。如：
The boss’s son, was arrogant to all the employees. 老板的儿子对所有雇佣人员都很傲慢无礼。
但若是以-s结尾的复数名词，其后则只加撇号。如：
This shop sells ladies’ hats. 这家商店出售女帽。
You don’t belong in the beginners’ class. 你不适合在初级班。
若是以-s结尾的专有名词，则既可只加撇号，也可加-’s。如：
Dickens’ “A Tale of Two Cities” is a literary classic. 狄更斯的《双城记》是一部古典文学作品。
②若是几个人共有的，在最后一个姓名后加’s。如：
This is Tom and Mike’s room. 这是汤姆和迈克共住的房间。
③表示时间、距离、金额、天体、国家或城市等的名词也用-’s表示。如：
It’s less than two hours’ drive from here. 开车到那里不到2个钟头。
We visited some of the city’s scenic spots. 我们参观了这座城市的一些风景区。
④-’s所有格后的名词若是不言而喻时，或者是某人的住所、店铺、诊所等时，通常省略。如：
We had a great evening at Paul’s. 我们在保罗家度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
She bought a bottle of vitamin tablets at the chemist’s. 她在药房买了一瓶维生素片。
二、用 of 表示
无生命的东西的所有格一般用of表示。如：
Let’s meet in the bar of the hotel. 咱们在旅馆的酒吧间碰头。
You’ll find the answers at the back of the book. 在书后你可找到答案。
注：有生命的人有时也可用of构成所有格。如：
Might I ask for a photograph of the baby? 我可否要一张这宝宝的照片?
三、–’s 和 of 双重表示
当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，用双重所有格。如：
Two friends of my father’s came to see me. 我父亲的两个朋友来看我
You are certain to be happy with any relative of Mrs. Moore’s. 你和穆尔夫人的`任何亲属在一起肯定是会很快乐的。
动词的种类
动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
1．行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。
如：
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2．连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3．助动词
助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
如：
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4．情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
如：
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .
a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的"能"；be able to用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而"能"。
b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为"必须"，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为"不得不"，它可用于各种时态。
c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
以上对动词的种类知识的内容讲解学习，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们在考试中取得很好的成绩。
初中英语语法大全：动词不定式的形式
对于英语的学习中，关于动词不定式的形式知识点的内容，我们做下面的讲解学习哦。
动词不定式的形式
1．作主语。 如：
To learn English is very important.
但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
如上句可表达为：
It's very important to learn English.
2．作表语。 如：
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3．作宾语。 如：
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4．作宾语补足语。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。
如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可带to也可不带to。
如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5．作定语。
a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词千万不要省略。
如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。
如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。
如： I have no time to play cards.
6．作状语，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。
如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7．不定式复合结构"for sb. to do sth" 作主语时，常用"It is +adj+ for
of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,
right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."
其他形容词用 for。
如：
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8．动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。
如： I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面结构相当于一个从句，故上述句子也可表达为：
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意：
a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式，只能接动词的-ing形式。
如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如： The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但意思不同。
如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
短语动词的四种类型
动词与介词、副词等构成的固定短语，叫短语动词。主要有四类：
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟宾语，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：宾语是名词时，放在副词前面或后面都可以，但若作宾语的是人称代词时，就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候，你要照顾好你弟弟。
及物动词与不及物动词
根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)。如：
When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词)
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词)
有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：
The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）
The child is playing the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）
He is writing. 他在写字。（不及物用法）
He is writing a letter. 他在写信。（及物用法）
The boy is reading. 这男孩在阅读。 （不及物用法）
The boy is reading a magazine. 这男孩在看杂志。（及物用法）
实义动词与非实义动词
根据其含义和句子功用，动词可分为实义动词和非实义动词(包括时态助动词和情态助动词等)。如：
He bought a story book. 他买了一本故事书。(buy 为实义动词)
He has read the story book. 他已读过这本故事书。(has 为时态助动词，read为实意动词)
He should read the story book. 他应该读读这本故事书。(should 为情态助动词,red为实义动词)
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我是阿晨1小时前发布-
初中英语语法：名词解析
名词复数的特殊变化。
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：
a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es;
b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;
c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es;
d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。
e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans;
f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。
注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国)，the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。
别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。
a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的`单复数而定。如：men workers， women teachers。
b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。
哇!这些问题好复杂，我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。
这里面内容可谓少之又少，可也不能小视呦。
名词所有格：
表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 ' 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，.则表示“分别有”。.如：John's and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间);两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。
还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。
好，名词部分我们已经学完，It's a piece of cake? 接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了，
Are you ready?
练习：
1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.
A. women …girls
B. women… girl
C. woman…girls
D. woman…girl
2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.
A. Jack's aunt's
B. Jack's aunt
C. Jack aunt's
D. aunt's of Jack
3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten-years-old
C. ten-year-older
D.ten-years-older
4. The farmer raised ten _________.
A. sheeps
B. deers
C. horse
D. cows
5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.
A. her grandmother
B. her grandmother's
C. her grandmothers'
D. that of her grandmother
6. We have moved into a ________.
A. two- storey house
B. house of two storey
C. two-storeys house
D. two storeys house
7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.
A. box's steel
B. box of a steel
C. steel box
D. box of the steel
8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.
A. the Teacher's Day
B. Teacher's Day
C. a Teacher's Day
D. Teachers' Day
9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
10. _________are big and bright.
A. The classroom window
B. The window of the classroom
C. The windows of the classroom
实战：
1. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
2. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.
A. you
B. your
C. Lucy
D. yours
3. What's " potato" in Chinese? -It's _____ .
A. 香蕉
B. 大白菜
C. 西红柿
D. 土豆
4. The ninth month of a year is _______.
A. December
B. November
C. September
D. October
D. The classroom's windows
5. A: Must I leave now?
B: No, you _______.
A. needn't
B. mustnt
C. don't
D. won't
6. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.
A. on
B. of
C. at
D. to
7. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
8. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?
B: Yes, I ______there last winter.
A. gone, went
B. been, went
C. gone , have been
D. been, have
9. Do you ________English?
A. tell
B. say
C. talk
D. speak
10. A: May I _______your ruler?
B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.
A. lend, borrow
B. lend, lend
C. borrow , lend
D. borrow, borrow
11. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.
A. can't rain
B. won't rain
C. don't rain
D. doesn't rian
12. Do you know ________?
A. where does he study
B. he studies where
C. where he studies
D. he where studies
13. A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?
B: Once a month
A. How often
B. How long
C. how much
D. how many
14. A: Would you like another cup of orange?
B: ______I'm full.
A. No, thanks
B. Yes, please.
C. Here it is.
D. I don't like.
15. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?
A. to stop to have
B. stop having
C. stop to have
D. to stop having
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