文景之治英文

一、秦朝

Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

译文：秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

二、汉朝

Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

译文：汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

三、晋朝

Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

译文：晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

四、隋朝

Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

译文：隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

译文：唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

扩展资料：

中国历史（中国区域范围内的历史）

中国历史是指中国从中华文明产生到现在的历史。中国历史悠久，自黄帝部落的姬轩辕（也称公孙轩辕）时期算起约有5000年；从三皇五帝算起约有4600年；自夏朝算起约有近4100年；从中国第一次大统一的中央集权制的秦朝算起约有2240年。

中国历经多次政权演变和朝代更迭，也曾是世界上最强大的国家，经济、文化、科技世界瞩目。中国史前时期炎黄二帝被尊奉为中华民族的人文始祖。

约公元前2070年，中国最早的国家夏朝出现。东周推进了生产力发展和社会变革，思想上形成百家争鸣的局面。公元前221年，秦始皇建立了中国历史上第一个统一的专制主义中央集权帝国—秦朝，西汉进一步巩固和发展了大一统的局面。

三国两晋南北朝时，中国陷入分裂割据局面，五胡乱华期间，异族融于中国趋势加强，诸多民族在分立政权的冲突中逐渐汇聚。隋唐时期，中央与边疆少数民族联系更为密切，经济繁荣、科技文化高度发展。

宋元时期，多元文化碰撞交融，经济、科技发展到新的高度。明朝鼎盛时期，社会经济高度发展，明末在江南地区出现资本主义萌芽。

19世纪中期，鸦片战争后中国开始沦为半殖民地半封建社会。1911年辛亥革命，推翻了帝制，确立了共和政体。袁世凯死后，中国进入军阀割据混乱时期。

后经国民大革命，土地革命，抗日战争以及解放战争，终于在1949年成立中华人民共和国。又经1966年到1976年的文化大革命。1978年后中国开始实行改革开放政策，中国经济快速发展，2011年中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

