edison英文介绍

Thomas Alva Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be a dark place. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.Thomas A. Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, on February 11, 1847. His family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, when he was seven years old. Surprisingly, he attended school for only two months. His mother, a former teacher, taught him a few things, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. His natural curiosity led him to start experimenting at a young age with electrical and mechanical things at home.When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train that ran between Port Huron and Detroit. He set up a laboratory in a baggage care of the train so that he could continue his experiments in his spare time. Unfortunately, his first work experience did not end well. Thomas was fired when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the baggage car.Thomas then worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time on the job conducting experiments. He got his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity. However, the vote recorder was not a success. In 1870, he sold another invention, a stock-ticker, for $40,000. A stock-ticker is a machine that automatically prints stock prices on a tape. He was then able to build his first shop in Newark, New Jersey.Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man" because he worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.Thomas Edison died at the age of 84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New Jersey. He left numerous inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.爱迪生 (1847-1931) 19世纪被誉为科学的世纪，也是以科学的技术化和社会化为突出特征的世纪。科学在这个世纪开始成为社会生活的一个重要组成部分。风起云涌的伟大创新转变成为技术科学的巨大威力。这个世纪的一些科技巨擘继续活跃于20世纪。托马斯·阿尔沃·爱迪生（Thomas Alva Edison）,就是其中之一。美国《生活》周刊不久前评出的过去1000年的100位最有影响力人物中，爱迪生名列第一。爱迪生出身低微、生活贫困，他的“学历”是一生只上过3个月的小学，老师因为总被他古怪的问题问得张口结舌，竟然当他母亲的面说他是个傻瓜、将来不会有什么出息。母亲一气之下让他退学，由她亲自教育。这时，爱迪生的天资得以充分地展露。在母亲指导下，他阅读了大量的书籍，并在家中自己建了一个小实验室。为筹措实验室的必要开支，他只得外出打工，当报童、办报纸。最后用积攒的钱在火车的行李车厢建了个小实验室，继续作化学实验研究。后来，化学药品起火，几乎把这个车厢烧掉。暴怒的行李员把爱迪生的实验设备都扔下车去，还打了他几记耳光,据说爱迪生因此终生致聋。爱迪生是美利坚民族崇尚的那种传奇般的人物——虽未受过良好的学校教育，但凭个人奋斗和非凡才智获得巨大成功。他自学成才，以坚韧不拔的毅力、罕有的热情和精力从千万次的失败中站了起来，克服了数不清的困难，成为美国发明家、企业家。他早年曾制定双工式和四工式电报系统，发明自动电报帮电机。1877～1879年发明留声机；实验并改进了电灯（白炽灯）和电话。以后又制定了照明系统，并为实现集中供电进行了许多工作。他提出并采用直流三线系统。制成当时容量最大的发电机，并于1882年利用该机建成了第一座大型发电厂。在同时期，作了铁道电气化的试验。1883年发现“爱迪生效应”，即热电子发射现象。在电影技术、矿业、建筑、化工等方面也有不少著名的发明，仅从1869年到1901年，就取得了1328项发明专利。在他的一生中，平均每15天就有一项新发明，他因此而被誉为“发明大王”。爱迪生献身科学、淡泊名利。在研制电灯时，记者对他说：“如果你真能造出电灯来取代煤气灯，那你一定会赚大钱。”爱迪生回答说：“一个人如果仅仅为积攒金钱而工作，他就很难得到一点别的东西——甚至连金钱也得不到！”他一直被称作现代电影之父，可是在电影界人士为他77岁寿辰举行的盛大宴会上，他说：“对于电影的发展，我只是在技术上出了点力，其他的都是别人的功劳。”爱迪生胸襟开阔、善处逆境。针对自己的耳聋不便，他说：“走在百老汇的人群中，我可以像幽居森林深处的人那样平静。耳聋从来就是我的福气，它使我免去了许多干扰和精神痛苦。”1914年某天晚上，爱迪生的电影实验室突遭火灾，损失巨大。爱迪生安慰伤心之极的妻子说：“不要紧，别看我已67岁了，可我并不老。从明天早晨起，一切都将重新开始，我相信没有一个人会老得不能重新开始工作的。”第二天，爱迪生不但开始动工建造新车间，而且又开始发明一种新的灯——一种帮助消防队员在黑暗中前进的便携式探照灯。火灾对爱迪生就像是一支小小的插曲。爱迪生造福大众、不畏艰辛。为寻找灯丝，他试验了数千种材料；为试制一种新的蓄电池，他失败了八千次。因此，爱迪生常常说：“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的勤奋。”他在80岁时，仍然保持着发明家的精神，坚张地进行着发明创造活动。1927年，他成立了爱迪生植物研究公司，投入一个崭新的研究领域，寻觅化工新材料。81岁高龄的爱迪生成功地从野草中提炼出橡胶，受到人们极高的评价。1931年10月18日清晨3时24分，爱迪生带着宽慰的微笑，闭目辞世，享年84岁。临终时他坦然地说：“我为人类的幸福，已经尽力了；没有什么可遗憾的了。”举行葬礼的那天，全美国熄灭电灯一分钟，以示哀悼。这是人们表达对爱迪生无限怀念之情的最隆重的方式，也是人们献给这位伟大发明家的一曲无言的赞歌。

