英语五大特殊句式

定语从句状语从句宾语从句主语从句补语从句

S 十 V 主谓S 十 V 十 F 主系表S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补

五个基本句式如下： S 十 V 主谓结构 S 十 V 十 F 主系表结构 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 说明： S ＝主语； V ＝谓语； P ＝表语； O ＝宾语； O1 ＝间接宾语； O2 ＝直接宾语； C ＝宾语补足语英语的五大句式 一)主 + 系 + 表语 例：You are a baby 系动词：联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）be动词--用来表示主语状态。 例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词--用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。 主要有：keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。 例如：This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词--用来表示"看起来像"这一概念， 主要有：seem, appear, look。 例1： He seems （to be） very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 例2：—You don’t look very _____.Are you ill? （ 2003春） —No, I’m just a bit tired. A．good B．well C．strong D．healthy 【句意】：你看上去不是很健康，生病了吗？ 【答案】：B 【分析】：look well 此时well是形容词表示健康 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例1：-Do you like the material? (1994) -Yes, it __________ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 【句意】：你喜欢这个材料吗？是的手感很软 【答案】：C 【分析】：soft形容词做feel的表语.感官系动词表示感觉所以要用一般现在时 例2：The story sounds___ (1989) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 【句意】：这个故事听起来是真的 【答案】：D 【分析】：sound是.感官系动词所以后加形容词做表语 例3： These oranges taste __________. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 【句意】：这些橘子吃起很好吃 【答案】：A 【分析】：taste是.感官系动词所以后加形容词做表语所以答案是A 5）变化系动词---这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词 主要有：become, grow, turn, get, go 等。 例： It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.(1992)他头发变得灰白让他忧虑。 6）终止系动词--表示主语已终止动作. 主要有：prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意。 例：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果） 二) 主语+不及物动词 S + Vi 例：you are crying 三) 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(及物，最少带1，最多带2) 例：I love you 四) 主+及物动词+宾语1+宾语2 例：I will give you a kiss. 可以带双宾语的动词： 买卖关系： buy pay cost 给予关系： give grant pass offer bring send 借还关系： lend return owe wish 说服关系： tell persuade 命名选举关系：name call elect select 其他关系：wish envy make 例1：We ______ each other the best of luck in the examination.(1991) A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished 【句意】：我们彼此祝愿考试幸运 【答案】：D 【分析】：each other the best of luck两个都是宾语，能接双宾语的词只有wish 例2：I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form (2002北京)我在想你是否能告诉我如何填这个表。 五) 主语+ 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补(补充说明宾语状态) 例1：I will make you happy 我会使你快乐的。