参考资料来源：百度百科-中国历史

For "and family" policy, we can not have sub-national level view of the feudal ethics, the modern concept of human rights and literary description, but should see it at the time and subsequently has a great significance. 1. "And pro" policy implementation and development, formed a united front-based coalition to reduce the war, eliminating the threat of brutal war and destruction. Han emperor and culture, King of the world, the need for domestic stability and strength of such factors as inadequate and the Huns, "and pro" is actually the conclusion of a political alliance, a political marriage, is a united front-based strategy . "Records? Hun Biography" contains, Wen when "things on recovery and pro-", "Han and the Xiongnu about brothers." Even when the Emperor all along the expedition, its intent nor the Hun territories occupied in the stability of the border. Although Emperor Hun big expeditions, but his clique are surrendering to treat the people of the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu leader's attitude and policy, the performance of his comfort Hun, for unity and stability intended. To the Han Emperor, Emperor Yuan when this alliance stronger, more expansion of its scope. History set, "First, since the Wu-sun to rest in Asian countries west near the Huns who are afraid of the light Hun Han, and Hu Hanxie Chanyu Korean and Chinese, the salty respect Chinese carry on" Comprehensive Mirror 'Han Ji 19. In addition, the Western Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty set up Protectorate of the Western and other historical facts, it also proves the correctness of this strategy and positive. This type of alliance united front to the northeast, the northwest border Han ethnic harassment not played a consolidating frontier defense, stability, border, stable society and promote the role of the exchange, but also the Eastern Han Dynasty and later exchange and integration of the various nationalities, laid basis. 2. "And pro" policy implementation and development, so that the basic order and stability border, the two dynasties of people suffering from war, but also make the national trade in the initial launch, the development of agricultural production significantly. In the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu and the first phase of the pro, though still often harassing invaders Hun Han border, but has not worsened as the large-scale conflict, the respite to early Han Dynasty to insist on implementing the policy, forming a "Wenjing" feudal prosperity, for the height of the Han Dynasty and the Chinese society has laid a solid foundation for progress. To Zhao Di, Xuan, Emperor Yuan and the subsequent decades, the border become more stable, more people without fighting. As when the Huns in the request and the pro said: "willing to sleep soldiers rested horses, except the former matter, it is about rehabilitation, to inhabitants of border security?? To those obtaining the growth of small, old man De'an the Department, the ages of Pingle" Han) s' Hun Biography. While "and pro", the Han dynasty a year, "Rao to" and reward a lot of Zeng Hun, Xu, wine, rice and other things, but compared with the Huns looting, war costs, war damage and production of life, after all, are the little. Trade Market and contacts through a large number of means of subsistence and advanced production tools, skills, experience the flow of Hun minority areas, ethnic areas to promote the production of Hun development and social progress, but also conducive to the socio-economic development of the Han Dynasty. Ming Yang Jisheng even frontier known and pro-alias. 3. "And pro" policy implementation and development, and promoting national integration, ethnic relations is conducive to the development and consolidation of multi-ethnic state. Spring and Autumn Period in China before the Chinese barbarians and domestic, national distinction is not clear, and to farming people, nomads and other divides, ethnic contacts are also common. To the Western Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the defense of military supply and implement the Military Garrison and immigration and frontiers; in terms of the Huns, because of war or civil strife clique are surrendering the Han Dynasty who buy Chinese government over the vassal state to facilitate the production and management, most of the rest in the Chanyu south is still the case, said Paul fan plug. In this way, "and pro", the Huns and other peoples with a blend of Central Plains in the political, economic interdependence, cultural interpenetration, Central China's agricultural economic zones and economic zones in northern nomadic initial success achieved confluence of the Han and the Xiongnu tribe equal exchanges between peoples, the Huns people further development of production, culture has been greatly enhanced production of various ethnic, lifestyle approaches, which at that time and future generations played a role in promoting national integration, but also to determine the scope of China's territory, laid the foundation . At the same time, "and pro" or consolidate, or expand, or extend, or repair of the Silk Road, to the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions as well as other ethnic groups closer relationship through political, economic and cultural exchange activities, said, increasingly integrated, unified multi-ethnic country has further consolidated. It is from the Western Han, the ethnic history of temper after a long, exchange and integration of the cast of the common unity of all ethnic groups of China laid the solid foundations needed for the development of 4. "And pro" policy of some lessons for us today, dealing with ethnic relations, development of national policy, good national work has a reference or reference. Han Hungary "and the family" was two different types of complementary economic and cultural, the inevitable result of interaction, economic and cultural exchanges between the two peoples basic way. Despite this complementarity, interaction and communication, the exchange associated with ethnic conflict and oppression, not a harmonious manner, but for the development and progress of the two peoples has a positive meaning. The underlying causes of this progress are complementary in economic and cultural exchanges, is the policy of the ethnic conflict, ethnic discrimination, consciously or unconsciously get rid of and eliminate the effort. Today, we consolidate and develop the equality, unity and harmonious socialist ethnic relations, the key is to promote the nation's economic and cultural development. Our western development strategy, building a well-off society, the ideal of building a socialist harmonious society and other objectives, and ultimately, their focus and are difficult to solve various problems in ethnic regions. Fully aware of this, is the common unity of all ethnic groups, the premise of common prosperity and development of ideas. In short, the Western Han Dynasty, "and pro" policy is the Western Han rulers adopted a policy and political marriage of Jimi, the subjective is to safeguard the interests of the ruling class, but denied its historical inevitability and progressive nature, but denied it for the maintenance of ethnic relations and promote development of production, stability, border, promoting integration, strengthen the unity of the Pattern of diversity and unity as well as the significance

一、秦朝

1、Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

The ancestors of the Qin Dynasty were descendants of Huangdi's Sun Juan-xuan, and Shun gave him his surname. In the time of Emperor Qin Mugong, Ren Xian was an envoy.

he was modest in admonishing, he destroyed the country twelve times, opened the ground thousands of miles, and his national strength was growing. In the first 361 years,.

the Emperor Xiaogong of Qin succeeded to the throne and made use of Shang Yang's two reforms, which made the economy of the Qin State develop.

and the army's fighting capacity continue to strengthen and become the richest and strongest vassal state in the later Warring States Period.

