英语六种后置定语

后置定语是英语和汉语中不可或缺的重要语法内容之一,而英语后置定语在构成上比汉语后置定语要更加多样化，下面是我整理的什么是英语的后置定语，欢迎阅读。

定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。例：This is a very interesting book. 这是一本很有趣的书。一般情况下，修饰名词或代词的词多放在被修饰词之前，但在以下几种情况下，修饰名词或代词的定语却放在它们之后，这种定语我们称之为后置定语。

一、形容词作疑问词的后置定语

修饰疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how时，修饰语要后置。例如：

1)What important would you like to talk about?你将谈论什么重量的事情?

2)Who else will go with us?还有谁将和我们一起去?

3)Where new have they decided to visit?他们决定到哪些没有去过的地方参观?

二、形容词作复合不定代词的后置定语

当被修饰词为复合不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything; somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody; someone, anyone, everyone, no one时，修饰语常位于被修饰的不定代词之后。例如：

1)I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。

2)Do you have anything else to say about it?关于这件事，你还有什么要说的吗?

3)Someone important will give the students a lecture on the current international situation this afternoon.今天下午，一位重要的人物将给学生们做一场有关当前国际形势的报告。

三、enough作后置定语

enough(a.)修饰名词时既可以在名词前，也可以在名词后。例如：

1)We have not enough time(or time enough)to do the job.我们没有足够的时间做该工作。

2)They have enough people(or people enough)to do the experiment.他们有足够多的人手做这个实验。

但enoush(odv.)修饰形容词或副词时，须位于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如：good enough (足够好的)，large enough(够大的)，fast enough(够快)，well enough(相当好)。

四、部分副词作后置定语

above(上方的)，below(下面的)，on(活动，进行，上演)，out(外出)，back(后面的)，away(离开的)等修饰名词时位于被修饰词之后。例如：

1)The clouds above began to get thicker，上方的云开始密集起来。

2)From the hill top we could see the plain below.从山顶上我们可以看到下面的平原。

3)She went to see them on the evening out.凡她晚上外出总去看他们。

五、介词短语作后置定语

the bird in the tree树上的那只小鸟

the map on the wall墙上的地图

the development of China中国的发展

the standard of living生活水平

the south side of the Changjiang river长江两岸

the way to the hotel去旅馆的路

the life in the future未来的生活

六、动词不定式作后置定语

1.在某些名型结构中可用动词不定式作后置定语。例如：

1)I have tons of letters to answer.我有很多信要回。

2)She needed someone to take care of her baby.她需要人照看她的婴儿。

3)They were the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.他们吃苦在前，享受在后。

4)He is a nice man to work with.他是个好相处的人。

5)There are a lot of things for us to be done.有许多事情要做。

6)There will be a very important person to come to our school this weekend.本周末有个重要人物来我们学校。

2.在某些名词后可用动词不定式作定语。例如：ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, drive, effort, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等等。例句：

1)Has he the ability to do the work?他有能力干这项工作吗?

2)I don't have the courage to tell you the secret.我没有勇气告诉你那个秘密。

3)You have no right to do such a thing!你没有做这样的事的权利!

4)I'll show you my determination to stop smoking.我将向你们表明我戒烟的决心。

3.动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句和后置定语。例如：

(1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come)we will meet again.也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。

(2)In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked of her trip to America.在后来的讲座中，她谈到了她的美国之行。

(3)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that will be taken)on the way.她开了一张要带在路上用的物品清单。

另外，动词不定式还可以和关系代词which连用作定语：

1)She must have time in which to pack.她必须有时间收拾行李。

2)He also had a revolver with which to defend himself.他还有一把防身用的左轮手枪。

3)He only had long night in which to study.他只有漫漫长夜可以用来学习。

七、分词短语作后置定语

1.现在分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1)There is a lady asking to see you.有位女士要求见你。

2)The girl sitting by my side is my cousin.坐在我旁边的是我表妹。

3)Here is a map showing you how to get to the railway station.这儿有一张地图，告诉你怎样去火车站。

2.过去分词短语作后置定语。例如：

1)What did you think of the play put on by the students?你认为学生们上演的话剧怎么样?