历年高考英语特殊句式专题精选1. —How is the little girl injured in the Wenzhou train collision（温州动车事故）?—The doctor said if______ in a proper way, she was likely to be saved. A. is treated B. treating C. treated D. to be treated解析：答案C。本句考查省略句。相当于if she was treated in a proper way…2. Was it in the lake ______she was saved by a solider? A. where B. that C. which D. what解析：答案B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语in the lake，是强调句的一般疑问句句型：Was it + 被强调部分+ that+句子？3. _____ an strange animal! I've never seen it before. A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether解析：答案B。考查感叹句。“多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。”此处为“How+ adj. +a/an +n.+ it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。4. It doesn’t matter if he will come to my party, _______? A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t he D. won’t he解析：答案B。考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他是否来参加我的派对，没有关系，是不是？5. You may have finished your homework. _____ , you can go on to play football. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 解析：答案D。省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so。6. Hardly ________ the railway station when the train took off. A. I had arrived at; when B. had I arrived; than C. had I reached; when D. I had got to; than答案C 解析：hardly位于句首，句子使用倒装句式，并且和when搭配。7. —Have you ever seen anything like that before? —No, ________ anything like that before. A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。否定词never置于句首，后面的句子倒装。8. He is not fond of cooking, ________ I. A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。否定句中当某事适合于两个事物或两个人时，常用nor或neither构成倒装句。9. Only by this means ________ make great progress in our English study. A. we B. can we C. we can D. will we be able to解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。only 放在句首，后面跟介词短语、副词或者状语从句，后面的句子使用倒装句式。10. I like playing football and _______. A. so does Tom B. so is Tom C. so can Tom D. so Tom likes解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。当一件事适合两个人或两件事，肯定句中用so接倒装句11. So loudly ________ that ________ hear him clearly. A. did he speak; could everyone B. did he speak; everyone could C. he spoke; could everyone D. he spoke; everyone could解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。结果状语从句中，so后面使用倒装句，从句部分不必倒装。12. I’m a student and I like English very much, ___________. A. so is Li Hua B. so does Li Hua C. so it is with Li Hua D. so it was with Li Hua解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。当句子有两个谓语，特别当一个是系动词，一个是行为动词时，常使用so it is/was …结构。13. Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. have I解析：答案B。本句考查倒装句。not until放在句首后面的主句使用倒装句式。时态要前后一致。14. _____, he’s honest. A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。让步状语从句由as引导，常会把作表语的形容词、名词，作状语的副词，作谓语的动词提前到句首，形成倒装句。15. Many a time ________ shopping alone. A. the girl went B. went the girl C. did the girl go D. did go the girl解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。状语提前，主谓语部分倒装。16. _____ a beautiful tower ________ the top of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at解析：答案D。本句考查倒装句。副词there放在句首，主谓完全倒装。17. There ________. And here ________. A. goes the bell; she comes B. is the bell going; is she C. does the bell go; does she come D. the bell goes; come she解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。副词there或者here放在句首，句子完全倒装。18. Out ________, with a ruler in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush解析：答案C。本句考查倒装句。副词out放在句首，如果主语为人称代词，主谓不完全倒装。19. Near the church ________ village. A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old解析：答案A。本句考查倒装句。介词短语near the church放在句首，主谓倒装。20. It is not how much we learn but how much love we put into what we do______ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what解析：答案C。本句考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。21. Only when I arrived the cinema ______I was late again. A. I realized B. I did realize C. realized I D. did I realize解析：答案D。本题考察倒装句， Only引导的状语从句位于句首，应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。22. Li Hua won’t join us in playing football this afternoon and . A. neither won’t I B. I won’t either C. I will too D. so will I解析：答案B。考查特殊句式。本句是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式，即neither/nor will I．注意A项中neither表否定意义，所以不能用won’t。23. It seems that something is wrong with my computer._______ , I’d like to take it to the compliant desk immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so解析：答案D。考查省略和替代。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因为那件事；if so若是这样。24. I opened the door. There _____ I had never seen before. A. a boy did stand B. a boy stood C. did a boy stand D. stood a boy解析：答案D。考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装句, 选D。25. Every day after supper, if not from homework, I will spend some time taking a walk with my friend. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired解析：答案C。本句考查省略句式。if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if I am not tired from homework, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。26. She must be helping her mother water the garden, ? A. is she B. isn’t she C. must she D. mustn’t she 解析：答案B。本题考查反意疑问句。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测。而must后有助动词be, 故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成, 选B。27.—I wonder ______ you’ll water this kind of flower. —Every other day. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much 解析：答案A。相似疑问词的区别。根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率, 符合题意。 28. It is that Prime Minister David Cameron（卡梅伦首相） blamed the worst riots（骚乱） in Britain the other day. A. reported B. to report C. reporting D. being reported解析：答案A。本句考查固定句型（it is +Ved +that从句）。29.—What’s wrong with Mary? —Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go out at night alone, but she still ________ . A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for解析：答案A。本句考查固定搭配hope to do sth. 在不定式作简略回答时, 常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。30. the website of China daily, and you will learn a lot from it. A. Search B. To search C. Searching D. Having searched解析：答案A。此题考查祈使句+and+简单句。祈使句+and+简单句, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句。31.China has already sent up three spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched解析：答案B。此题考查独立主格结构。句中没有连接词, 故不能选作谓语动词的A项；the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构, 由at the end of last March可知应选用表示动作完成的B项。32. Kate, here—everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming解析：答案A。本题考查了祈使句的用法。Kate和everybody else作为呼语出现, 后面的句子为祈使句, 省略了第二人称的主语you, 故应用动词原形。33. I forgot to bring my ticket, but please let me enter the theatre, ? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we解析：答案C。此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是 “好吗,可以吗”。34. It was when she got what she had wanted she realized it was not so necessary. A. that B. when C. since D. as解析：答案A。此题考查强调句。强调句的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。强调句子的时间状语when she got what she had wanted。35. China's railway system is said the brakes（高铁 “刹车”） these days. A. that it hits B. to hit C. that it has hit D. to have hit解析：答案D。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式, 当不定式动作表示完成时, 不定式需用完成形式,因此选D项。36. Water is to human beings oil is to machines. A. as B. that C. what D. which解析：答案C。此题考查固定句型“A is to B what C is to D”。句意为：水对于人类正如石油对于机器一样。37.— I reminded you not to forget your homework.— . A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I解析：答案A。本题考查 “so+助动词+主语”与 “so+主语+助动词”的意义区别。so+与前句相同的主语+助动词, 表示赞同, 意为 “确实”。38. to cure the terrible disease, the patient turn to her doctor for help to end his life. A. Having given hope B. With no hope C. There being hope D. In the hope解析：答案B。本题考查with结构（独立主格结构）。根据句意和结构, 显然其余三项不符合。39. in sea trial(航母试航) that he decided to watch TV instead of doing his homework. A. So interested the boy was B. So interested was the boy C. How interested the boy was D. The boy was such interested解析：答案B。此题考查主谓一致和倒装结构。句意为:这个男孩对于航母试航是那样的感兴趣；以至于他决定去看电视而不做作业。so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首，句子用部分倒装。40. After the initial exchange of fire（第一轮交火）near the Yeonpyeong island(延坪岛), there was no further response from the DRPK, ? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it解析：答案B。考查反意疑问句。因为陈述部分是肯定形式, 所以反意疑问部分用否定形式。41. She has worked for more than 12 hours. she is tired out. A. It is no way B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. There is no point 解析：答案C。本题考查固定句型。句意为：她已经工作了12个小时之多, 怪不得那么疲倦。It is no way. 没门；There is no need.不需要；There is no point. 没有意义。42.—What can we do with this passage?— the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out解析：答案C。本题考查在具体语境中的省略。第二句补充完整应为You should find out the main idea of each paragraph。43. Don’t be excited. things as they are and you will enjoy your own life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken解析：答案C。考查“祈使句+and+简单句”句型。表示如果……就……。