The Qin government successively destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and accomplished the great cause of reunification. In 221 years ago.

the government of Qin Kingdom was called emperor, and the history of Qin Shihuang was called emperor.

The Qin Dynasty set up three princes and Nine Emperors in the central government to manage state affairs; abolished the feudal system at the local level.

replaced by the county system; and implemented the system of books and articles, cars and rails, and unified weights and measures.

To attack the Huns in the north and Hundreds of Vietnamese in the south, to build the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, and to dig Lingqu to open up the water system.

The establishment of centralized power system has laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2000 years and laid the foundation for the rule of the Great Unity Dynasty in China.

Therefore, it is called "the Qin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are the capital of the hundred dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in Chinese history.

It has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese history. In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province).

His son Hu Hai ascended the throne and was the second Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty had great influence in history, it abused the people's power and unified only for more than ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chopped wood as soldiers and rose to the top. The world responded.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu jointly fought against the Qin Dynasty in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the first 207 years, Qin died.

2、中文翻译

秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

秦穆公时，任贤使能，虚心纳谏，灭国十二，开地千里，国力日盛。前361年，秦孝公继位，重用商鞅两次变法，使秦国的经济得到发展，军队战斗力不断加强，发展成为战国后期最富强的诸侯国。

秦王政先后灭韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐，完成统一大业。前221年，秦王政称帝，史称“秦始皇”。

秦朝在中央设三公九卿，管理国家大事；地方上废除分封制，代以郡县制；实行书同文、车同轨、统一度量衡。对外北击匈奴，南征百越，筑长城以拒外敌，凿灵渠以通水系。

中央集权制度的建立，奠定中国2000余年政治制度基本格局，奠定中国大一统王朝的统治基础，故称“百代都行秦政法” 。

秦朝结束了自春秋战国以来五百年来诸侯分裂割据的局面，成为中国历史上第一个多民族共融的中央集权制国家。

对中国历史产生了深远影响。前210年，秦始皇巡游途中病死于沙丘（今河北省广宗县西北）。其子胡亥即位，为秦二世。

秦王朝虽在历史上拥有巨大影响，但滥用民力，统一仅十余年。前209年，陈胜、吴广斩木为兵，揭竿而起，天下响应，刘邦、项羽起兵江淮共抗秦。前207年，秦亡。

二、汉朝

1、Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was crowned King of the Han Dynasty. In 202 B.C., after the victory of the Chu-Han struggle, the emperor established the Han Dynasty.

historically known as the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an. Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty carried out the national policy of recuperation.

health and rest to create the rule of Wen Jing; Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty opened up silk road and exploited land to achieve the "prosperity of Han Wu" after taking office.

and the national strength reached its peak in the period of Emperor Xuandi of HanDynasty.

In 8 AD, Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an was known as the New Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty perished.

In 25 AD, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still used the Han Dynasty as the national name and was historically called the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" after unification of the world.

Emperor Hanming and Emperor Hanzhang followed the light and humble Fu to create "Mingzhang Zhi".

Emperor Hanhe broke through the Northern Huns and recovered the Western Regions after succession to the throne, creating "Yongyuan Long", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.

The Yellow Towel Uprising broke out in 184 A.D., but the suppression of civil unrest led to local self-respect.

After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the name of the Eastern Han Dynasty survived. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

After Liu Bei established Shuhan to continue the Han Dynasty, China entered the Three Kingdoms Period.

