用英语介绍卢浮宫

The Musée du Louvre — in English the Louvre Museum — is a historic monument in Paris and the national museum of France. It is a central landmark of the city, located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (neighbourhood). It's the most visited museum in the world and arguably the most famous one. Nearly 35,000 objects from the 6th millennium BC to the 19th century AD are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet).The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortress built in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are still visible. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1672, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antique sculpture.[3] In 1692, the building was occupied by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres and the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Académie remained at the Louvre for 100 years.[4] During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum, to display the nation's masterpieces.The museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being confiscated church and royal property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed in 1796 until 1801. The size of the collection increased under Napoleon when the museum was renamed the Musée Napoléon. After his defeat at Waterloo, many works seized by Napoleon's armies were returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and gifts since the Third Republic, except during the two World Wars. As of 2008, the collection is divided among eight curatorial departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; and Prints and Drawings.

The Louvre, in its successive architectural metamorphoses, has dominated central Paris since the late 12th century. Built on the city's western edge, the original structure was gradually engulfed as the city grew. The dark fortress of the early days was transformed into the modernized dwelling of François I and, later, the sumptuous palace of the Sun King, Louis XIV. Here we explore the history of this extraordinary edifice and of the museum that has occupied it since 1793. The Louvre: A Rich Past, An Ambitious Future "Open to all since 1793": From the outset, the Louvre has embodied the concept of a truly "universal" institution. Universal in the scope of its collections, it is also universal in its appeal to some 6 million visitors every year: a 21st-century museum rooted in 200 years of innovation. The Mission of a Great Museum The principle responsibility of the Louvre is to conserve, protect, restore, and develop France's national art treasures, from the early royal collections to the most recent acquisitions. In carrying out this task, the museum’s scientific and academic staff displays steadfast commitment and universally recognized professionalism.The priceless artworks housed in the Louvre are held for the benefit of present and future generations. Hence the vital importance of the museum's mission to make these works available to the greatest number of people possible, from France and all over the world. To do this, it is our job to ensure that every visitor enjoys the best facilities possible. But it is also essential to promote cultural access: to do as much as we can to help each visitor to approach, understand, and enjoy the works they have come to see. With this in mind, we are committed to extend the range of information available at the Louvre in languages other than French, to further develop the museum's wide range of educational resources and activities, and to make our buildings and collections more easily accessible—in every sense—to people with disabilities and to new audiences. A National and International Presence The Musée du Louvre and its associated institutions (the Musée Eugène Delacroix and the Tuileries gardens) work hard to provide the best possible service for our visitors. We are also increasingly involved in efforts to encourage access for people who might feel—for whatever reason—that museums are "not for them."In France, the organization of traveling exhibitions and loans are central to this initiative. Another important project is the plan for a regional branch of the Louvre in the town of Lens, in the Nord-Pas de Calais region (scheduled for 2008). The museum's northern branch will feature innovative displays of works from the national collections, including its own semi-permanent collection, and an ambitious program of temporary exhibitions.The Louvre’s role as an international center for cultural heritage is, I believe, equally important. The museum loans works to over one hundred institutions worldwide every year. In addition, the Louvre has encouraged the creation of the American Friends of the Louvre and the Grand Louvre au Japon: two bodies working to support the museum and promote its activities to their respective publics. The Louvre has also formed innovative partnerships with “emerging” museums abroad, such as Atlanta's High Museum of Art in the United States. In the Middle East, we are actively involved in important archaeological excavations. A 21st-Century Museum The cut-off point for the Louvre's collection is 1848—a crucial year in French and world history—but the museum is by no means an institution of the past. Since 1989, when the Grand Louvre project doubled our gallery space, we have continued to forge ahead with new plans and ideas.We have developed an innovative and highly effective Web site, a veritable "virtual museum" to complement the palace building and its collections.We have extended a whole-hearted welcome to contemporary art, with temporary exhibitions, and a program of events and installations throughout the museum, facilitating the essential dialogue between the "Old Masters" and living artists.Finally, the Louvre continues to develop and refurbish new spaces, drawing on the latest concepts in architecture, museum design, and museum-based education. In particular, this involves the new Department of Islamic Art (scheduled to open in January 2009), the Cour du Sphinx, and the 18th-century collection of the Department of Decorative Arts. The museum is actively seeking sponsors to help realize these ambitious plans.To implement and carry forward its many projects, the Louvre has modernized its management structure and secured a contractual agreement with the French Ministry of Culture and Communication ensuring autonomous control of its human and financial resources, on the condition that it attains the objectives of a public institution.This is the multifaceted museum—vast, yet intimate and open to all—that I invite you to discover.

