一级英语试卷

全国英语等级考试PETS一级简介

引导语：PETS是由第一级考试笔试试卷和口试试卷组成的，下面我给大家介绍一下。

笔试试卷(90分钟)包括四部分：听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。口试试卷(8分钟)分两节，考查考生的口语交际能力。笔试试卷和口试试卷均使用中文指导语。

(一)听力

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。

A节(10题)：考查考生识别和理解单词、词组的能力。要求考生根据所听到的10个单句，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。每个单句播放两遍。

B节(15题)：考查考生理解简单的事实性信息的能力。要求考生根据所听到的15段短对话，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段对话播放两遍。每段对话后的问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。

听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上。每段录音材料播放前、后都有适当停顿，用作读题和答题时间。听力部分结束前，考生有3分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。该部分所需时间约为20分钟(含转涂时间)。

(二)英语知识运用

该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达方式的掌握。

A节(15题)：每题在一个单句或简短对话中留出一处空白，要求考生根据单句或简短对话，从每题给出的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。其中有10-12道题考查语法结构，3-5道题考查单词和表达方式。

B节(10题)：在一篇90-120词的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。其中约6道考查语法结构，约4道题考查单词和表达方式。

该部分所需时间约为20 分钟。考生在客观题答题卡上作答。

(三)阅读理解

该部分由三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

A节(5题)：考查考生对两个话题领域内简单单词的理解能力。考生须将五个定义与七个选项中正确的单词搭配成对。给出的定义类似供英语初学者使用的词典中的定义。

B节(5题)：考查考生理解具体信息的能力。要求考生根据所提供的1篇长度为175-200词的短文(例如通知、消息、简单故事等)的内容，从每题所给的."正、误、未提及"三个选项中选择其一。选取的短文已根据该级别的要求在原文上作了改动或是特意为该级而作。

C节(10题)：考查考生理解总体和具体信息的能力。要求考生根据所提供的2篇短文(例如通知、消息、简单故事)的内容，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。每篇长度为175-200词。选取的短文已根据该级别的要求在原文上作了改动或是特意为该级而作。

该部分所需时间约为30分钟。考生在客观题答题卡上作答。

(四)写作

该部分由两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。

A节(3题)：考查考生在意思相同的情况下，对不同句型和表达方式的掌握。考生根据所提供的三个句子，在给出的每个新句子的空白处填上一至五个关键的单词而不改变原有句子的意思。

B节：(1题)考查考生写出含有3-5条信息的简短信函和便条(标点符号不计算在内，约50词)的能力。

该部分所需时间约为20分钟。考生在主观题答题卡上作答。

(五)口试

口试分A、B两节，测试考生英语口语的交际能力。

每次口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师不参与交谈，专事评分;另一名主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。专事评分的教师所给分数的权重占考生口试成绩的三分之二，主持口试的教师所给分数的权重占考生口试成绩的三分之一。

A节：考查考生初次见面时向他人提供个人的事实性信息(如名字、出生地、职业、家庭等)的能力。考生也应能谈论他们的日常生活及兴趣爱好等。该节约需3分钟时间。

B节：考查考生根据信息卡就具体事实互相问答的能力。信息卡分为提问卡和回答卡，内容涉及到日常生活、爱好等。考生A根据提问卡提出问题，考生B根据对应的回答卡或个人的具体情况回答。其后考生B根据另一张信息卡提出问题，考生A根据对应的回答卡或个人的具体情况回答。信息卡上的指示语使用中文。该节约需5分钟时间。

一级英语笔译测试题及答案

初级笔译证书证明持有人能够就一般难度的材料进行英汉互译，能够胜任一般性文件或商务等方面材料的翻译工作。下面是我分享的一级英语笔译测试题，希望能帮到大家!

英译汉

Return to print allays bookseller fears of digital apocalypse

Five years ago, the book world was seized by collective panic over the uncertain future of print.

As readers migrated to new digital devices, e-book sales soared, increasing 1,259 per cent between 2008 and 2010, alarming booksellers that watched consumers use their stores to find titles they would later buy online. Print sales dwindled, bookstores struggled to stay open, and publishers and authors feared that cheaper e-books would cannibalise their business.

Then in 2011, the industry's fears were realised when Borders declared bankruptcy.

"E-books were this rocket ship going straight up," said Len Vlahos, a former executive director of the Book Industry Study Group, a nonprofit research group that tracks the publishing industry. "Just about everybody you talked to thought we were going the way of digital music."

But the digital apocalypse never arrived, or at least not on schedule. While analysts once predicted that e-books would overtake print by 2015, digital sales have instead slowed sharply.