2、中文翻译

汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

秦末天下大乱，刘邦在推翻秦朝后被封为汉王。公元前202年，楚汉之争获胜后称帝建立汉朝，史称西汉；定都长安。汉文帝、汉景帝推行休养生息国策开创“文景之治”。

汉武帝即位后开辟丝路、攘夷拓土成就“汉武盛世”；至汉宣帝时期国力达到极盛。公元8年，王莽废西汉末帝，定都常安，史称新朝，西汉灭亡。

公元25年，刘秀统一天下后，仍沿用汉作为国号，史称东汉。定都洛阳 ，统一天下后息兵养民，史称“光武中兴”；汉明帝、汉章帝沿袭轻徭薄赋，开创“明章之治”。

汉和帝继位后大破北匈奴、收复西域，开创“永元之隆” ，东汉国力达到极盛[。公元184年爆发黄巾起义，虽剿灭民乱却导致地方拥兵自重，董卓之乱后东汉名存实亡。公元220年曹丕篡汉，东汉灭亡。

三、晋朝

1、Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in Chinese history, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties.

There were fifteen emperors in the two Jin Dynasties, for a total of one hundred and fifty-five years.

Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty in 266 AD. His name was Jin and his capital was Luoyang.

He was historically called the Western Jin Dynasty. In 280 AD, he destroyed Wu and achieved unification.

After the Eight Kings'Rebellion and Yongjia's disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 316, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians.

and the North was in chaos. Historically, it was called the "Five Hu Hua". In 317, Jinshi went south, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye.

and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many Northern Expeditions. It was temporarily consolidated after the battle between Eastern Jin Dynasty and Fengshui Pre-Qin Dynasty in 383.

During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, moved from the north to the south.

2、中文翻译

晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

公元266年司马炎篡魏，建国号为晋，定都洛阳，史称西晋，公元280年灭吴，完成统一。后经历八王之乱和永嘉之祸，国势渐衰，316年西晋被北方蛮族灭亡，北方陷于混乱，史称五胡乱华。

317年，晋室南渡，司马睿在建邺建立东晋，东晋曾多次北伐。383年东晋与前秦淝水之战后得到暂时巩固。

四、隋朝

1、Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

In February 581, the Jingdi Chan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gave way to Yang Jian, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty collapsed. Yang Jian's national name is "Sui Dynasty".

Dingdu Daxing City (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 589, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed in the South and China was unified.

ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty assumed the throne.

Yuwenkai was ordered to build Tokyo and move the capital of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, people's livelihood was prosperous, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was clear and bright.

which created a prosperous situation of the rule of emperor. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built through the north and the south.

However, because of the excessive consumption of national power, it led to the people's revolt and noble rebellion in the late Sui Dynasty.

2、中文翻译

隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

公元581年二月，北周静帝禅让于杨坚，北周覆亡。杨坚定国号为“隋”，定都大兴城（今陕西西安）。公元589年南下灭陈朝，统一中国，结束了自西晋末年以来长达近300年的分裂局面。

公元605年，隋炀帝即位后，令宇文恺营建东京，同年下诏迁都洛阳（今河南洛阳）。隋文帝在位年间社会民生富庶、人民安居乐业、政治清明，开创了开皇之治繁荣局面。

五、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Tang Emperor, set up the Tang Dynasty in Jinyang. The next year, he called the Emperor Chang'an.

Tang Taizong initiated Zhenguan Zhi after he succeeded to the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian, with the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang as the capital of Dingdu, was known as Wuzhou in history.

He created a situation of "inheriting Zhengguan from the past and opening up Yuan from the next", which laid a foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Shenlong Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong inaugurated the flourishing era of Wanbang's coming to dynasty.

Tianbaomei has a population of about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, Fanzhen's separatist regime and eunuch's autocratic power led to the decline of national power.