Thomas Alva Edison was a man of wonderful ability whohad the good luck to be born at a good time. In the periodjust after the American Civil War the United States wasgrowing conditions were right for the talents of a man likeEdison.The Edison family had come to the United States from Hollandin the early part of the l8th century． Thomas Alva theyoungest of Samuel’s seven children was born in 1847.Thomas was an unusually curious child． Even at an early agehe loved to read and make experiments． Because he was sodreamy and quiet a teacher once accused him of being stupid．Thomas’s mother was so displeased by this remark that she tookher son out of school and never sent him back. She took chargeof his education herself and taught him reading historyscience and philosophy． Edison was a very quick reader and heremembered everything． Once he got the idea of starting at thefirst shelf of a large library and reading everything in it．But after reading through fifteen feet of books he gave upthis ambition.In order to earn money for books and for his scientificexperiments Thomas sold vegetables from the family garden.This work did not bring in enough money and so he began tosell newspapers and candy on a train that ran between PortHuronMichigan and Detroit． Because people were so eager forthe latest news about the CiviI War which was then at itsheight Thomas decided in February 1862 when he was fifteenyears old to print a newspaper of his own the Weekly Herald,in a baggage car of the train where he worked．In four years heearned two thousand dollars from thisbusiness.While he worked on the train young Edison continued toexperiment setting up a laboratory in the baggage car. One daya stick of phosphorus feIl to the floor and set thecar onfire． The conductor of the train as so angry that he threw Tomand all his equipment off the train at the next station； healso struck Tom causing a permanent injury which later madehim deaf in the right ear.One day not long after he had started his newspaper, EdiSonsaw a child playing on the tracks in front of a train. Hejumped off the station platform and snatched the child fromthe wheels of the train. The father who happened to be thestationmaster was so grateful that he offered to teach Tom tobecome a telegraph operator．He gave him lessons four days aweek after the station had closed for the nightand in threeweeks Edison was a better telegrapher than his teacher.Edison was sober and independent for his age, but hen wasrestless and very careless in his dress． He began to wanderfrom city to city and from job to job． Because his ideas weretoo strange to please the men who hired him,they often askedhim to leave． During this time, he worked in Indianapolis,Cincinnati, Memphis, and Louisville．Edison went to Boston's where he had been promised work asadegraph operator, mainly because of the neat handwriting inhis letter of application, When heappeared in that city, helooked so untidy and strange that the superintendent asked himto return later in the day to take a test in telegraphy, withihe idea of making ihe test so diffcult that the young mancould not possibly pass it, As the rapid message came in,Edison realized clerks in the station were playing a joke onhim. They had arranged for the new York operator to send him amessage, faster and faster,in an effort to make Edison admitthat he could not write it down at such a rapid pace, ButEdison was not discouraged. He decided to outwit thesefellows, and he began to send a message himself. He said tothe New York operator,“Come on, don’t go to sleep．Get busy!That ended the joke, and Edison won his job, as weil as thetitle of fastest telegraph operator in the Western UnionCompany.In 1869 he borrowed some money and went to New York． Duringthe first three years he spent there, he nearly died ofstarvation. He slept in a room belonging to a company thatsent information on stock prices to the business houses of NewYork． One day the machine that printed news about goldstopped． Six hundred banks and business houses were withoutinformation about what was being bought and sold that day.Edison succeeded in repairing the machine, and he was thenoffered a job as manager for $300 a month． He was soon hard atwork making improvements in the machine and inventing newparts． His Universal Printer, invented at this time, printedfull information about gold prices, instead of showing themonly by a few letters and numbers． This was his first bigsuccess． GeneraI Marshall Lefferts, president of the Gold andStock Telegraph Company, bought this and several otherinventions of Edison's for forty thousand dollars.Edison then put his new money to work． He opened a factoryin Newark,New Jersey． Soon he had over one hundred and fiftymen building machines to record stock prices, while he himselfcontinued to work on new ideas. At one time, he had forty-fiveseparate inventions in his laboratory, including severalimportant improvements of the telegrilph. He invented a way ofsending two messages at the same time in opposite directions,and then a way of sending two messages at the same time in thesame direction,In 1874 he invented and sold to Western Union asystem by which four messages could be sent over one wire atthe same time, two in each direction. He also perfected a newsystem for sending telegrams. These inventions saved WesternUnion milhons of dollars in the cost of wires and telegraphpoles alone.Western Union then suggested to Edison that he try todevelop a commercially useful telephone, Alexander Graham Bellhad already patented the te1ephone, but Bell's telephone couldbe heard only over short distances． Edison added severalimprovements, which were adopted, and are still used in thetelephone today． Western Union paid Edison one hundredthousand dollars for his inventions.In l876 he built a workshop and laboratory in Menlo Park,New Jersey． He was known after that as he Wizard of MenloPark,because of the wonderful discoveries he made there, Hebegan to study the attempts of other men to invent anincandescent electric light． He tried over and over again tomake a soft light that would be suitab1e for use in privatehouses． He tested over two thousand materials beforediscovering one that would work． He needed something thatwould become hot and give off light when electricity passedthrough it in a glass container from which the air had beenremoved． He spent a hundred thousand dollars searching for thebest material． Men were sent to India, China, Brazil, andfinally, Japan, where a material was finally found.In Jalluary,1880, the electric light was patented. Edisonthen built a factory for the production of his light in MenloPark, and an electric power station in New York City. But itwas fourteen years before the public really accepted theelectric light． After that, the electric light business grewSo great that Edison was able to sell his share in theelectric light for more than one million dollars.Edison patented over one thousand separate inventions duringhis life, He never stopped trying to learn more about scienceand what it could do for man, His discoveries probablyincreased the wealth of the world more than those of any othersingle man in history.On October l8,1931,Edison died at the age of eighiy-four athis home in Orange, New Jersey． Several days later, the wholeUnited States turned off its electric lights for one minute,in honor of the man whose discoveries had so changed andimproved the life of people everywhere.

