汽车专业英语教案

汽车维修、保养、养护专业英语词汇汽车维护Vehicle maintenance汽车修理Vehicle repair汽车维修制度System of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车维修性Maintainability of vehicle汽车技术状况Technical Condition of Vehicle汽车完好技术状况Good condition of vehicle汽车不良状况Bad condition of vehicle汽车工作能力Working ability of vehicle汽车技术状况参数Parameters for technical condition of vehicle汽车极限技术状况Limiting condition of vehicle汽车技术状况变化规律Regularity for change of technical condition of vehicle运行缺陷Operational defect制造缺陷Manufacturing defect设计缺陷Design defect事故性缺陷Accidental defect汽车耗损Vehicle wear-out汽车零件磨损Wear of vehicle part磨损过程Wear process正常磨损Normal wear极限磨损Limiting wear允许磨损Permissible wear磨损率Wear rate机械磨损Mechanical wear化学损耗Chemical wear热磨损Thermic wear疲劳磨损Fatigue wear腐蚀性磨损Corrosion wear故障磨损Failure wear故障Malfunctioning断裂Breakdown损坏Damage更换（零件）Replacing擦伤Scratching刮伤Scoring点蚀Pitting粘附Adhesion咬粘Seizure烧伤Burning穴蚀Cavitation老化Aging疲劳 Fatigue 变形Deformation缺陷Defect汽车故障Vehicle failure完全故障Complete failure局部故障Partial failure致命故障Critical failure严重故障Major failure一般故障Minor failure汽车故障现象Symptom of vehicle failure抢气Mixture robbery呛油Fuel fouling盘车Turning飞车Run way工作粗暴Rough running早燃Preignition回火Back fire自燃现象Dieseling (after run)爆震（爆燃）Detonation火花（点火）爆燃Spark knock燃料爆燃Fuel knock (gas knock)不发火（不点火）Misfiring调速不匀Hunting过度停顿Flat spot调速器工作不匀Governor hunting回流Backflow窜气Blow-by稀释Dilution滤清器阻塞Clogged filter润滑超量Overlubrication（气缸）上油Oil pumping（柴油喷射系）渗漏滴油After dripping（燃料系）气阻Vapor lock结胶Gum deposit敲缸Knock拉缸Cylinder score咬缸Cylinder sticking轴颈擦伤Journal score刮伤Scuff拉瓦Bearing score（化油器）汽湿现象Percolation化油器结冰Carburetor icing活塞敲缸Piston knock (piston slap)活塞裙部挤扁Collapse of piston skirt气门挺杆发响Tappet noise (valve knock)气门弹簧颤动Valve spring surge（蓄电池）硫化Sulphation（蓄电池）过度放电Over discharge（火花塞）铅沉积Lead fouling（火花塞）积碳Carbon fouling真空提前失效Defective vacuum advance高压线跳火错乱Secondary wire crossfiring转向反冲Steering kickback离合器炸裂Clutch explosion制动踏板发软Spongy brake pedal制动踏板费力Hard pedal制动器发响Noisy brake制动踏板过低Low brake pedal制动盘摆动Disc runout制动失效Brake fade减振器失效Defective shock absorber轮胎烧耗Burn rubber轮胎急速磨耗Peel rubber漂滑效应Hydro-planning (aqua-planning)（由于紧急制动）紧急滑行Impending skid充气不足Under-inflation异响Abnormal knocking泄漏Leakage过热Overheat失控Out of control乏力Lack of power污染超限Illegal exhaust and noise费油Excessive consumption of fuel and oil振抖Fluttering故障率Failure rate平均故障率的观察值Observed mean failure rate故障树型分析法Fault tree analysis汽车维护类别Class of vehicle maintenance定期维护Periodic maintenance季节性维护Seasonal maintenance技术保养Technical service清洗Washing技术检查Check-up保养周期Service cycle保养里程Mileage between services每日保养Daily service防护Preserving冬季保养Winter check-up夏季保养Summer check-up走合维护Running-in maintenance汽车修理类别Class of vehicle repair汽车大修Major repair of vehicle汽车中修Medium repair of vehicle汽车小修Current repair of vehicle总成修理Unit repair零件修理Parts repair计划修理Scheduled repair定期修理Regulating repair视情修理Repair on technical condition非计划修理Unscheduled repair修复Reconditioning修理里程Mileage between repair拆开Separating拆下Withdrawing拆卸Disassembling校正Aligning装配Fitting重新装配Reassembling调整Adjusting单独修理Individual repair汽车报废Motor vehicle liquidation报废Scrapping汽车维护工艺Technology of Vehicle Maintenance汽车维护作业Operation of vehicle maintenance汽车维护工艺过程Technological process of vehicle maintenance汽车修理工艺Technology of vehicle repair汽车修理工艺过程Technological process of vehicle repair技术检验Technical checking检视Inspection 零件检验分类Inspection and classification of parts走合，磨合Running-in冷磨合Cold running-in热磨合Hot running-in修理尺寸Repair size走（磨）合期Running-in period走（磨）合过程Running-in process走（磨）合工况Running-in conditions加速磨损期Period of accelerated wear极限间隙Limiting clearance允许间隙Permissible clearance装配间隙Assembling clearance汽车维修工艺设备Technological equipment of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车修理技术标准Technical standard of vehicle repair汽车诊断 Vehicle diagnosis汽车检测Detecting test of vehicle诊断参数Diagnostic parameters诊断规范Diagnostic norms汽车维修管理Administration of Vehicle Maintenance汽车维护方法Method of vehicle maintenance汽车维护流水作业法Flow