Rural medical and public investment in rural residents health plays a very important role, and rural residents health is improving and influence the farmers' income in the development of rural economy important factors. Therefore, based on the analysis of rural medical service based on the status quo of public investment, this paper discusses the rural medical service public investment effects of rural residents health channel, and using the statistical data of 2000-2009 by constructing simultaneous equations model to research conclusion statistics test. The study found that influence the channel, rural medical service public investment mainly through new cooperative medical system, medical treatment, medical treatment cost, reduce maternity and child care and health education, disease prevention and control mechanism to influence of rural residents' health; Statistics test indicates that, through the upgrade rural remit 采纳哦