2、中文翻译

唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

隋末天下群雄并起，617年，唐国公李渊于晋阳起兵，次年于长安称帝建立唐朝。唐太宗继位后开创了贞观之治。

唐高宗承贞观遗风开创永徽之治。690年，武则天以周代唐，定都洛阳，史称武周，开创了“上承贞观，下启开元”的治世局面，为盛唐的出现奠定了基础。

705年，神龙革命之后，唐中宗恢复唐朝国号。 唐玄宗即位后开创了万邦来朝的开元盛世。 天宝末全国人口达八千万左右。

参考资料来源：百度百科——秦朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——汉朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——晋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——隋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科——唐朝

文景之治是西汉文帝，景帝两代40年左右的时间政治稳定、经济生产得到显著发展 的“盛世”。西汉王朝建立后，汉高祖、惠帝、吕后都着力于农业生产，稳定封建统治秩序，收到了显著的成效。文景两帝相继即位后，又在这基础上进一步采取了轻徭薄赋，与民休息的措施，这便是历史上所称的“文景之治”。

一、唐朝

1、Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was a unified Central Plains Dynasty after the Sui Dynasty. It had twenty-one emperors and enjoyed the country for 289 years.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together. In 617, Li Yuan, the Tang Emperor, set up the Tang Dynasty in Jinyang. The next year, he called the Emperor Chang'an.

Tang Taizong initiated Zhenguan Zhi after he succeeded to the throne. Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan and initiated the rule of Yonghui.

In 690, Wu Zetian, with the Tang Dynasty of Zhou Dynasty and Luoyang as the capital of Dingdu, was known as Wuzhou in history.

He created a situation of "inheriting Zhengguan from the past and opening up Yuan from the next", which laid a foundation for the emergence of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

In 705, after the Shenlong Revolution, Tang Zhongzong restored the title of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong inaugurated the flourishing era of Wanbang's coming to dynasty.

Tianbaomei has a population of about 80 million. After the Anshi Rebellion, Fanzhen's separatist regime and eunuch's autocratic power led to the decline of national power.

2.中文翻译

唐朝（618年—907年），是继隋朝之后的大一统中原王朝，共历二十一帝，享国二百八十九年。

隋末天下群雄并起，617年，唐国公李渊于晋阳起兵，次年于长安称帝建立唐朝。唐太宗继位后开创了贞观之治。

唐高宗承贞观遗风开创永徽之治。690年，武则天以周代唐，定都洛阳，史称武周，开创了“上承贞观，下启开元”的治世局面，为盛唐的出现奠定了基础。

705年，神龙革命之后，唐中宗恢复唐朝国号。 唐玄宗即位后开创了万邦来朝的开元盛世。 天宝末全国人口达八千万左右。

二、秦朝

1、Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC) was the first unified dynasty in the history of China developed by the Qin State in the Warring States Period.

The ancestors of the Qin Dynasty were descendants of Huangdi's Sun Juan-xuan, and Shun gave him his surname. In the time of Emperor Qin Mugong, Ren Xian was an envoy.

he was modest in admonishing, he destroyed the country twelve times, opened the ground thousands of miles, and his national strength was growing. In the first 361 years,.

the Emperor Xiaogong of Qin succeeded to the throne and made use of Shang Yang's two reforms, which made the economy of the Qin State develop.

and the army's fighting capacity continue to strengthen and become the richest and strongest vassal state in the later Warring States Period.

The Qin government successively destroyed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and accomplished the great cause of reunification. In 221 years ago.

the government of Qin Kingdom was called emperor, and the history of Qin Shihuang was called emperor.

The Qin Dynasty set up three princes and Nine Emperors in the central government to manage state affairs; abolished the feudal system at the local level.

replaced by the county system; and implemented the system of books and articles, cars and rails, and unified weights and measures.

To attack the Huns in the north and Hundreds of Vietnamese in the south, to build the Great Wall to resist foreign enemies, and to dig Lingqu to open up the water system.

The establishment of centralized power system has laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2000 years and laid the foundation for the rule of the Great Unity Dynasty in China.

Therefore, it is called "the Qin Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty are the capital of the hundred dynasties".

The Qin Dynasty ended the five hundred years since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and became the first centralized state with multi-ethnic integration in Chinese history.

It has exerted a far-reaching influence on Chinese history. In the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang died of illness in the sand dunes during his cruise (now northwest of Guangzong County, Hebei Province).

His son Hu Hai ascended the throne and was the second Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty had great influence in history, it abused the people's power and unified only for more than ten years.

