(1)主语从句 例. ___________(很多人没有意识到的) is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案:What many people don’t realize
What的用法 1. what = just as,意为“恰像,犹如,好比”用作连词,引导比较状语从句。 ⑴ 惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. (介词to 表示两者的关系) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。E.g. Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示“供…使 用”) ⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是:What C to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于“just as…, as… so…”结构,意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如: What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。
2. what 与do with连用,意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如:① What will you do with the letter?② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
3. What从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如:① We will make the factory twice what it is today.(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语)Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是 说明前面的动词weigh,系回答how much 的问题, 作状语)
4.与what连用的常用句型和词组⑴ What if…?如果(假如)…将会怎么样?例如: What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样? What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办?(2)come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装,意为“不管发生什么事” Come what will (may),I will always stand by you.
2)宾语从句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的) not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案: is measured by how much they can loan
3)表语从句 In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________ (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) 答案:I am more likely to get tired than before
4)定语从句 1).______________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案: Compared with the place where I grew up
2)The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_____________ (我们可以合作的领域). (2007.6)答案:the field where(in which)we can cooperate
5)状语从句 1) Leaving one’s job, ______________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案:whatever it is(让步状语从句) 2)I am going to pursue this course, (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案:no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 2.虚拟语气
历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下:
(1)(should)+动词原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引导的条件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的`用法。
【真题】You would not have failed if______________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 考点有两个:首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定,如果主句中出现would +have的 形式,从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二 是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达,两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you,造成不必要的失分。【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders
(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than, sooner…than,not only…but also用于句首时所导致的倒装。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去剧院,但是现在不同了。
(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中,将if 省略,把should, had, were提至主语前,形成倒装。 Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你,绝对不会答应那么做的。
(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时,实行倒装,如: A. so 倒装句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。
B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语:only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted. 然后我一屁股坐在椅子上,累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。
(4)在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面,形成主谓的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得说不出话来。
练习题
1. The professor required that_____________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.
2. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接电话的却是他的助手).
3. The mananger never laughed, neither_______________(她也从来没有发过脾气)。
4. The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago
5. 5.If she had return an hour earlier, Mary_______________(就不会被大雨淋了)。
大学英语四级考试,即CET-4,College English Test Band 4的缩写,是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校大学本科生或研究生。大学英语四、六级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备,1987年正式实施。英语四级考试目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行,对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量,为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。国家教育部委托“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”(1993年前名为“大学英语四、六级标准化考试设计组”)负责设计、组织、管理与实施大学英语四、六级考试。大学英语考试根据理工科本科和文理科本科用的两个《大学英语教学大纲》,由教育部(原国家教育委员会)高等教育司组织的全国统一的单科性标准化教学考试,分大学英语四级考试(CET-4)和大学英语六级考试(CET-6)两种。每年考试过后8月份或9月份公布成绩并颁发成绩单,根据教育部规定四六级考试不设置及格线,四级425分以上可以报考六级,所以大家普遍认为四六级的合格线为425分。英语四六级的总分为710分。报名时间CET全国英语四六级考试的考试时间为:每年6月份、12月份(每年时间略有不同)。翻译满分为106.5分。说明:写作部分占整套试卷的15%,106.5分 听力部分占整套试题的35%,总分248.5 英语四级综合部分分值比例35% ,分数248.5分 翻译部分汉译英 15%, 分数106.5分