卢浮宫藏品丰富，件件称得上是艺术珍宝，为历代帝王以及宫廷艺术家等所重视。这些藏品分门别类，由专门的部门管理。卢浮宫内还有许多藏品目录和小册子，向游人作介绍。随着藏品的增多，其“领地”也不断扩张…… Louvre The collections of the museum are administered by seven curatorial departments. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities was formed in 1826 to study and display the objects brought back to France during Napoleon's campaign in Egypt. The Department of Oriental Antiquities is famed for its collections of Mesopotamian and Islamic art. Other departments include Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities; Objets d'art (including the crown jewels of France); and Drawings and Prints. * administer：在这里是“掌管”、“料理”、“管理”的意思。 * curatorial：curatorial的原形是curator，意思是“博物馆、展览馆的馆主”。 * antiquity：“古人”、“古物”的意思。 The Department of Paintings, considered by many scholars the most important in the world, includes several thousand works of the various European schools. Its enormous collection of French paintings ranges from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century. Since 1986, however, works of the French impressionists and postimpressionists, many dating from 1848 to 1914 and formerly housed in the Music du Jeu Paume (Tennis Court Museum) adjacent to the Louvre, have been included in the collection of the Music d'Orsay on the left bank of the Seine River. * impressionist：我们都知道impression有“印象”的意思，impressionnist由此引申而来，表示“印象派画家或作家”。 The museum publishes catalogs and brochures. In addition, it publishes the Revue de Louvre, which contains articles on new acquisitions and provides information on museum projects and on other French museums. * brochure：“小册子”、“印成小册子的论文”。卢浮宫本身是一个博物馆，里面有藏品目录以及介绍性的小册子，包括新近艺术品简介、museum projects（博物馆建设计划）和其它博物馆的信息 In 1993 the Richelieu Wing was opened by President Mitterrand of France. The north wing of the Louvre Palace, formerly occupied by the Ministry of Finance, was vacated and transformed into exhibition areas. This ended the second phase of a project in