虚拟语气英文语法

虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反，下面给大家带来一些关于英语虚拟语气的用法归纳，希望对大家有所帮助。

一.什么是虚拟语气

虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

二.虚拟语气的用法有哪些

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词 短语 、从句等表达出来, 这种 句子 称为含蓄条件句

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式

英语虚拟语气的用法归纳相关 文章 ：

★ 英语虚拟语气的语法归纳

★ 英语语法学习:虚拟语气的基本用法

★ 虚拟语气英语语法知识点汇总

★ 英语语法虚拟语气讲解

★ 虚拟语气的使用要点

★ 高考英语复习知识点:情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式

★ 初中英语知识点总结之虚拟语态

★ 高中英语语法:常见虚拟语气

★ 初中英语情态动词的用法归纳

一、英语虚拟语气语法总结如下：

1.虚拟语气是说话者用来表示一种假想，或者难以达到的情形，而非客观存在的事实。

2.虚式语气在条件句中的使用：条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当主句不需要虚拟语气时，真实条件句所表示的假设是可能的，而虚拟条件句则表示与事实相反或不太可能发生的假设，此时使用虚拟语气。

3.与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用 should (would, could, might)+ have+过去分词。

二、扩充.使用虚拟语气的常用结构或句子：

1. wish和 hope接宾语从句的区别在于： hope表示一般可实现的希望；宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示难以或不可能实现的希望，宾语从句使用虚拟语气。

2. if only同 I wish一样，用于表示与事实相反的愿望， wish后的虚拟语气与 wish后所接时态相同。

3. I wouldrather句用虚拟语气仅分现在和过去。

当 would rather、 would sooner、 would just as soon之后的 that从句中，句子谓语习惯上要使用虚拟语气，表示"想做什么"。

4.as if (though)从句的虚拟语气。

由 as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时是虚拟语气，与 wish用法相同。

新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解

虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。那么下面是我为大家分享整理的新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解，欢迎大家阅读浏览。

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：

1、虚拟条件句。

2、名词性虚拟语气。

3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

一、虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

If 主语+过去时，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形，如：

If I were you, I would study hard.

If it rained, I would not be here now.

2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：

If 主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词，如：

If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.

If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：

If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)+do，主语+should(could...)+原形do，如：

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.

If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.

注意问题：

1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。

2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

二、名词性虚拟语气：

在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语+(should)+动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o'clock.(宾语从句)

We suggested that the meeting should not be held.

It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)

The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)

That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表语从句)

注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would""must""could"等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的`使用或含蓄条件句：

1、wish后的宾语从句：

与现在愿望不一致——主语+过去时：I wish I were you.

与过去愿望不一致——主语+had+过去分词：I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.

与未来愿望不一致——主语+would(could)+原形：I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

2、It's time句型：

当It's time后用that从句时应该为“主语+should+原形”或“主语+过去时”，例如：

It's time that you went to school. 或It's time that you should go to school.

3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”：

If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。

If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。

4、would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.

She loves the children as if they were hers.

Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件：

Without you, I would never know him.

But for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well.

(注：without / but for... = If it was not for.../ If it hadn't been for...)

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

I would be most glad to help you, but I' am busy now.

I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!

专项训练

1、It is important that a college student ______ a foreign language.

A.will master B.master C.masters D.would master

2、It is strange that she ______ without saying a word.

A.should have gone out B.went C.should go out D.goes out

3、If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.

A.had been, would have prevented B.had been, would prevent C.were, would prevent D.were, would have prevent

4、 ——“He is a brave man.”

——“Yes, I wish I ______ his courage.”

A.have B.had C.will have D.may have

5、If it ______ rain, the crops would be saved.

A.should B.will C.is going to D.was to

6、He ordered that the medicine ______ by a special plane.

A.was sent B.would be sent C.should send D.be sent

7、If you ______ the medicine, you ______ better now.

A.took, would feel B.had taken, felt C.had taken, would feel D.took, would have felt

8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if ______ my mother.

A.is B.was C.were D.had been

9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I ______ so.

A.didn’t do B.hadn’t done C.haven’t done D.couldn’t do

10、I’d rather he ______ tomorrow afternoon.

A.will come B.comes C.coming D.came

参考答案：

1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D