Now, there are signs that some e-book adopters are returning to print or becoming hybrid readers who toggle between devices and paper. E-book sales fell by 10 per cent in the first five months of this year, according to the Association of American Publishers, which collects data from nearly 1,200 publishers. Digital books accounted last year for around 20 per cent of the market, roughly the same as a few years ago.

E-books' declining popularity may signal that publishing, while not immune to technological upheaval, will weather the tidal wave of digital technology better than other forms of media, like music and television.

E-book subscription services, modelled on companies like Netflix and Pandora, have struggled to convert book lovers into digital binge readers, and some have shut down. Sales of dedicated e-reading devices have plunged as consumers migrated to tablets and smartphones. And according to some surveys, young readers who are digital natives still prefer reading on paper.

The surprising resilience of print has provided a lift to many booksellers. Independent bookstores, which were battered by the recession and competition from Amazon, are showing strong signs of resurgence. The American Booksellers Association counted 1,712 members with stores in 2,227 locations in 2015, up from 1,410 members with 1,660 locations five years ago.

"The fact that the digital side of the business has levelled off has worked to our advantage," said Oren Teicher, chief executive of the American Booksellers Association. "It's resulted in a far healthier independent bookstore market today than we have had in a long time."

Publishers, seeking to capitalise on the shift, are pouring money into their print infrastructures and distribution. Hachette added 20,000 square metres to its Indiana warehouse late last year, and Simon & Schuster is expanding its New Jersey distribution facility by 18,000 square metres.

Penguin Random House has invested nearly $US100 million in expanding and updating its warehouses and speeding up distribution of its books. It added 34,000 square metres last year to its warehouse in Crawfordsville, Indiana, more than doubling the size of the warehouse.

"People talked about the demise of physical books as if it was only a matter of time, but even 50 to 100 years from now, print will be a big chunk of our business," said Markus Dohle, the chief executive of Penguin Random House, which has nearly 250 imprints globally. Print books account for more than 70 per cent of the company's sales in the United States.

The company began offering independent booksellers in 2011 two-day guaranteed delivery from November to January, the peak book buying months. Other big publishers, including HarperCollins, have followed suit. The faster deliveries have allowed bookstores to place smaller initial orders and restock as needed, which has reduced returns of unsold books by about 10 per cent.

Penguin Random House has also developed a data-driven approach to managing print inventory for some of its largest customers, a strategy modeled on the way manufacturers like Procter & Gamble automatically restock soap and other household goods. The company now tracks more than 10 million sales records a day and sifts through them in order to make recommendations for how many copies of a given title a vendor should order based on previous sales.

"It's a very simple thing; only books that are on the shelves can be sold," Dohle said.

At BookPeople, a bookstore founded in 1970 in Austin, Texas, sales are up nearly 11 per cent this year over last, making 2015 the store's most profitable year ever, said Steve Bercu, the co-owner. He credits the growth of his business, in part, to the stabilisation of print and new practices in the publishing industry, such as Penguin Random House's so-called rapid replenishment program to restock books quickly.

"The e-book terror has kind of subsided," he said.

Other independent booksellers agree that they are witnessing a reverse migration to print.

"We've seen people coming back," said Arsen Kashkashian, a book buyer at Boulder Book Store in Boulder, Colorado. "They were reading more on their Kindle and now they're not, or they're reading both ways."

Digital books have been around for decades, ever since publishers began experimenting with CD-ROMs, but they did not catch on with consumers until 2008, shortly after Amazon released the Kindle.

The Kindle, which was joined by other devices like Kobo's e-reader, the Nook from Barnes & Noble and the iPad, drew millions of book buyers to e-readers, which offered seamless, instant purchases. Publishers saw huge spikes in digital sales during and after the holidays, after people received e-readers as gifts.

But those double- and triple-digit growth rates plummeted as e-reading devices fell out of fashion with consumers, replaced by smartphones and tablets. Some 12 million e-readers were sold last year, a steep drop from the nearly 20 million sold in 2011, according to Forrester Research. The portion of people who read books primarily on e-readers fell to 32 per cent in the first quarter of 2015, from 50 per cent in 2012, a Nielsen survey showed.

Higher e-book prices may also be driving readers back to paper.

As publishers renegotiated new terms with Amazon in the past year and demanded the ability to set their own e-book prices, many have started charging more. With little difference in price between a $US12.99 e-book and a paperback, some consumers may be opting for the print version.

On Amazon, the paperback editions of some popular titles, like The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt and All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr, are several dollars cheaper than their digital counterparts. Paperback sales rose by 8.4 per cent in the first five months of this year, the Association of American Publishers reported.

Some publishing executives say the world is changing too quickly to declare that the digital tide is waning.

"Maybe it's just a pause here," said Carolyn Reidy, the president and chief executive of Simon & Schuster. "Will the next generation want to read books on their smartphones, and will we see another burst come?"

汉译英：

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