1、全部倒装

（1）表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语如 here there then up down inout，away，off， in the room on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时

例句：At the foot of the mountain lies a village。

山脚下有一个村庄。

（2）表语置于句首，为保持句子平衡，或以示强调，或使上下文衔接需倒装

例句：Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.

出席会议的有怀特教、史密斯教授，还有许多其他客人

2、部分倒装

（1）only所修饰的词、短语或从句位于句首作语时

例句：Only then did he realize the importance of English.

只是在那时他才意识到英语的重要性

Only in this way can we learn English well

只有这样我们才能学好英语

Only when he came back did we find out the truth

只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事实真相

当only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。

例句：Only you can solve the problem.

只有你能解决这个问题。

（2）含有否定意义的副词或短语如 neverseldomhardly，rarelyby no means，at no time not until等位首时

例句：At no time should you give up studying.

在任何时候你都不应放弃学习。

（3）soo/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时。

例句：They love having lots of friends,so do those with disabilities.

他们喜欢拥有许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。

I dont know who he is,and nor does she.

我不知道他是谁，她也不知道。

so表示是的，确实”时，重复上文表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。

例句：He works very hard.

他工作很努力

（4）so that中的so位于句首时

例句：So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs.

他说话声音这么大，楼上都听得见

（5）though/as引导让步状语从句时，意为“管”，通常把句中状语、表语或动词提前，若表语是名词，其前不用冠词

例句：Much as I like it,I don，t want to buy it.

尽管我很喜欢它，但我不想买

Try as he would,he might fail again.

尽管他还会尝试，但可能还会失败

（6）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had，were或 should等时，如将略，则要将had，were或 should等移到主语之前

例句：Were I you,I would take his advice.

如果我是你，我会接受他的建议

Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.

So he does.他确实努力。

3、强调

强调句型的基本形式为Itis/was+被强调部分+thatwho+其他成分被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。当强调部分为”人“时，可用that或who，其他情况下用that

例句：It was our English teacher that/whoi met at the school gate.

我在校门口遇见的是我们的英语老师。

It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.

汤姆是在公园丢了他的手表。

4、省略

（1）状语从句的省略有些时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，而且从句的谓语动词又包含be，就可以省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。

例句：While(I was)in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Great Wall.

在北京时,我去游览了长城。

（2）还有诸如：if so（如果如此）；if any（如果有）；if in need（如果需要）；if necessary（如果有必要）

5、反意疑问句

(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句must作“一定,准是”讲,可首先将句子改为“ am sure that从句,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据 be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。

(2)主句谓语动词 think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine的主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和谓语动词与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致；若他们的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分由主句来决定。

例句：I don' t believe he will succeed, will he?

我认为他不会成功,是吗?

6、祈使句

祈使句的主语是you，但一般被省略；当前面有呼语时，一般得补出主语you；否定式一般是在前面加Don’t。

在“祈使句，+and／or／and then+句子”句型中，当祈使句中含有比较级时，可将祈使句中的谓语部分省略，只留下“比较级或比较级与名词，+and／or／and then+句子”。

例句：Please bring the book to me.

特殊疑问句一般疑问句陈述句感叹句祈使句