progress since 1981 that included the addition of the glass pyramid entrance designed by American architect I.M. Pei, an auditorium, galleries for temporary exhibitions, displays on the history of the Louvre, moats of the medieval Louvre, restaurants, shops, and parking facilities. * vacate：“空出”、“撤离”的意思。卢浮宫的北侧翼原本是由财政部使用的，后来腾出来变成了展览区。 * phase：“阶段”、“时期”的意思。

我给你全文翻译了!给我加分!!谢谢!!!罗浮宫, 在它的连续建筑的使变形, 已经支配中央的巴黎自那以后 12 世纪底。 在城市的西方边缘上建造, 最初的结构逐渐地被卷入如城市成长。 早期的黑暗城堡被转换成弗兰的被现代化的住处?第一 ois 和,比较迟的,太阳国王，路易斯 XIV 的奢侈宫殿。这里我们探究这个非常的大厦历史和自从 1793 以后已经占领它的博物馆. 罗浮宫: 富有的过去, 野心勃勃的未来"自从 1793 以后打开到全部": 从着手，罗浮宫已经具体表达一真实地 "全世界的" 机构的观念。 全世界的在它收集的范围方面，它每年对约六百万个访客也是全世界的在它诉愿中: 在 200 年的改革方面生根的一个第 21 世纪的博物馆。 很棒的博物馆的任务罗浮宫的原则职责要保存,保护，回复，而且发展法国的国家艺术宝物,从早的王室收集到最近的获得。 在实行这一件工作方面，博物馆的科学和学院的职员显示坚定的承诺和全世界地公开的专业性。 无价的艺术品在罗浮宫收容为礼物的利益被拿着和未来世代。 博物馆的任务重要的重要由此而来使最好的人数可用的这些工厂可能,从法国和在全世界。 为了要做这, 它是我们的工作确定每个访客最好设备可能的。 但是促进文化的通路是也必要的: 尽我们所能地多做帮助每个访客接近，，而且他们已经来的工厂。 藉由思想的这，我们负责除了法国人之外在语言中扩充在罗浮宫得到的数据范围, 更进一步广阔地发展博物馆的教育资源和活动的范围, 和对伤残人士更容易制造我们的建筑物和收集在每感觉—中的可接近的—和对新的听众。 国民和国际的出现希腊字母第 12 字 é e du 罗浮宫和它的联合机构 (希腊字母第 12 字 é e Eug è 旧姓的 Delacroix 和 Tuileries 花园) 努力地工作为我们的访客提供最好的可能服务。在努力中我们也逐渐积极参与为可能不论甚么原因—博物馆是的—人鼓励通路 " 不是为他们." 在法国, 旅行的组织展览和贷款对这率先是中央的。 另外的重要计画是关于透镜的城镇罗浮宫的一个地方的部门计划, 在 Nord- Pas de Calais 区域中.( 预定为 2008) 博物馆的北方部门将会以来自国家的收集工厂的创新展览为特色, 包括它自己的半- 长备的收集 , 和暂时的展览一个野心勃勃的计画。 罗浮宫的角色如国际的中心是为文化的遗产,我相信,相等重要。 对超过一百个机构的博物馆贷款工厂全世界的每年。 除此之外，罗浮宫已经鼓励罗浮宫和那壮观的罗浮宫 au Japon 的美国朋友的创造: 二个尸体工作对他们的分别民众支援博物馆而且促进它的活动。 罗浮宫也已经在国外形成创新的 "初现的" 博物馆的合伙, 像是在美国的艺术亚特兰大的高博物馆。 在中东，我们积极地是积极参与的在重要的考古学的挖掘中。 一个第 21 世纪的博物馆切- 远的点在法国语和世界历史—中为罗浮宫的收集是每决定性的年 1848 —，但是博物馆是藉着没有方法过去的一个机构。 自从 1989 以后,当壮观的罗浮宫计画在那时候两倍了我们的回廊空间,我们已经继续依照新的计划和主意稳步前进的时候。 我们已经发展一个创新的和高度地有效的网站,一个真实的虚拟博物馆补助宫殿建筑物和它的收集。 我们已经延长对同时代的艺术一个全部心的欢迎,在博物馆各处藉由暂时的展览 , 和事件和安装的一个计画,促进在老主人和活的艺术家之间的必要对话。 最后，罗浮宫发展而且再磨光新的空间,在建筑学，博物馆设计和博物馆中利用最近的观念-建立教育。 特别地，这包括回教的艺术 (在 2009 年一月预定打开) 的新部门， Cour du 史芬克斯和装饰的艺术部的第 18 世纪的收集。 博物馆正在积极地寻求赞助者帮助这些野心勃勃的计划。 