method of vehicle maintenance汽车维护定位作业法Method of vehicle maintenance on universal post汽车修理方法Method of vehicle repair汽车修理流水作业法Flow method of vehicle repair汽车修理定位作业法Method of vehicle repair on universal post总成互换修理法Unit exchange repairing method周转总成Reversible unit混装修理法Depersonalized repair method就车修理法Personalized repair method汽车维修指标Indices of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车维护生产纲领Production program of vehicle maintenance汽车修理生产纲要Production program of vehicle repair汽车维修周期Period of vehicle maintenance汽车诊断周期Period of vehicle diagnosis汽车维修竣工辆次Number of vehicle being received from maintenance or repair汽车大修平均在厂车日Average days in plant during major of vehicles汽车大修平均在修车日Average days during major repair of vehicles汽车大修平均工时Average man-hours of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车维修平均费用Average costs of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车大修返修率Returning rate of major repair of vehicle汽车小修频率Frequency of current repair of vehicles汽车大修间隔里程Average interval mileage of major repair of vehicles汽车修理工人实物劳动生产率Labour productivity of repair-man汽车维护企业Enterprise of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车维护场（站）Maintenance depot (station) of vehicles汽车停车场（库）Park汽车修理厂Vehicle repair plant汽车总成修理厂Unit repair plant for vehicle汽车诊断站Vehicle diagnosis station汽车检测站Detecting test station of vehicle汽车维修网点Network of vehicle maintenance and repair汽车维修工具和设备Instrument and Device for Vehicle Maintenance and Repair螺丝刀Screwdriver花扳手Ring spanner锉刀File双头扳手Double-ended spanner鲤鱼钳Combination pilers轮胎螺栓扳手Wheel wrench厚度规Feeler gauge杆式气缸量规Bar-type cylinder gauge气缸压力表Cylinder compressor gauge活塞台钳Piston vice活塞加热器Piston heater活塞环工具Piston ring tool活塞环钳（活塞环拆装钳）Piston ring pliers (piston ring tongs)压环器Piston ring compressor活塞环锉Piston ring file活塞销拉器Piston-pin extractor连杆校正器Connecting rod alignment fixture气门座刀具Valve seat cutter气门弹簧压缩器Valve spring compressor气门研磨工具Valve grinding tool (valve lapper)调整气门间隙扳手Tappet wrench浮子室液面仪Float level gauge歧管压力表Manifold pressure gauge set点火正时灯（正时观测灯）Ignition timing light (stroboscope)燃烧分析仪Combustion tester断电器触点闭合角Dwell meter火花塞间隙量规Plug gap gauge火花塞套筒扳手Spark plug box (socket) spanner蓄电池液体比重计Battery hydrometer汽车架Car stand (jack stand)轮轴架Axle stand前束量尺Toe-in gauge外倾测量器Camber gauge制动踏板压下器Brake depressor制动器放气软管Hose for brake bleeding车架量规Frame gauge轮毂拆卸器Hub puller车轮拆卸器Wheel wrench拆装轮胎用撬杠Tire-lever打气筒Tire pump螺旋千斤顶Screw jack轮胎压力计Pressure gauge油壶Oil can手油泵Manual fuel pump黄油枪Grease gun起动摇把Starting crank工具袋Tool bag车身修整工具Body bumping tool发动机测功机Engine dynamometer发动机综合试验机Engine analyzer发动机示波器Engine scope (oscillograph)电子诊断式发动机试验仪Electronic-diagnostic engine tester滚筒式测功试验台Roller type dynamometer (test bed)发动机加速测功仪Free acceleration engine tester容积式油耗计Volumetric fuel meter红外线废气分析仪Infrared rays exhaust gas analyzer异响诊断仪Abnormal engine noise diagnosis equipment气缸漏气率检验仪Cylinder leak tester发动机分析仪Engine analysis apparatus进气歧管真空度表Intake manifold vacuum meter气缸压力表Cylinder pressure gauge调整用的试验检测仪Tune-up tester底盘测功机Chassis dynamometer底盘润滑机Chassis lubricator曲轴箱窜气量测定仪Blow-by meter反作用力制动试验台Reaction type brake tester惯性式制动试验台Inertia type brake tester转向盘间隙测量仪Steering wheel freeplay gauge测滑试验台Side-slip checking stand前照灯检验仪Head light checking equipment气缸孔垂直检验仪Cylinder perpendicularity gauge主轴承座孔同轴度检验仪Main bearing aligning gauge移动式车轮平衡机Portable wheel balancer固定式车轮平衡机Wheel balancer车轮动平衡机Dynamic wheel balancer镗缸机Cylinder boring machine气缸珩磨机Cylinder honing machine直线镗削机Line borer气门修整机Valve reseater（活塞）销孔珩磨机Pinhole honer曲轴磨床Crankshaft grinding machine气门研磨机Valve grinding machine气门面磨光机Valve refacer气门座磨光机Valve seat grinder气门座偏心磨光机Eccentric valve seat grinder研磨机Lapping machine电子点火试验器Electronic ignition tester点火线圈试验器Ignition coil tester氖管火花试验器Neon spark tester电容器试验器Condenser tester电枢试验器Armature tester制动盘专用车床Disc lathe制动蹄片磨削装置Brake shoe grinder制动鼓车床Brake drum lathe制动液自动更换装置Brake flusher（液压）制动系空气排除器Brake bleeder

CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS1.1 Principal ComponentsToday's average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can grouped into four major categories: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.1.2 EngineThe engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine :gasoline(also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission.1.3 BodyAn automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.1.4 ChassisThe chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating part of a vehicle. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems.Transmission systems ― conveys the drive to the wheels. The main components are clutch, gearbox, driveshaft, final drive, and differential.Suspension― absorbs the road shocks.Steering― controls the direction of the movement.Brake― slows down the vehicle.1.5 Electrical EquipmentThe electrical system supplies electricity for the ignition, horn, lights, heater, and starter. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. This circuit consists of the battery, alternator (or generator). The battery stores electricity. The alternator changes the engine's mechanical energy into electrical energy and recharges the battery.New WordsPrincipal component 主要部件category 种类，类型body 车身chassis 底盘layout 布置power unit 动力装置internal combustion engine 内燃机cylinder 汽缸gasoline 汽油spark 火花ignition 点燃，点火diesel 柴油机compression 压缩shaft 轴transmission 传动系sheet metal 金属板shell 外壳hood （发动机）罩trunk deck 行李舱盖cargo 货物styling 样式assembly 总成，装配suspension 悬挂，悬置shock 冲击steering 转向，操纵brake 刹车，制动器clutch 离合器gearbox 变速器driveshaft 传动轴final drive 主减速器，后桥differential 差速器slow down （使）慢下来，减速horn 喇叭starter 起动机charge 充电alternator 交流发电机Review Questions 1. List the main parts of an automobile?2. What are the common types of a vehicle according to body styling?3. Which systems does a chassis include and what are the main functions of the chassis?4. Why are suspension systems used on vehicles?

