林肯简介英文版

Lincoln, American statesman, strategist and 16th President.

林肯，美国政治家、战略家、第16任总统。

Lincoln was the first Republican president to lead the abolition of black slavery in the United States during his term of office.

林肯是首位共和党籍总统，在任期间主导废除了美国黑人奴隶制。

Lincoln abolished slavery in the rebellious states and defeated the separatist forces of the South.

林肯他废除了叛乱各州的奴隶制，击败了南方分离势力。

Lincoln defended the right of the United States and its territory to equality regardless of race.

林肯维护了美利坚联邦及其领土上不分人种、人人生而平等的权利。

在南北战争中，林肯政治策略的中心是维护联邦的统一。在他的心目中，“联邦意味着自由的政府、民存、民治、民享的政府。”他认为内战应把拯救联邦、恢复国家的统一作为最高奋斗目标，他的这一态度一直坚持到内战的胜利结束为止。

在内战初期，林肯回避奴隶制问题，到内战中期他发表《解放宣言》，直至内战后期对南方叛乱政府和军队采取宽容政策，都是服从于联邦统一这一最根本的目的。内战初期，废除奴隶制与维护联邦统一孰先孰后，成为美国朝野争论的焦点。

林肯与反对派（激进派和废奴主义者）在这问题上的看法有着很大的分歧。反对派认为应先解放南方各州黑奴，然后平叛。林肯则从考虑国家整体和长远利益出发，认为维护联邦的统一是一首要问题，在1861年7月4日致国会咨文中，他强调“联邦不可分”。

国会参众两院比较赞同林肯的观点，随后一致通过关于战争目的的决议。宣称战争“不是为了任何征服或者镇压目的，不是为了推翻或干涉南部诸州的权利和现存制度，战争的唯一目的就是保存联邦”。“维护联邦统一”成为林肯政府的纲领口号，成为南北战争的至上目标。

基于这个目的，对奴隶制问题林肯采取回避态度。他认为：“如果我能拯救联邦而不解放一个奴隶，我愿意这样做；如果这是为了拯救联邦需要解放所有的奴隶，我也愿意这样做。”

在当时的情况下，联邦是唯一能团结最大多数人的旗帜，也是唯一能导向胜利的旗帜。面对美国当时的现实状况和客观形势，林肯采取回避奴隶制的策略是明智的。它服从并有利于维护联邦统一这一中心目的。

参考资料来源：百度百科-亚伯拉罕·林肯

1809.2.12, birthday 1818 (9 years), the mother died. 1831 (22 years), a business failure. 1832 (23 years old), his state parliament seat. In the same year (23 years old), lost. To attend law school, but not school qualifications. 1833 (24 years), to borrow money for business friends. In the end (24 years), again went bankrupt. Next, he spent 16 years before the debt repaid. 1834 (25 years), again for the state, this won. 1835 (26 years), after the marriage betrothal, fiancee died. 1836 (27 years), the spirit of total collapse, confined for six months. 1838 (29 years), the state's bid to become the spokesman -- without success. 1840 (31 years old) and strive to be electors -- lost. 1843 (34 years), to participate in parliamentary elections -- also unsuccessful. 1846 (37 years), to participate in the Congress election again -- this time elected. Go to Washington, D.C., performance merits. 1848 (39 years), congressmen seek re-election, but failed. 1849 (40 years old), would like to state in their own land as the Secretary of the work was rejected. 1854 (45 years), running for U.S. Senator, was. 1856 (47 years), within the Republican nomination for Vice President -- less than 100 votes. 1860 (51 years old), was elected President of the United States. Become the greatest president in U.S. history one. Born on the Lincoln name, will their lives in the face of defeat. He had desperate things, but did not give up this life high jump competition.

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the sixteenth President of the United States. He successfully led the country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, saving the Union and ending slavery, only to be assassinated as the war was virtually over. Before becoming the first Republican elected to the Presidency, Lincoln was a lawyer, an Illinois state legislator, a member of the United States House of Representatives, and twice an unsuccessful candidate for election to the Senate.As an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery in the United States,[1][2] Lincoln won the Republican Party nomination in 1860 and was elected president later that year. During his time in office, he contributed to the effort to preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederate States of America in the American Civil War. He introduced measures that resulted in the abolition of slavery, issuing his Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoting the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which passed Congress before Lincoln's death and was ratified by the states later in 1865.Lincoln closely supervised the victorious war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including Ulysses S. Grant. Historians have concluded that he handled the factions of the Republican Party well, bringing leaders of each faction into his cabinet and forcing them to cooperate. Lincoln successfully defused a war scare with the United Kingdom in 1861. Under his leadership, the Union took control of the border slave states at the start of the war. Additionally, he managed his own reelection in the 1864 presidential election.Opponents of the war (also known as "Copperheads") criticized Lincoln for refusing to compromise on the slavery issue. Conversely, the Radical Republicans, an abolitionist faction of the Republican Party, criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. Even with these road blocks, Lincoln successfully rallied public opinion through his rhetoric and speeches; his Gettysburg Address is but one example of this. At the close of the war, Lincoln held a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to speedily reunite the nation through a policy of generous reconciliation. His assassination in 1865 was the first presidential assassination in U.S. history and as a result Lincoln is seen as a martyr for the ideal of national unity.[citation needed] Lincoln has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents.

亚伯拉罕·林肯 ( Abraham Lincoln ) （1809-1865）