介词英语作用

1.表示地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, to,forat (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”.on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”.to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤；或“到……”2)above, over, on 在……上above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对；over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触. on表示某物体上面并与之接触.The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）.There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉.)in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）.There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板.Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)5）beside,behindbeside 表示在……旁边behind 表示在……后面2.表示时间的介词1)in , on,at 在……时in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等.如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等.on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚.如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等. 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词.如：We meet every day.2)in, after 在……之后“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后.3)from, since 自从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用.4)after, behind 在……之后after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置.时间名词前介词用法口诀年前周前要用in具体日子却要禁遇到几号要用on 上午下午又是in 要说某日上下午用on换in记清楚午夜黄昏用at黎明用它也不错at用在时分前 说“差”可要用上to说"过''要用past3.表运动方向的介词：across, through 通过,穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关；through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关.4.表示“在……之间”的介词：between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间.5.表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式.2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；3)except, besides 除了except 除……之外,不包括在内；besides 除……之外,包括在内.Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)Besides Mr. Wang, we also wentting to see the film.(王先生也去了)

介词一般用于名词和代词前表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。例如atinunderoffortobyon…

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。 海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下，above、below则不然， 若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。' beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。 besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。 同类比较except，加for异类记心间。原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。 since以来during间，since时态多变换。 与之相比beside，除了last but one。 复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。 之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用in例：in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天at黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词 at six o'clock 在6点钟 at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分 也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上) five minutes after two 2点过5分 at a quarter to two 1点45分 at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周即在"来年"，在"某月"，在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某 日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。 例；in 1986 在1986年 in 1927 在1927年 in April 在四月 in March 在三月 in December 1986 1986年12月 in July l983 1983年7月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。 例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。 The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛． 以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 in uniform 穿着制服 将来时态in...以后例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。 I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。 We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。 Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始) after... (从过去开始)小处at大处in例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。 I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。 I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形) "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形) The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形) I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in) I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上) The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in ) The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上) This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in特征或状态： 例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。 I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。 She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。 还有一些短语也用in，如： in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。 His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。 She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。 The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。 方面： 例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。 A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。 方式： 例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用in 例如： in all 总计 in advance 事前 in the meantime 与此同时 "介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句： 1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。 B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。 2．A．Jake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。 B．Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。 3．A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。 B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。 4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。 B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说 5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。 B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。 6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。 B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢. 7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。 B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。 8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。 B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日 on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日 on May the first 5月1日on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日 on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日) on New Year's Day 在元旦 on my birthday 在我的生日 但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，at the present day当今则用at。 on May Day 在"五·一"节 on winter day 在冬天 on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日 on Sunday 在星期天 on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time准时，in time及时，等则不同。年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in例： on the morning of 18th 18日早晨 on the evening of 4th 4日晚上 On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。收音、农场，值日on例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night? 您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗? I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。 taIk over the radio 由无线电播音 on TV 从电视里...... Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日? We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。关于、基础、靠、著论例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。 Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。 on后接the加上一个作名词的动词．其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如： on the march在行军中，on the mend 在好转中，on the prowl徘徊，on the move活动中，on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语)，on the go活跃，忙碌，on the lookout注意, 警戒，on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。 on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>> on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>> "on Coalition Government" <<论联合政府>>着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付，相反、准注：口诀中的"着"是指着火，罢指罢工，偷指偷偷地，公指出差、办公事；假指休假，准指准时。 例：The house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。 The workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。 do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。 I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。 She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。 He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。 On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反，这事儿很容易理解。 P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。 注：in time是"及时"的意思。 The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。 特定时间和"一……就"，左右on后动名词 例：Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。(特定时间) On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一进屋，他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。 On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。 I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就) 以及on the left, right向左向右，on the stair在台阶上等。步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage用in例：On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。 Go on horse back! 骑马去！ You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢! in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。 at山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心 即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。 例：At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山脚下，有我们30个同志。 Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在镊氏零度结冰。 Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏loo度沸赐。 at zero 在零度 at the rate of 45 miles an hour at full speed 全速 at a good price 高价 at that time 在当时 at a high speed 高速 The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。 at daybreak 日出时 The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。 The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原于核。 At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。

英语介词有：in、on、for、at、about、under，用法如下：

一、in的用法：

in用在一些动词、名词、形容词后面，以引出附加信息。in 还与表示动作的动词连用，如 walk，push等,还用在诸如 give in，dig in 等短语动词中。

in作介词在句中弱读，作副词在句中重读。指能用in的表达方式有in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening和in the night。

二、on的用法：

日期前的on常被省略。表示“手脚上的斑点”时，应用介词on；on the river在不同意境下，意思不同。

三、for的用法：

for是并列连词,引导的是并列从句,表示原因的语气很弱,一般是对结果作出推断性的补充说明或解释,不表示直接原因, for前多加逗号。

四、at的用法：

用于地方时，at指较小的地方，如指城镇时。

说到商店、机关、学校等，假使看作一个地点（point)用at。假使看作一个场所(place)用in，the barber's (理发店），Green's (Green所开的店）等前面只用at。

说到门牌用at，如live at 1184 Zhongshan Road，路名前面该用in，而说“在……路口”用at。

用于时间时，可表示时刻，如at night，at three o'clock，at any time等。也可表示较短的时期。

五、about的用法：

在指“不久就要……”时，后通常接不定式，如about to start。也有接动名词，如about starting。但是不可再加表示时间的词，如不可说about starting at once。

六、under的用法：

under表示静止的空间位置时,意思是“在…的正下方”“在…的下面”; 也可指在某物的脚边或底下,即“在…底下”“在…脚下”; 还可指在人身体某部位之下; 有时还可引申表示“在…遮蔽〔保护〕之下”。