托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生（Thomas Alva Edison，1847年2月11日—1931年10月18日），出生于美国俄亥俄州米兰镇，逝世于美国新泽西州西奥兰治。发明家、企业家。

爱迪生是人类历史上第一个利用大量生产原则和电气工程研究的实验室来进行从事发明专利而对世界产生深远影响的人。他发明的留声机、电影摄影机、电灯对世界有极大影响。他一生的发明共有两千多项，拥有专利一千多项。

扩展资料：

托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生的个人经历

1855年，他开始上学，那所学校只有一个班级，校长和老师都是恩格尔先生。因为爱迪生有刨根问底的天性，在上课时经常经常问老师问题一些另类的问题，仅仅三个月的时间，就被老师以“低能儿”的名义撵出学校。

1857年，爱迪生开始对化学产生了兴趣，他在自己家中的地窖按照教科书做实验，并且经常搞得事故频繁。

1861年，爱迪生用卖报挣来的钱买了一架旧印刷机，开始出版自己主编的周刊《先驱报》，创刊号是在列车上印刷的，他既是社长、记者、发行人，同时也是印刷工人和报童。

1863年，爱迪生经麦肯齐的介绍，他担任了大干线铁路斯特拉福特枢纽站电信报务员，但没多久就被解雇了。

参考资料来源：百度百科-托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison was a famous American scientist. He was born in 1847. When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked. He was in school for only three months. He asked his teacher a lot of strange questions. Most of them had nothing to do with his lessons. The teacher thought the boy was not bright and was not worth teaching. When he told this to Edison�s mother,she took her son out of school. As she had been a teacher,she taught him herself. The boy read a lot. Soon he became very interested in science. At the age of ten, Edison had already built a chemistry lab for himself. Ever since then, he never stopped searching for new and better ways to do things.Thomas Edison was born on February 11, 1847 and died on October 18, 1931. He was an inventor and businessman who developed many important devices."The Wizard of Menlo Park" was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention.In 1880 Edison founded the journal Science, which in 1900 became the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors, holding a record 1,093 patents in his name.Most of these inventions were not completely original but improvements of earlier patents, and were actually works of his numerous employees.Edison was frequently criticized for not sharing the credit.Nevertheless, Edison received patents worldwide, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Edison started the Motion Picture Patents Company, which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios.

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 - October 18, 1931), was born in Milan, Ohio, USA, an American inventor and entrepreneur.Edison is the first person in human history to use the principles of mass production and electrical engineering research to make invention patents that have a profound and far-reaching impact on the world.The phonograph, movie camera, and electric light he invented have had a great impact on the world. He has invented more than 2,000 inventions in his lifetime and has more than 1,000 patents. Edison was ranked 9th in the 100 characters affecting the United States by the American journal Atlantic Monthly .On October 18, 1931, Thomas Alva Edison died in West Orange, New Jersey, USA.