为了要向前地实现而且携带它的许多计画,罗浮宫已经现代化它的管理结构而且巩固了与文化和沟通的法国部的契约协议确定它的人类和财政的资源自治的控制,在它达到公众的机构目的的情况上。 这是多有小面的博物馆—巨大的, 然而亲密的和开着的到我邀请你发现的所有—。 回答者：安德烈咕 - 魔法学徒一级 2-19 23:06--------------------------------------------------------------------------------城堡在附近被建造 1190 如在河岸上的一个要塞, 而且在 1370个这一个城堡中在 1527 年在查尔斯国王 V. 的命令上转换成一个宫殿这被毁和文艺复兴设计为第一法兰西斯被计画,在亨利 2 的执政期间完成. 进一步的发展直到在 1667 年,183 公尺长的东方正面被建造。 这是巴洛克风格- 古典的运动首先主要的工作。 在 1678个王室住宅中移到 Versaille 而且 Palais du 罗浮宫变成一个画廊。 Lourve 在 1803 年变成 "博物馆拿破仑" ，而且进一步的工作向前被完成懊悔 Rivoli 。 在拿破仑 3 世的执政， Tuileries 和罗浮宫宫殿的时候被联编而且进一步的庭院完成。 在 1980 年代中,第一美籍华裔建筑师。M Pei 设计了主要的庭院驰名的 pryamid 。这一个领引为回廊的主要翅膀进入新的中央循环之内隔开和如一个视觉的中心为巨大的伸开手脚而坐外部指出。 除了回廊之外,有宫殿的许多壮观的接待房间。 拿破仑 3 世也有了他的州公寓这里, 对公众开放。 参考资料： http:// france.archiseek.com/pari/louvre/index.html回答者： emehn- 见习魔法师三级 2-19 23:14--------------------------------------------------------------------------------卢浮宫藏品丰富，件件称得上是艺术珍宝，为历代帝王以及宫廷艺术家等所重视这些藏品分门别类，由专门的部门管理。卢浮宫内还有许多藏品目录和小册子，向游人作介绍。随着藏品的增多，其“领地”也不断扩张……。罗浮宫博物馆的收集被七个 curator 的部门管理。埃及的古物部在 1826 年被形成学习而且显示在埃及的拿破仑的活动期间被使到回复法国的物体。 东方诸国的古物部以它的 Mesopotamian 和回教的艺术收集着名。 其他的部门包括希腊人，罗马人和 Etruria 人古物; Objets d'art( 包括法国的王冠珠宝); 和图画和版。 *管理：在这里是 "掌管" ， " 料理" ， "管理" 的意思。*curator 的： curator 的原形是馆长，意思是"博物馆,展览馆的馆主"。*古老： "古人","古物" 的意思。被许多学者世界的最重要的考虑画部,包括一些千各种不同的欧洲学校的工厂。 从中世纪到早的 19 世纪的它法国画范围的巨大收集。 自从 1986 以后,然而,法国印象主义者和 postimpressionists 的工厂, 从 1848 约会到 1914 的多数而且在毗连的到罗浮宫的音乐 du Jeu Paume(网球场博物馆) 中从前收容,已经被包含在曳网河的左边岸上的音乐 d'Orsay 的收集中。 *印象主义者：我们都知道印象有 "印象" 的意思， impressionnist 由此引申而来，表示 "印象派画家或作家" 。博物馆出版目录和说明书。 除此之外，它出版讽刺时事的滑稽剧 de 罗浮宫, 包含在新的获得上的文章，而且提供关于博物馆计画的资讯和在其他的法国博物馆上。 *说明书： "小册子" ， "印成小册子的论文" 卢浮宫本身是一个博物馆，里面有藏品目录以及介绍性的小册子，包括新近艺术品简介, 博物馆计画（博物馆建设计划）和其它博物馆的信息。在 1993只 Richelieu 翅膀中被法国的总统 Mitterrand 打开了。 罗浮宫宫殿的北方翅膀,被财政部从前占领,被腾出而且转换成展览区域。这自从 1981 以后结束了进步的第二阶段的一个计画那包括了被美国建筑师 I.M. Pei ，一个礼堂设计的玻璃杯金字塔入口的附加, 回廊为暂时的展览,在罗浮宫的历史，中古的罗浮宫，餐馆，商店和停车设备的壕沟上显示。 *腾出： "空出" ， " 撤离" 的意思卢浮宫的北侧翼原本是由财政部使用的，后来腾出来变成了展览区。。*逐步运行： "阶段" ， "时期" 的意思。回答者： raysun007- 经理四级 2-19 23:14