In the first 209 years, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang chopped wood as soldiers and rose to the top. The world responded.

Liu Bang and Xiang Yu jointly fought against the Qin Dynasty in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. In the first 207 years, Qin died.

2.中文翻译

秦朝（前221—前207）是由战国时期的秦国发展起来的中国历史上第一个大一统王朝，秦人的祖先大费是黄帝之孙颛顼的后裔，舜赐其嬴姓。

秦穆公时，任贤使能，虚心纳谏，灭国十二，开地千里，国力日盛。前361年，秦孝公继位，重用商鞅两次变法，使秦国的经济得到发展，军队战斗力不断加强，发展成为战国后期最富强的诸侯国。

秦王政先后灭韩、赵、魏、楚、燕、齐，完成统一大业。前221年，秦王政称帝，史称“秦始皇”。

秦朝在中央设三公九卿，管理国家大事；地方上废除分封制，代以郡县制；实行书同文、车同轨、统一度量衡。对外北击匈奴，南征百越，筑长城以拒外敌，凿灵渠以通水系。

中央集权制度的建立，奠定中国2000余年政治制度基本格局，奠定中国大一统王朝的统治基础，故称“百代都行秦政法” 。

秦朝结束了自春秋战国以来五百年来诸侯分裂割据的局面，成为中国历史上第一个多民族共融的中央集权制国家。

对中国历史产生了深远影响。前210年，秦始皇巡游途中病死于沙丘（今河北省广宗县西北）。其子胡亥即位，为秦二世。

秦王朝虽在历史上拥有巨大影响，但滥用民力，统一仅十余年。前209年，陈胜、吴广斩木为兵，揭竿而起，天下响应，刘邦、项羽起兵江淮共抗秦。前207年，秦亡。

三、隋朝

1、Sui Dynasty

The Sui Dynasty (581-618 or 619) was a unified dynasty in Chinese history, which inherited the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty.

In February 581, the Jingdi Chan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gave way to Yang Jian, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty collapsed. Yang Jian's national name is "Sui Dynasty".

Dingdu Daxing City (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). In 589, the Chen Dynasty was destroyed in the South and China was unified.

ending nearly 300 years of division since the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 605 AD, after Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty assumed the throne.

Yuwenkai was ordered to build Tokyo and move the capital of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) in the same year.

During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, people's livelihood was prosperous, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and politics was clear and bright.

which created a prosperous situation of the rule of emperor. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal was built through the north and the south.

However, because of the excessive consumption of national power, it led to the people's revolt and noble rebellion in the late Sui Dynasty.

2.中文翻译

隋朝（581年—618年或619年）是中国历史上承南北朝下启唐朝的大一统朝代。

公元581年二月，北周静帝禅让于杨坚，北周覆亡。杨坚定国号为“隋”，定都大兴城（今陕西西安）。公元589年南下灭陈朝，统一中国，结束了自西晋末年以来长达近300年的分裂局面。

公元605年，隋炀帝即位后，令宇文恺营建东京，同年下诏迁都洛阳（今河南洛阳）。隋文帝在位年间社会民生富庶、人民安居乐业、政治清明，开创了开皇之治繁荣局面。

四、汉朝

1、Han Dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago, 25-220 years ago) was a unified dynasty after the Qin Dynasty. It was mainly divided into the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After overthrowing the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was crowned King of the Han Dynasty. In 202 B.C., after the victory of the Chu-Han struggle, the emperor established the Han Dynasty.

historically known as the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an. Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty and Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty carried out the national policy of recuperation.

health and rest to create the rule of Wen Jing; Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty opened up silk road and exploited land to achieve the "prosperity of Han Wu" after taking office.

and the national strength reached its peak in the period of Emperor Xuandi of HanDynasty.

In 8 AD, Wang Mang abolished the late emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Dingdu Chang'an was known as the New Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty perished.

In 25 AD, after Liu Xiu unified the world, he still used the Han Dynasty as the national name and was historically called the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Luoyang, the capital of Dingdu, was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" after unification of the world.

