化学专业英语ppt

本书是在第一版的基础上修订而成的。本书内容涉及无机化学、分析化学、环境化学、环境工程、有机化学、物理化学、材料化学等。本书内容丰富,取材有代表性和前沿性,也是一本难得的化学专业英语资料,适合综合性大学、师范大学及其他本科院校化学化工专业的师生使用或参考。

In most of the operations encountered in the chemical and petroleum industries,one or more of the processes of momentum,heat,and mass transfer is involved.Thus,in the flow of a fluid adiabatic conditions through abed of granular particles, Momentum transfer takes place between the fluid elements which are moving at different velocities||在大部份的操作方面在化学物质和石油业中遇到了,动力，热和块移动的一个或者更多个程序是 involved.Thus,在流经的流动断热的情况流动在床上粒状粒子,动力移动在正在不同的速度移动的流动的元素之间发生. Here，then,is an example of a process of simultaneous momentum and heat transfer in which the same fundamental mechanism is affecting both processes .fractional distillation and gas absorotion are frequently carried out in a packed column in which In a very turbulent fluid the rates of transfer per unit area of both momentum and mass are high ;and as the pressure rises the rates of transfer of both momentum and mass increase together , It will now be shown not only that the process of momentum ,heat, and mass transfer are physically related ,but also that quantitative relations between them can be developed||在这里，然后,是相同的基本机制正在影响两者的程序的同时动力和热移动的程序的一个例子。微少的蒸馏和瓦斯 absorotion 时常在被包装的专栏被实行在哪一个 在非常狂暴的液体中动力和块的每单位区域移动的比率是高的 ;而且如压力一起上升动力和大众的增加的移动的比率 ,它现在将会被显示不但动力，热和块的程序转移身体上地被讲 , 而且那数量的关系在他们之间能被发展||微少的蒸馏和瓦斯 absorotion 时常在被包装的专栏被实行在哪一个在非常狂暴的液体中动力和块的每单位区域移动的比率是高的 ;而且如压力一起上升动力和大众的增加移动的比率，它现在将会被显示不但动力，热和块的程序转移身体上地被讲 , 而且那数量的关系在他们之间能被发展. Another form of interaction between the transfer processes is responsible for the phenomenon of thermal diffusion in which a component in a mixture moves under the action of a temperature gradient .although these are important applications of thermal diffusion ,the magnitude of the effect is usually small relative to that arising from concentration gradients||在移动程序之间的另外形式的交互作用负责热散布的现象在哪一个一个混合的一个成份在温度倾斜度的行动之下移动。虽然这些是热散布的重要申请 ,效果的大小通常对那是小的亲戚从集中倾斜度出现||虽然这些是热散布的重要申请 ,效果的大小通常对那是小的亲戚从集中倾斜度出现. When a fluid is flowing under streamline condition over a surface ,a forward component of velocity is superimposed on the random distribution of velocities of the molecules, Thus if two adjacent layers of fluid are moving at different velocities ,there will be a tendency for the faster moving layer to be retarded and the slower moving layer to be accelerated by virtue of the continuous passage of molecules in each direction||当液体正在在一个表面上的流线情况之下流动的时候，一个速度的向前成份在分子的速度的任意分配上被重叠,如此如果二毗连液体的层正在不同的速度移动 ,比较快速的感人层将会有趋向是智能迟滞的和比较慢的感人层由于每个方向的分子的连续通道被加速 . Similarly , the molecular motion will tend to reduce any temperature gradient or any concentration gradient if fluid consists of a mixture of two or more components||如果液体有一个二或较多成份的混合，同样地，分子的运动将会容易减少任何的温度倾斜度或者任何的集中倾斜度. If the motion of the fluid is turbulent , the transfer of fluid by eddy motion is superimposed on the molecular transfer process .in this case ,the rate of transfer to the surface will be a function of the degree of turbulence .when the fluid id highly turbulent, the rate of transfer by molecular motion will be negligible compared with that by eddy motion .for small degrees of turbulence the two may be of the same order||如果液体的运动是狂暴的 , 逆流运动的液体的移动在分子的移动程序上被重叠。在这情况，到表面的移动的比率将会是喧嚣的程度的一个功能。||在这情况，到表面的移动比率将会是喧嚣的程度一个功能。当流动的遗传素质高度地狂暴的, 分子运动的移动的比率藉着逆流运动将会是可以忽略的与那相较。对于喧嚣的小程度那二可能是有相同的次序的 . In addition to momentum ,both heat and mass can be transferred either by molecular diffusion alone or by molecular diffusion combined with eddy diffusion .because the effects of eddy diffusion are generally far greater than those of the molecular diffusion ,is occurring. Thus the main resistance to the flow of heat or mass to a surface lies within the laminar sub-layer . Thus the heat and mass transfer coefficients are much higher at high Reynolds ||除了动力之外，热和块能被转移或被分子散布孤独的或被被和逆流散布结合的分子散布。因为逆流散布的效果是通常远比棒的那分子散布的那些 ,正在发生||因为逆流散布的效果是通常远比棒的那分子散布的那些 ,正在发生. Thus the main resistance to the flow of heat or mass to a surface lies within the laminar sub-layer||如此对 laminar 子层里面的一则表面的谎言对热或块的流程主要的抗拒 .

In this paper, m-substituted benzaldehydes and home of Phosphonium as raw material by Witting reaction, synthesis of the 7 different substituents p-XC6H4CH = CHC6H4X-p, and their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance, and measured the corresponding UV absorption spectrum. Quantitative changes in the single substituted p-XC6H4CH = CHC6H4X-p of the UV absorption spectra. Combined with the experimental data of other researchers to further explore the changes in the double substituted p-XC6H4CH = CHC6H4X-p of the ultraviolet spectrum law. The results show that the substituent parameters of the excited state of the system adapted to the UV spectra.