中餐英文菜单设计

以下内容摘自《北京市餐饮业菜单英文译法》（讨论稿）部分中国菜的英文译名。主食、小吃类部分：（1）X.O.炒萝卜糕 Turnip Cake with XO Sauce（2）八宝饭 Eight Treasure Rice（3）白粥 Plain Rice Porridge（4）XO酱海鲜蛋炒饭 Stir-fried Rice with Assorted Seafood in XO Sauce（5）鲍鱼丝金菇焖伊面 Stir-fried Noodles with Mushrooms and Shredded Abalone（6）鲍汁海鲜烩饭 Boiled Seafood and Rice with Abalone Sauce（7）鲍汁海鲜面 Seafood Noodles with Abalone Sauce（8）北京炒肝 Stir-fried Liver Beijing Style（9）北京鸡汤馄饨Wonton in Chicken Soup（10）北京炸酱面 Noodles with Bean Paste（11）碧绿鲜虾肠粉Fresh Shrimps in Rice Flour Noodles with Vegetables（12）冰糖银耳炖雪梨 Stewed Sweet Pear with White Fungus（13）菜脯叉烧肠粉 Steamed Rice Rolls with Preserved Vegetables（14）菜盒子Stir-fried Crispy Cake Stuffed with Vegetable（15）菜肉大馄饨Pork and Vegetable Wonton（16）菜肉饺子Dumplings Stuffed with Minced Pork and Vegetable（17）参吧素菜卷 Sweet Dumplings Stuffed with Cream and Mixed Fruits（18）草菇牛肉肠粉Steamed Rice Noodle Rolls with Mushrooms and Minced Beef（19）叉烧包Barbecued Pork Bun（20）叉烧焗餐包 Barbecued Pork Dumpling（21）叉烧酥 Cake with Barbecued Pork（22）炒河粉 Sauteed Rice Noodles（23）炒面Sauteed Noodles with Vegetables（24）陈皮红豆沙Minced Red Bean Paste with Orange Peel（25）豉油蒸肠粉Steamed Rice Rolls with Black Bean Sauce（26）豉汁蒸凤爪 Steamed Chicken Feet with Black Bean Sauce（27）豉汁蒸排骨Steamed Spare Ribs with Black Bean Sauce （28）春菇烧麦 Steamed Dumplings Stuffed with Mushroom（30）葱油拌面 Mixed Noodles with Spring Scallion, Oil and Soy Saucewww（31）葱油饼 Fried Chive Cake （32）葱油煎饼Pancake with Scallions（33）脆皮春卷Crispy Spring Roll（34）脆炸芋头糕Taro Cake with Preserved Pork（35）担担面Sichuan Flavor Noodle（36）蛋煎韭菜盒Deep-Fried Shrimps and Chive Dumplings（37）冬菜牛肉肠粉Steamed Rice Rolls with Minced Beef and Preserved Vegetables（38）冻马蹄糕 Water Chestnut Jelly Cake（39）豆浆Soybean Milk（40）豆沙包 Steamed Bun Stuffed with Red Bean Paste（41）豆沙锅饼Pan-fried Red Bean Paste Pancake

呵呵，我也遇到过类似的情况，告诉你哦：）~~要将中餐菜单翻译成英文，就先得了解中餐菜名的构成及命名方法。中餐菜名通常由原料名称，烹制方法、菜肴的色香味形器、菜肴的创始人或发源地等构成。这种反映菜肴内容和特色的命名方法叫做写实性命名法，此外还有反映菜肴深刻含义的写意性命名法。由于汉语和英语的差异很大，我们在把中餐菜名由中文译成英文的时候，应该采用写实性命名法，尽量将菜肴的原料、烹制方法、菜肴的味型等翻译出来，以便让客人一目了然。为了让大家更好地掌握将中餐菜名译成英文的技巧，笔者特将自己在翻译中总结出来的几点“公式”(中英文对照)介绍如下，以供大家参考。一、以主料开头的翻译方法1�介绍菜肴的主料和辅料：公式：主料(形状)+(with)辅料例：杏仁鸡丁chicken cubes with almond牛肉豆腐beef with beancurd西红柿炒蛋Scrambled egg with to tomato2�介绍菜肴的主料和味汁：公式：主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁例：芥末鸭掌duck webs with mustard sauce葱油鸡chicken in Scallion oil米酒鱼卷fish rolls with rice wine二、以烹制方法开头的翻译方法1�介绍菜肴的烹法和主料：公式：烹法+主料(形状)例：软炸里脊soft-fried pork fillet烤乳猪roast suckling pig炒鳝片Stir-fried eel slices2�介绍菜肴的烹法和主料、辅料公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with)辅料仔姜烧鸡条braised chicken fillet with tender ginger3�介绍菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁：公式：烹法+主料(形状)+(with,in)味汁例：红烧牛肉braised beef with brown sauce鱼香肉丝fried shredded pork with Sweet and sour sauce清炖猪蹄stewed pig hoof in clean soup 三、以形状或口感开头的翻译方法1�介绍菜肴的形状(口感)和主料、辅料公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)辅料例：芝麻酥鸡crisp chicken with sesame陈皮兔丁diced rabbit with orange peel时蔬鸡片Sliced chicken with seasonal vegetables2�介绍菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感+烹法+主料例：香酥排骨crisp fried spareribs水煮嫩鱼tender stewed fish香煎鸡块fragrant fried chicken3�介绍菜肴的形状(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形状(口感)+主料+(with)味汁例：茄汁鱼片sliced fish with tomato sauce椒麻鸡块cutlets chicken with hot pepper黄酒脆皮虾仁crisp shrimps with rice wine sauce四、以人名或地名开头的翻译方法1�介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料公式：人名(地名)+主料例：麻婆豆腐Ma Po beancurd四川水饺Sichuan boiled dumpling2�介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、烹法和主料公式：人名(地名)+烹法+主料例：东坡煨肘DongPo stewed pork joint北京烤鸭Roast Beijing Duck在中餐菜名翻译成英文的过程中，可以采用多种不同的方法，而且每一道菜都可以从不同的角度入手进行翻译。例如，川菜中的“宫保鸡丁”这道菜就有以下几种译法：1.sauteed chicken cubes with peanuts2.Gongbao chicken cubes3.diced chicken with chilli and peanuts由此可见，中餐菜名的英译方法是灵活多变的。至于我们在翻译中最终采用哪种方法，则可根据各人的习惯和具体情况确定。不过根据笔者的经验，只要掌握了第一种以主料开头的翻译方法，对其它种类的翻译方法便可以触类旁通，我们只需根据文中所列出的翻译公式去相应作一些交换就行了。