汽车英语词汇大全：

防冻液anti-freeze fluid刹车片 brake plate备胎spare tire脚垫floor mat过滤器air cleaner发动机油engine oil不知道你还需要什么。有需要的话可以讨论讨论啊，偶做制造行业翻译滴

常用英语如下：

1、Instrument Panel：仪表板，凡是速度表、引擎转速表、机油压力表、冷却水温表等等的，都叫做仪表，在英文里英文都统称为Instrument。

2、Tachometer：引擎转速表，引擎转速表可以了解引擎的扭力曲线、明白引擎在多少转数时有多少动力输出，才能藉由掌握适时的换档时机、来获得所需要的动力衔接。

3、Cooling Water Temperature Gauge：冷却水温表，一般都省略Cooling一字而直接称Water Temperature Gauge。Gauge也是“表”的意思，和Meter一样。

4、Oil Pressure Gauge：机油压力表，这也是一个很重要的仪表，引擎能否正常运转，机油是第一道防线，因为机油除了负责引擎各零组件的润滑外，直接第一时间地将引擎因燃烧、摩擦而产生的热量带走。机油的量不够，那就会导致润滑与散热不良，引擎早晚要出问题，因此，有机油压力表，可以更进一步地帮助车主了解车况。

5、Bumper：保险杠，这个词是从Bump-凸起加上“er”字尾所演化而来的，因为保险杆就是车头、车尾的凸出物，装设保险杆的目的就是用来抵挡轻微的碰撞、以保护车身的。

《汽车商务英语》这本书共两大模块。

模块一：汽车英语，共11课。主要以图表的形式，从汽车类型、汽车结构、汽车发动机、汽车底盘、汽车电气系统、汽车车身、尺寸和重量、性能、外观和内饰、安全配置、舒适配置几个方面讲述了汽车基础核心词汇和知识，内容生动形象，练习浅显易懂。

模块二：商务英语，共13课。讲述在汽车销售及售后领域开展业务的几个方面。主要包括客户接待、客户开发、信息收集、汽车介绍、价格协商、促成交易、支付方式、处理投诉、用户反馈、维修接待、汽车维护和汽车保险。为了便于教学，本书附有参考译文和专业及常用词汇对照表。

参考资料《汽车商务英语》_百度百科

Air filter 空气滤清器Fuel filter 机油滤清器Oil filter 燃油滤清器Brake pad 刹车片Spare tire 备胎Engine 发动机Wiper blade雨刮器Clutch 离合器clutch disc 离合器盘Radiator 散热器Suspension 悬杠Rubber parts 橡胶件Brake disc 刹车盘Brake Shoes 刹车蹄Shock absorber 减震器Fan clutch 风扇离合器Water Pump 水泵Oil pump 燃油泵fuel Pump 机油泵Horn 蜗牛喇叭Engine oil level Sensor 油位传感器Knock sensor 敲缸传感器combination rear lamp 后备箱灯headlight前灯Belt Drive 皮带驱动Gaskets 垫片Regulator 调节器Steering 转向系统Air Flow sensor 空气流量计Brake Fluid 制动液Lubrication 润滑剂Cleaner 清洗剂Antifreeze 防冻剂