介词又称作前置词，表示它后面的名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句）与其他句子成分的关系。介词通常位于名词或代词之前。

介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，只能用在一个名词、代词或相当于名词的结构之前，可以与后面的词一起构成介词短语。

介词与不及物动词搭配，不及物动词不能够直接跟宾语，且没有被动语态。但是和介词搭配后，不及物动词不但可以跟宾语，也有了被动语态。

常用介词短语：

after all 毕竟，到底

day after day 日复一日

one after another 接二连三

page after page一页又一页地

英语介词简介 表示时间的介词 表示场所和方向的介词 其他介词 表示时间的介词 表示"时间"的介词如下: 表示年,月,日时刻等用at,in,on 表示时间的前后用before,after 表示期限等用by,untill,till 表示期间等用for,during,through 表示时间的起点等用from,since 表示时间的经过等用in,within 表示年,月,日时刻等用at,in,on at 用于表示时刻,时间的某一点 at noon at night at present at 8 o'clock We usually have lunch at 12. on 用于某天,某天的上,下午(指具体某一天时,一律用on) 返回 on Monday on Tuesday morning on June 12th on a cold night on the night of May 1st We didn't listen to the lecture on Friday afternoon. in 用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指的上午,下午,晚上 in the week in May in spring in 1992 in the morning in the afternoon 返回 in the night People go skating in winter. 表示时间的前后用before,after before 在...之前 Wash your hands before dinner. He will call me before he leaves here. after 在...之后 Let's sing some songs after school. Please close the door after you leave the room. 表示期限等用by,untill,till by 在...之前;截至... How many English books had you read by the end of last year. untill(till) 直到...为止 (untill 与 till 可通用) We didn't begin to watch TV untill (till) nine o'clock. I'll wait for him untill he comes here. 表示期间等用for,during,through for 达...之久 返回 He has lived here for 20 years. We will stay in the city for two days. during 在...期间 They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays. through 一直...(从开始到结束) They played the cards through the night. 表示时间的起点等用from,since from 从...起(时间) The meeting will be held from eight to ten. The meeting will be held at eight since 自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续) I have been sick since yesterday. The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. 表示时间的经过等用in,within 返回 in 在...后(未来时间) in an hour in a week or so He will be back in five hours. They said they would arrive here in a week. within 不超过...的范围 within 3 hours I must finish painting the cat within five minutes. They worked hard. They finished the work within 2 days at last. 表示场所,方向的介词 表示场所的介词: at,in,on,under,by,near,between. 表示方向的介词: into,out of,along,acros,through,to,from. at,in at 在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所) 返回 at school at home at No.2 Baker Street at a factory I'll meet him at the Beijing railway station. in 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所) in Beijing in China in the world in the street She was born in China. on,under,over,above,below on a.在...上面,有接触面 on the desk There are two maps on the wall. b.在...靠近...的地方 on the right on the river above 在...上方 Our plane flew above the clouds. over 在...正上方,是under的反义词 返回 There is light over Li Ming. A few birds were flying over the sea. under 在...下面;在...之内 under the table under the jacket The dog is under the table. below 在...下方(不一定是正下方) There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water. near,by near 近的,不远的 near = not far Is there a bus stop near here by 在...旁边,距离比near要近 by the window by me The boy is standing by the window. between,among,around 返回 between 在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. What's the difference between A and B among 在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees. He is very popular among the students. around 环绕,在...周围,在...四周 We sat around the table. They walked around the street. in front of,behind in front of 在...的前面;在...的前部 The is a tree in front of the house. There is a big desk for the teacher in front of the classroom. behind 在...后面 是 in front of的反义词 返回 There is a tree behind the house. in,into,out of in 在...之内,用于表示静止的位置 The students are in the classroom. into 进入 The students run into the classroom. He jumped into the water. out of 和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 The students rushed out of the room. along,across,through along 沿着 I was walking along the river when it began to rain. across 横过 返回 I often swim across the river through 贯穿,通过 The river was through the city. to,for,from to 到达...地点(目的地)或方向 He came to Japan in 1980. Tom has gone to school. for 表示目的地,"向..." I'll leave for America next week. leave for 动身去... start for 出发去... from 从...地点起... It's about ten minutes' walk from here to the cinema. How far is it from our school to the hospital 其他介词 表示手段和材料的介词用with,in,by with a. 和...在一起 Will you please go with me b. 具有,带有 He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes. c. 用某工具或方法 返回 Li Li cut her hand with a knife. I see with my eyes. He wrote the letter with a new pen. in 表示用什么材料(例如用墨水,铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with,而用in She wrote a letter in black ink. Don't write it in pencil but in ink. by 通过...方法,手段 He goes to school by bicycle. of, from of (属于)...的;表示...的数量或者种类 This is a map of China. Will you please give me a cup of tea from 来自(某地,某人);以...起始(时间或地点) 返回 I'm from Nanjing. I have got a letter from my friend. without,like,as without 没有,是with的反义词 Men can't live without air and water. I can't read the book without using a dictionary. Please give me a cup of coffee without milk. Please give me a cup of coffer with milk. like 象...一样 Nancy is just like her mother. as 作为 He is famous as a scientist here. against,about 返回 against 反对;靠着 He is against the plan. The teacher is standing against the blackboard. about a. 关于;各处;身旁 Tell me something about your life. He looked about himself. I have no money about(= with) me. b. 询问某人某物的情况或提出建议 What about your sister How about going to the park