西餐菜谱的中英对照色拉：salad nicoise 尼斯式色拉gelatin salad 胶状色拉sunshine salad 胡萝卜色拉waldorf salad 沃尔多夫色拉vegetable combination salad 蔬菜大会色拉mixed salad 什锦色拉home-made vegetable salad 家常蔬菜色拉fruit salad 水果色拉vegetable salad 蔬菜色拉chicken laesar salad 卤鸡色拉tossed salad 油拌色拉肉类如下：rump steak 牛腿排T-bone steak T形骨牛排roast sirloin beef 烤牛外俏green fillet 青春里脊fillet steak, country style 乡村里脊扒beef steak curried 咖喱牛排plain fried calf ribs 清煎小牛排fried calf ribs 炸小牛排roast veal 烤小牛肉ham steak 火腿扒sauté pork chop 嫩煎猪排roast lamb 烤羔羊肉lamb couscous 羊肉库司charcoal grilled minced lamb 串烤羊肉饼roast saddle of mutton 烤羊里脊grilled mutton chop 铁扒羊排salami 意大利香肠bologna sausage 大红肠game pie 野味排pastrami 五香烟熏牛肉ham and sausage 火腿香肠bear's paw 熊掌breast of deer 鹿脯beche-de-mer; sea cucumber 海参sea sturgeon 海鳝salted jelly fish 海蜇皮kelp, seaweed 海带abalone 鲍鱼shark fin 鱼翅scallops 干贝lobster 龙虾bird's nest 燕窝roast suckling pig 考乳猪pig's knuckle 猪脚boiled salted duck 盐水鸭preserved meat 腊肉barbecued pork 叉烧sausage 香肠fried pork flakes 肉松饭点类：fried rice 炒饭plain rice 白饭crispy rice 锅巴gruel, soft rice , porridge 粥noodles with gravy 打卤面plain noodle 阳春面casserole 砂锅chafing dish, fire pot 火锅meat bun 肉包子shao-mai 烧麦glue pudding 汤圆millet congee 小米粥其它：bean curd 豆腐fermented blank bean 豆豉pickled cucumbers 酱瓜preserved egg 皮蛋salted duck egg 咸鸭蛋dried turnip 萝卜干...色拉 salad火腿沙拉 ham salad鸡沙拉 chicken salad鸡脯沙拉 chicken-breast salad鸡丝沙拉 shredded chicken salad鸡蛋沙拉 egg salad鱼片沙拉 fish salad虾仁沙拉 shrimp salad大虾沙拉 prawn salad蟹肉沙拉 crab salad素沙拉 vegetable salad蔬菜沙拉 vegetable salad鲜蔬菜沙拉 fresh vegetable salad黄瓜沙拉 cucumber salad鲜黄瓜沙拉 fresh cucumber salad红烩鱼片 stewed fish slices with brown sauce茄汁烩鱼片 stewed fish slices with tomato sauce鸡蛋鲱鱼泥子 minced herring with eggs鸡蛋托鲱鱼 herring on eggs熏鲱鱼 smoked herring熏鲤鱼 smoked carp鸡肉泥 minced chicken meat; chicken paste鸡肝泥 minced chicken liver; chicken liver paste鸭肝泥 minced duck liver; duck liver paste酿馅鸡蛋 stuffed eggs奶酪酿馅鸡蛋 stuffed eggs with cheese酿馅鸡 stuffed chicken冷烤油鸡蔬菜 cold roast chicken with vegetables冷烤火鸡 cold roast turkey冷烤山鸡 cold roast pheasant冷烤野鸡 cold roast pheasant冷烤鸭 cold roas汤 soup清汤 light soup; clear soup; consomme浓汤 thick soup; potage肉汤 broth奶油火腿汤 creamed ham soup; ham soup with cream奶油鸡茸汤 creamed mashed chicken soup; mashed chicken soup with cream奶油蟹肉汤 creamed crab meat soup; crab meat soup with cream牛肉扒托蛋 beef steak with egg鸡蛋牛肉扒 beef steak with egg葱头牛肉扒 beef steak with onion蔬菜牛肉扒 