2)She is a nurse trained by ourselves.她是我们自己培养的护士。

3)What is the language spoken in svain?西班牙使用的是什么语言?

3.部分过去分词也可以作后置定语。例如：

left, gained, used, offered, discussed, ordered, wounded, injured, concerned, conducted, done, held, arranged, planned, suggested, finished, completed, arrested, given, fallen, constructed, missed，等等。例如：

1)Is there anybody injured?有人负伤吗?

2)The money left is not enough for so many people to live through.剩余的钱不够这么多人用的。

3)She liked all the courses offered.她对所开的课程都很喜欢。

4)The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验将我们很有价值。

八、定语从句作后置定语

1)The girl I saw told me to come back today.

2)This house, for which he paid $ 150,000,is now worth $3000,000.这所房子他买时花了15万美元，现在值30万美元。

1、The student who answered the question was John.

2、The boy whom you are talking to is my brother.

3、People who take physical exercise live longer.

4、I still remember the day when my brother joined the army.

5、He changed his mind,which made me very angry.

6、I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.

7、The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.

8、People in the world play basketball.

9、The city of New York is very large.

10、He looked at the street full of cars.

11、Italian is a Language very difficult to learn.

12、She has a garden much larger than yours.

13、The built a highway leading into the mountains.

14、We met a group of pupils returning from school.

15、What's the language spoken in that area?

后置定语顾名思义就是放在被修饰词的后面。可以分为以下几类：1、形容词做后置定语1）英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语后面。例如：The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister.正熟睡的小女孩是我的小妹妹。2) 以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词，在意义上有强烈的谓语色彩和被动意义时，也往往后置。例如：He is the only person reliable.他是唯一可信赖的人。3) 形容词修饰不定代词时，一般放在其后。例如：I’d like something cheaper.我想买些便宜的东西。4) 形容词短语做修饰语时，往往后置。例如：He looked at the street full of cars.他看着车辆拥挤的街道。2、副词做后置定语副词做定语时一般放在名词之后，在意义上表示时间、地点等。例如：The weather here is very nice.这里的天气很好。3、现在分词短语做后置定语英语中现在分词做定语可以前置，也可以后置。但现在分词短语做定语时，一定放在被修饰成分的后面，构成后置定语。例如：They built a highway leading into the mountains.他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。现在分词短语做后置定语，在意义上相当于一个定语从句。但在转换时，要注意动词的主语和时态。例如上述两句可转化为：They built a highway which led into the mountains.4、过去分词短语做后置定语过去分词短语做后置定语时，表示被动意义、完成意义或状态意义。例如：What’s the language spoken in that area?那个地区讲什么语言？5、动词不定式做后置定语动词不定式做后置定语与被修饰成分之间表示不同的语义关系。1) 表示动宾关系。做修饰语的动词不定式为逻辑谓语，被修饰的名词为动词不定式的直接宾语。例如：I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多活要干。2) 表示主谓关系。被修饰的名词表示逻辑主语，修饰它的动词不定式结构表示逻辑谓语。例如：He’s always the first to come.他总是第一个来。3) 表示修饰关系。动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种描绘阐述作用。例如：It’s already time to start planting trees.已经到了植树的季节。4) 表示同位关系。不定式和被修饰的名词处于平行关系，只对其起一种解说作用。例如：Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下达了发起总攻的命令。5) 动词不定式复合结构做后置定语动词不定式复合结构做后置定语和动词不定式短语一样，均只能放在被修饰成分后面，做后置定语。例如：He bought a house for his children to live in.他买了一套房子给孩子们住。6、介词短语做后置定语介词短语做后置修饰语，在意义上表示时间、地点、范围、类别、来源、动宾、同位等语义关系。例如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.（地点）北京的天气比广州冷。