英语清单诗规律

你好：要了解它的格律，首先要明了“音步”和“韵律”这两个概念。 1．音步(Foot)：英诗中重读与非重读音节的特殊性组合叫作音步。 一个音步的音节数量可能为两个或三个音节，但不能少于两个或多于三个音节，而且其中只有一个必须重读。分析英文诗歌的格律就是将它的句子划分成音步，并分清是何种音步及音步的数量。这个过程称为scansion。如：诗句 “From fairest creatures we desire increase” 要是分成音步的话，就变成了这个样子: Fro-m fai*re-st crea*ture-s we* de-sire* i-ncrea*se 上面“-”表示它前面是轻读音节，而“*”则表示它前面是重读音节。我们于是看出：上面的句子共有五个音步，每个音步都是由前轻读后重读的两个音节组成，这样的音节被称为“抑扬格”。颇有点唐诗的“平仄”的味道，但又有本质上的不同。我们还看出：一个音步不必等于一个单词。 根据音步的数量，每一行一个音步的称为“单音步”(monometer)；每一诗行有两个音步的，称“双音步”(dimeter)；三个音步的，称“三音步”(trimeter)；此外还有四音步(tetrameter）、五音步、(pentameter)、六音步(hexameter)、七音步(heptameter)、八音步(octometer)。 2．韵律(Metre)： 韵律是指音步在朗读时的轻重长短的节奏或规律，这要依据音步所含音节的数量及重读音节的位置来区分。传统英诗的音步有六种。即： 抑扬格(Iambus)扬抑格(Trochee)抑抑扬格(Anapaest)扬抑抑格(Dactyl)抑扬抑格(Amphibrach)扬抑扬格(Dactyl) “抑”为轻读音节，“扬”为重读音节。“扬抑格”即一个音步有两个音节，前面的音节重读，后面的轻读。同理，“扬抑扬格”即一个音步有三个音节，最前的音节重读，中轻读，后重读。 3. 英文诗歌的押韵：英语诗歌的押韵在形式上，要比古汉语格律诗复杂。 3.1 就起押韵功能的单词而言，一是辅音也可入韵（比较：汉语只能根据韵母押韵。），二是押韵的音节可以选在单词的头，中间和尾（比较：每个汉字只有一个音节）。最常见的有： 头韵(Alliteration)：是指单词开始的字母重复，如great和grew；谐元韵(Assonance)：是指单词中重读元音重复，如great和fail；尾韵(Rhyme)：则指单词结尾的字母重复，如great和bait。 3.2而一行诗中也可能同时存在多种押韵形式，如： The light that lies in women's eyes. 这行诗中有头韵light和lies，谐元韵light、lies、eyes，还有尾韵lies和eyes。 3.3英语诗歌的行与行之间的押韵格式则被称为韵法(rhyming scheme)。常见的有两行转韵(AABB)、隔行押韵(ABCB)、隔行交互押韵(ABAB)和交错押韵(ABBA)等。 如这四行诗： From fairest creatures we desire increase,That thereby beauty's rose might never die,But as the riper should by time decease,His tender heir might bear his memory: 即为abab押韵格式，详细分解如下： From fairest creatures we desire incr（ease=a）, That thereby beauty's rose might never d（ie=b）,But as the riper should by time dec（ease=a）,His tender heir might bear his memo（ry=b）: 4.英文诗歌的章法也可以受到形式的限制，如商籁诗（十四行诗 － sonnet）： 商籁诗须遵守：十四行，五音步，抑扬格这种形式。即全诗共十四行，每行五个音步，而音步的韵律是抑扬格。 这种形式首先出现在意大利，在十六世纪中传入英国，为伊丽莎白时代的文人所宠爱。诗人如莎士比亚、斯宾塞及西德尼都写下过很多著名的十四行诗。到十八世纪，十四行诗又受到冷落。后来才浪漫派诗人济慈、沃兹沃斯等人复兴。 英文的商籁诗两种类型：即意大利式(Petrarvhan)及莎士比业式(Shakesperoan)，或称英国式。 4.1 意大利式：由意大利诗人皮特拉克(Petrarch)所创，全诗分两部分：第一部分八行(The Octave)，由两个四行诗体(Quatrains)组成，韵脚是abbaabba；第二部分有六行(The Sestet)，韵脚可有不同形式。严格的意大利十四行诗，前八行结尾，诗意应告一段落，而后六行又转入新的诗意。 4.2 莎士比亚式：全诗亦分为两个部分：第一部分是三个四行诗体组成，韵脚可交替进行。第二部分双行诗体。是最后是押韵的双行诗体。全诗韵脚是ababcdcdefefgg。莎士比亚式诗中意境一气呵成，直到最后双行诗体，为全诗高潮。

If I were you, I would finish school and get a higher paid job.If I were you, I would move out of there and never look back.If I were you, I would buy a fuel efficient car to save money at the pump.If I were you, I would wait till black friday to buy a new digital camera.If I were you, I would eat more vegetables everyday and quit soda altogether.If I were you, I would exercise daily for at least 30 minutes to get rid of extra pounds.If I were you, I would request to speak with the store manager to resolve the dispute.If I were you, I would go out on weekends in stead of staying at home and eating junk food all day long.

Who Has Seen the Wind? Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you. But when the leaves hang trembling, The wind is passing through. Who has seen the wind? Neither you nor I. But when the trees bow down their heads, The wind is passing by. 谁曾见过风？ 罗塞蒂 谁曾见过风？ 你和我都不曾见过。 但是当树叶颤抖时， 见正在穿过。 谁曾见过风？ 你和我都不曾见过。 但是当群树低头时， 见正在吹过。

If I were you, I would rather stay at home If I were you, I would finish the work myself If I were you, I would definitely do that for him If I were you, I would travel on foot If I were you, I would go to the movies If I were you, I would pick that restaurant If I were you, I would go send her a letter If I were you, I would go overseas to enrich my horizon