beef steak with vegetables汉堡牛排 Hamburg steak; hamburger德式牛肉扒 Hamburg steak; hamburger德式鸡蛋牛肉扒 Hamburg steak with egg德式牛肉扒蛋 Hamburg steak with egg法式牛肉扒 French steak罗马尼亚式牛肉扒 Rum steak肉丝炒通心粉 fried macaroni with shredded meat番茄汁炒通心粉 fried macaroni with tomato sauce黄油炒通心粉 fried macaroni with butter鸡肉火腿炒通心粉 fried macaroni with chicken and ham肉汁炒通心粉 fried macaroni with meat sauce大虾鸡蛋炒通心粉 fried macaroni with prawns and eggs奶酪口蘑烤通心粉 macaroni au gratin中餐菜谱 Chinese Meal Menu肉类 Meat白切肉 boiled pork sliced白扣羊肉 boiled mutton爆牛肚 fried trips扁豆肉丝 shredded pork and french beans冰糖肘子 pork jiont stewed with rock sugar菠萝香酥肉 sweet-and-sour pork with pineapple叉烧肉 bbq pork(cantonese tyle)/grilled pork炒腊肉 stir-fried smoked pork炒木须肉 fried shreds of pork,fungus and eggs ,meat with omelet and fungus炒里脊丝 saute pork fillet shreds炒肉片 fried pork sliced炒肉丁 fried meat cubes炒肉丝 fried shredded pork炒猪肝 fried pork liver炒肚尖 fried tip of pig’s tripes炒羊肚 fried lamb tripes豉汁牛肉 fried beef with soy bean sauce葱爆肉丁 sliced pork with scallion葱爆肉粉丝 pork slices with vermicelli葱爆羊肉 fried mutton slice with green scallion葱头牛肉丝 shredded beef with onion脆皮三丝卷 crisp rolls of pork,sea-cucumber and bamboo shoots冬笋炒肉丝 asute shredded pork with bamboo shoots冬菇猪蹄 pig’s trotters with mushrooms冬菜扣肉 steamed spicy cabbage abd pork豆瓣牛肉 beef in chilli bean sauce炖猪蹄 stewed pig’s trotters粉蒸排骨 steamed spareribs with rice flower咖哩牛肉 fried curry beef干煸牛肉丝 sauteed beef shreds with chilli宫爆腰花 stir-fried kidney with chilli and peanuts古老肉 sweet-and-sour pork蚝油牛肉 oyster sauce beef红烧肉 stewed pork with brown sauce红烧狮子头 stewed meatballs with brown sauce红烧排骨 spareribs with brown sauce红烧肘子 pork leg braised in brown sauce红烧蹄筋 braised tendon with brown sauce红烧牛肉 beef with brown sauce红烧羊肉 mutton braised in brown sauce红油肚丝 shredded tripe with chilli sauce滑肉片 sliced prok with cream sauce滑溜里脊 saute fillet with thick gravy

同感！要准确翻译出来的确不容易，但问题是即使翻译出正式的名字，老外也不一定懂。比如：蔬菜名（我几乎说不上来几个），但在中国吃得到的蔬菜在国外不一定有，他们也不知道这些名字，听起来就会像一些专业术语。其实告诉他们就是本地的蔬菜就可以了，反过来可以问他们那里是否有类似的蔬菜，顺便学一下怎么说。肉类，这个不用我说，只要不跟阿拉伯人提pork，不跟印度人提beef，更不要告诉所有西方老外他们吃了dog meat，frog等等就可以了。水产品，老外常吃海鱼，根本不知道怎么吃带小刺的河鱼，可以说是river fish，fish living in the fresh water。其它的shrimp等他们都认识了。我知道你想知道的是菜肴的名称，而不仅仅是什么原料。其实这东西太高深了，他们根本不会懂，所以根本不需要找正式的名称，告诉他们主要的烹饪方式就足够了：fried（炒的，炸的），stewed（煮的，炖的，烧的），baked（烤的），salted（腌的）……别忘了再加上口味：spicy/hot，sweet，salty，sour，bitter ……

靠 全是鱼