不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式是一种非限定动词是因为它不受到主语的人称和数的限制。虽说不定式有“一般态”“进行态”“完成态”的变化,不过它不受“现在、过去、将来”的时间限制。我们说不定式具有动词的特征是因为:它可以有自己的宾语,可以受副词的修饰等。我们说不定式具有名词的特征是因为:它可以作主语和宾语。我们说不定式具有形容词的特征是因为:它可以作定语。我们说不定式具有副词的特征是因为:它可以作状语。不定式的分类不定式可以分为两种"带to的不定式"和"不带to的不定式"。不定式的句法功能不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语和状语:1. 不定式作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy.学外语不容易。Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗?2. 不定式作宾语I forgot to turn the oven on.我忘记打开炉子。3. 不定式作宾补Will you help me plant this tree, please?请您帮我种这棵树好吗?4. 不定式作定语He has a lot of questions to ask.他有许多问题要问。5. 不定式作表语Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist.迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。6. 不定式作状语She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a bigrock by the side of the path.她搜查了山顶上,然后在路边的一块大石头上停下来休息。不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语有以下三种句型:句型(1) 不定式短语 + 谓语动词句型(2) It's + 形容词 + for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语句型(3) It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语在这一条目中,只讲述句型(1),例外两个结构在以下条目中讲述。To know oneself is difficult.了解自己很困难。在英语句子的表述中倾向主语短小一些,谓语部分长一些,以保持句子的结构平衡。故上句可以改写如下:It's difficult to know oneself.To go to school on foot every day takes me half an hour.It takes me half an hour to go to school on foot every day.我每天步行上学花费半个小时。To read this book through will require time and patience.It will require time and patience to read this book through.读完这本书需要时间与耐心。不定式作主语(2)It's+ 形容词 +for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语It's kind of you to think so much of us.难为你这样替我们着想。It's very nice of you to be so considerate.你太好了想得这么周到。It's unwise of them to turn down the proposal.他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。It's bad for your health to sit up to late at night.晚上睡得太晚对你的健康有害。It's not easy for you to get him to change his mind.你要说服他改变主意是不容易的。It's impossible for him to give up smoking.要他戒烟是不可能的。适合这个结构的形容词有以下这些:一. 倾向用"of"kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid,careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite,二. 倾向用"for"costly, illegal, immoral, unfair, unhealthy, unjust, unlawful, unreasonable,不定式作主语(3)It's+ 形容词 +for/of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语of和for的判断It's+ 形容词 +of 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语的句子可以做如下改写:It's kind of you to think so much of us.You are kind to think so much of us.难为你这样替我们着想。It's+ 形容词 +for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语不能做如上改写。我们可以通过尝试改写,来确定选择"of"还是"for"。不定式作主语(4)It's + 名词 + for 逻辑主语 + 不定式短语It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.我们来参加这个大会是很荣幸的。It will be a mistake for us not to help him.我们不帮助他们将是一个错误。适用这种句型的有以下这些名词:pleasure, pity, mistake, honour不定式作宾语(1)有些动词常用动词不定式作宾语We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.我们约定在这里见面,但是到现在她都还没露面。He offered to help us.他提出要帮助我们。Mary begged to go with us.玛丽恳求同我们一块去。常用动词不定式作宾语的有如下动词:agree, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continuedecide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hate, hopeintend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, preferpretend, promise, refuse, start, try, undertake, want, wish不定式作宾语(2)主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 形容词/名词/代词 + 不定式解释:这里的"it"是形式宾语,"形容词/名词/代词"是宾补,"不定式"是真实宾语。这里需要用"it"做形式宾语的原因是不定式短语太长,而挪到后面去,以保持句子的平衡。We think it wrong to tell a lie.我们认为说谎是不对的。I felt it useless for us to say anything further.我觉得我们再说下去也没有用。I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running.我已经养成习惯,早早起床,洗个冷水澡,然后去跑步。They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.他们发现不可能把一切按时准备好。I consider it better not to go.我认为还是不去为好。形容词 + 不定式主语 + be动词 + 形容词 + 不定式这种句型中的主语通常是人,形容词多半是描述此人的态度或情感状况。I'm glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。He was angry to see nothing had been done.他看到什么事都没有做成而很生气。She is eager to learn to speak English.他急切地要学说英语。She was disappointed to know that you won't be able to come toher birthday party.她得知你不能来参加她的生日晚会而很失望。以下是常用于词类句型的形容词:afraid, anxious, ashamed, careful, content, delighted, desirous,determined, eager, fortune, glad, grieve, happy, hesitant,impatient, lucky, pleased, prepared, proud, ready, relieve,reluctant, simple, willing,amazed* astonished* disappointed* sad* shocked*sorry* stunned* surprised* upset*带星号的形容词后面常接:to see, to learn, to discover, to find out, to hear
不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,有不定式符号to家动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。我们说不定式具有动词的特征是因为:它可以有自己的宾语,可以受副词的修饰等。简单明了来说动词不定式就是to do 形式例如 I want to be a doctor when I grow up.这里to be就是不定式。
你好,很高兴为你解答:英语中“动词不定式”是非谓语动词的一种。非谓语动词分为三种:动词不定式(to do)动词的现在分词(doing)动词的过去分词(done)那什么叫非谓语动词呢?顾名思义,非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词。它具有动词的含义,却有名词或者形容词的特征。所以在句子中,非谓语动词可以做主语(过去分词不能单独做主语)、表语、宾语(过去分词不能单独做宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。下面我就“动词不定式”的用法归纳如下:1.动词不定式做主语(谓语用第三人称单数形式,如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.)To see is to believe.It's a bad habit to run after dinner.2 做表语The important things is to save lives.3 做宾语He likes to play with children.4 做宾语补足语He feels it happy to help others.5 做定语He is always the first one to come and the last to leave.6 做状语You are never too old to learn.(结果状语)
不定式是非谓语动词的一种,不能单独用做谓语. 其构成形式是不定式符号to加上动词原型,不定式符号to没有意义. 其作用在句子中除了不能单独用做谓语,其他成分都可担当. 不定式做主语:To dance is a lot of fun 跳舞非常有趣 不定式做表语:The best plan is to leave at once.最上策的计划就是马山离开这里. 不定式做宾语:They began to read and write.他们开始读和写. 不定式做宾语补足语:Lucy told him not to cry.路希告诉他不要哭. 不定式做壮语:He came to give us a talk yesterday.他昨天来(为了)给我们做报告. 不定式做定语:Have you got anything to say?你还有什么要说的吗?