迪生 一、英语姓氏:中文名字:托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生英文姓氏: Edison二、科学家托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生（Thomas Alva Edison）是位举世闻名的美国电学家和发明家，他除了在留声机、电灯、电话、电报、电影等方面的发明和贡献以外，在矿业、建筑业、化工等领域也有不少著名的创造和真知灼见。爱迪生一生共有约两千项创造发明，为人类的文明和进步作出了巨大的贡献。爱迪生于1847年2月11日诞生于美国中西部的俄亥俄州的米兰小市镇。父亲是荷兰人的后裔，母亲曾当过小学教师，是苏格兰人的后裔。爱迪生7岁时，父亲经营屋瓦生意亏本，将全家搬到密歇根州休伦北郊的格拉蒂奥特堡定居下来。搬到这里不久，爱迪生就患了猩红热，病了很长时间，人们认为这种疾病是造成他耳聋的原因。爱迪生8岁上学，但仅仅读了三个月的书，就被老师斥为“低能儿”而撵出校门。从此以后，他的母亲是他的“家庭教师”。由于母亲的良好的教育方法，使得他对读书发生了浓厚的兴趣。“他不仅博览群书，而且一目十行，过目成诵”。8岁时，他读了英国文艺复兴时期最重要的剧作家莎士比亚、狄更斯的著作和许多重要的历史书籍，到9岁时，他能迅速读懂难度较大的书，如帕克的《自然与实验哲学》。10岁时酷爱化学。11岁那年，他实验了他的第一份电报。为了赚钱购买化学药品和设备，他开始了工作。12岁的时候，他获得列车上售报的工作，辗转于休伦港和密歇根州的底特律之间。他一边卖报，一边兼做水果、蔬菜生意，只要有空他就到图书馆看书。他买了一架旧印刷机，开始出版自己的周刊——《先驱报》，第一期周刊就是在列车上印刷的。他用所挣得的钱在行李车上建立了一个化学实验室。不幸有一次化学药品着火，他连同他的设备全被扔出车外。另外有一次，当爱迪生正力图登上一列货运列车时，一个列车员抓住他的两只耳朵助他上车。这一行动导致了爱迪生成为终身聋子。 1862年8月，爱迪生以大无畏的英雄气魄救出了一个在火车轨道上即将遇难的男孩。孩子的父亲对此感恩戴德，但由于无钱可以酬报，愿意教他电报技术。从此，爱迪生便和这个神秘的电的新世界发生了关系，踏上了科学的征途。 1863年，爱迪生担任大干线铁路斯特拉福特枢纽站电信报务员。从1864年至1867年，在中西部各地担任报务员，过着类似流浪的生活。足迹所至，包括斯特拉福特、艾德里安、韦恩堡、印第安那波利斯、辛辛那提、那什维尔、田纳西、孟斐斯、路易斯维尔、休伦等地。 1868年，爱迪生以报务员的身份来到了波士顿。同年，他获得了第一项发明专利权。这是一台自动记录投票数的装置。爱迪生认为这台装置会加快国会的工作，它会受到欢迎的。然而，一位国会议员告诉他说，他们无意加快议程，有的时候慢慢地投票是出于政治上的需要。从此以后，爱迪生决定，再也不搞人们不需要的任何发明。 1869年6月初，他来到纽约寻找工作。当他在一家经纪人办公室等候召见时，一台电报机坏了。