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知识点总结
什么是定语从句?
定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如,a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。
定语从句的构成
定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,相当于形容词,在句中作定语。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。
关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。
定语从句的分类
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、由who, whom, that,Whose引导的从句
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher
你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
(4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor.
那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
2、由which, that引导的从句
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
注意: 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which: