英语基本语法结构

英语句子的构成要素

在深入解析不同类型的英语句子结构及相关规则之前，必须要先了解下面这些术语的含义。

主语和谓语

最基本的英语句子通常有个两部分：一个主语和一个谓语。主语指的是句子中执行动作的人或物；谓语可以为我们提供跟主语有关的一些信息。

以下面这个句子为例：“I walk the dog.”（我遛狗。）在这句话里，I 是主语，即动作执行者。

而 walk the dog 是谓语，表述的是主语的动作。

我们再来多看几个例句，其中粗体和斜体分别表示主语和谓语。

I study at a public university.

我在一所公立大学学习。

Rajesh works at a marketing firm.

拉杰什在一家营销公司工作。

She likes the color purple a lot.

她非常喜欢紫色。

主句和从句

主句和从句都包含主语和谓语，

主句可以作为一个完整的句子，从句则必须要跟主句放在一起才能表达完整的意思。

主谓宾的结构，主系表的结构，there be句型，还有主谓宾+宾补的结构。

回答如下：英语句子结构：1. 简单句。它包括“主语+谓语+其他，并列主语+ 谓语+其他，主语+ 并列谓语+其他”。例如：He works hard. We know her. The book is mine / on the desk. (主系表结构)Tom is ill / out / a doctor. (主系表结构)2. 并列句。它的结构是：简单句 +并列连词 +简单句。另外，它的分句还可以含有从句，这种并列句亦称并列复合句。例如：He helps me with English and I help him with math. It was growing dark but she still went on with her work.Work hard, and you will make progress. Hurry up, or / otherwise you will be late. He didn't come, for he was ill. It rained yesterday, so we didn't go. Either you stay here or Mary stays here. The man who is sitting there is a doctor and his son works in the college. (并列复合句)The car that I bought two years ago was stolen a month ago, but the police haven't found the thief who has stolen it. (并列复合句)3. 复合句。复合句的构成是“主句+从句”，亦称为主从复合句。例如：When we arrived there, it was already dark. I know the man who is standing under the tree. He said that his father was a doctor. That is what he said. What he said is right.