1. 对于叙事类的文章,可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“ATrip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是:Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us tenhours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2. 对于论述性的文章,可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点,接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是:Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’tthink so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back, but……
(二)回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中,采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇,如neverforget (永远无法忘记), remember (记得),unforgettable (难以忘怀的), exciting(令人激动的),surprising(令人惊讶的), sad (难过的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写:I will never forget my first tripto Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettableexperience I had.
(三)疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中,都可采用疑问型开头,这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“PlantingTrees(种树)”的开头可以 是:Have you everplanted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……
再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是:If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
(四)倒叙式开头
在有的文章,特别是叙事类的文章中,可以采用倒叙的写作手法,先写出事件的'结果,再陈述过程。如“CatchingThieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写:I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friendseven though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tellyou. It’s a … story.
随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是:The two children were praised bythe police and they felt happy.
再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)”的结尾可以是:When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise hadalready been there。
(二)首尾呼应,升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题,深化主题,起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是:I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
(三)反问结尾,引起深思
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,而且具有一定的强调作用,可引起他人的深思。如 “LearningEnglish can Give us a Lot of Pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是:If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
(四)表达祝愿,阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中,表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to theFarmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是:I hopethe farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外,书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语:Bestwishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy newyear;I wish you have a good time等。
10、What calls for special attention is that…需要特别注意的是
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论…
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论…
3、Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that…因此,我们最好得出这样的结论…
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点。
5、All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.总之,我们没有…是无法生活的。但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题。
6、For my part, I think it reasonable to...Only in this way can you...至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为…更合理。只有这样,我们才能…
7、As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ...至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为…
8、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend)。该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
9、It goes without saying that = It is obvious that …不用说……
10、It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that…它通常是认为…