Emperor Hanming and Emperor Hanzhang followed the light and humble Fu to create "Mingzhang Zhi".

Emperor Hanhe broke through the Northern Huns and recovered the Western Regions after succession to the throne, creating "Yongyuan Long", and the national strength of the Eastern Han Dynasty reached its peak.

The Yellow Towel Uprising broke out in 184 A.D., but the suppression of civil unrest led to local self-respect.

After the Dong Zhuo Rebellion, the name of the Eastern Han Dynasty survived. In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.

After Liu Bei established Shuhan to continue the Han Dynasty, China entered the Three Kingdoms Period.

2.中文翻译

汉朝（前202年-8年,25年-220年）是继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，主要分为西汉、东汉时期，共历29帝，享国四百零五年。

秦末天下大乱，刘邦在推翻秦朝后被封为汉王。公元前202年，楚汉之争获胜后称帝建立汉朝，史称西汉；定都长安。汉文帝、汉景帝推行休养生息国策开创“文景之治”。

汉武帝即位后开辟丝路、攘夷拓土成就“汉武盛世”；至汉宣帝时期国力达到极盛。公元8年，王莽废西汉末帝，定都常安，史称新朝，西汉灭亡。

公元25年，刘秀统一天下后，仍沿用汉作为国号，史称东汉。定都洛阳 ，统一天下后息兵养民，史称“光武中兴”；汉明帝、汉章帝沿袭轻徭薄赋，开创“明章之治”。

汉和帝继位后大破北匈奴、收复西域，开创“永元之隆” ，东汉国力达到极盛[。公元184年爆发黄巾起义，虽剿灭民乱却导致地方拥兵自重，董卓之乱后东汉名存实亡。

公元220年曹丕篡汉，东汉灭亡。

五、晋朝

1、Jin Dynasty

Jin Dynasty (266-420 years), a dynasty in Chinese history, was divided into two periods: the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty was one of the unified dynasties in Chinese history, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was one of the six dynasties.

There were fifteen emperors in the two Jin Dynasties, for a total of one hundred and fifty-five years.

Sima Yan usurped the Wei Dynasty in 266 AD. His name was Jin and his capital was Luoyang.

He was historically called the Western Jin Dynasty. In 280 AD, he destroyed Wu and achieved unification.

After the Eight Kings'Rebellion and Yongjia's disaster, the national situation gradually declined. In 316, the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the northern barbarians.

and the North was in chaos. Historically, it was called the "Five Hu Hua". In 317, Jinshi went south, Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jianye.

and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had many Northern Expeditions. It was temporarily consolidated after the battle between Eastern Jin Dynasty and Fengshui Pre-Qin Dynasty in 383.

During the Jin Dynasty, Wuhu moved to the Central Plains, strengthened ethnic integration, moved from the north to the south.

2、中文翻译

晋朝（266年－420年），中国历史上的朝代，上承三国下启南北朝，分为西晋与东晋两个时期，其中西晋为中国历史上大一统王朝之一，东晋则属于六朝之一，两晋共传十五帝，共一百五十五年。

公元266年司马炎篡魏，建国号为晋，定都洛阳，史称西晋，公元280年灭吴，完成统一。后经历八王之乱和永嘉之祸，国势渐衰，316年西晋被北方蛮族灭亡，北方陷于混乱，史称五胡乱华。

317年，晋室南渡，司马睿在建邺建立东晋，东晋曾多次北伐。383年东晋与前秦淝水之战后得到暂时巩固。

参考资料来源：百度百科-秦朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-汉朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-晋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-隋朝

参考资料来源：百度百科-唐朝

汉高祖总结了秦朝灭亡的教训，采取与民休息的政策，到汉惠帝时候进一步推行黄老无为政治。到了文帝景帝时期，继续实行轻徭薄赋、奖励生产、与民休养的政策。扭转了汉初以来经济落后、政局不稳的局面，使社会经济由恢复而发展，出现了人民富裕富，府库富裕景象，史称“文景之治”。