爱迪生是那里唯一的一个能修好电报机的人，于是他谋得了一个比他预期的更好的工作。10月他与波普一起成立一个“波普——爱迪生公司”，专门经营电气工程的科学仪器。在这里，他发明了“爱迪生普用印刷机”。他把这台印刷机献给华尔街一家大公司的经理，本想索价5000美元，但又缺乏勇气说出口来。于是他让经理给个价钱，而经理给了4万美元。爱迪生用这笔钱在新泽西州纽瓦克市的沃德街建了一座工厂，专门制造各种电气机械。他通宵达旦地工作。他培养出许多能干的助手，同时，也巧遇了勤快的玛丽，他未来的第一个新娘。在纽瓦克，他做出了诸如蜡纸、油印机等的发明，从1872至1875年，爱迪生先后发明了二重、四重电报机，还协助别人搞成了世界上第一架英文打字机。 1876年春天，爱迪生又一次迁居，这次他迁到了新泽西州的“门罗公园”。他在这里建造了第一所“发明工厂”，它“标志着集体研究的开端”。1877年，爱迪生改进了早期由贝尔发明的电话，并使之投入了实际使用。他还发明了他心爱的一个项目——留声机。电话和电报“是扩展人类感官功能的一次革命”；留声机是改变人们生活的三大发明之一，“从发明的想象力来看，这是他极为重大的发明成就”。到这个时候，人们都称他为“门罗公园的魔术师”。 爱迪生在发明留声机的同时，经历无数次失败后终于对电灯的研究取得了突破，1879年10月22日，爱迪生点燃了第一盏真正有广泛实用价值的电灯。为了延长灯丝的寿命，他又重新试验，大约试用了6000多种纤维材料，才找到了新的发光体——日本竹丝，可持续1000多小时，达到了耐用的目的。从某一方面来说，这一发明是爱迪生一生中达到的登峰造极的成就。接着，他又创造一种供电系统，使远处的灯具能从中心发电站配电，这是一项重大的工艺成就。 他在纯科学上第一个发现出现于1883年。试验电灯时，他观察到他称之为爱迪生效应的现象：在点亮的灯泡内有电荷从热灯丝经过空间到达冷板。爱迪生在1884年申请了这项发现的专利，但并未进一步研究。而旁的科学家利用爱迪生效应发展了电子工业，尤其是无线电和电视。 爱迪生又企图为眼睛做出留声机为耳朵做出的事，电影摄影机即产生于此。使用一条乔治伊斯曼新发明的赛璐珞胶片，他拍下一系列照片，将它们迅速地、连续地放映到幕布上，产生出运动的幻觉。他第一次在实验室里试验电影是在1889年，1891年申请了专利。1903年，他的公司摄制了第一部故事片“列车抢劫”。爱迪生为电影业的组建和标准化做了大量工作。 1887年爱迪生把他的实验室迁往西奥兰治以后，为了他的多种发明制成产品和推销，他创办了许多商业性公司；这些公司后来合并为爱迪生通用电气公司，后又称为通用电气公司。此后，他的兴趣又转到荧光学、矿石捣碎机、铁的磁离法、蓄电池和铁路信号装置 第一次世界大战期间，他研制出鱼雷机械装置、喷火器和水底潜望镜。 1929年10月21日，在电灯发明50周年的时候，人们为爱迪生举行了盛大的庆祝会，德国的爱因斯坦和法国的居里夫人等著名科学家纷纷向他祝贺。不幸的是，就在这次庆祝大会上，当爱迪生致答辞的时候，由于过分激动，他突然昏厥过去。从此，他的身体每况愈下。1931年10月18日，这位为人类作过伟大贡献的科学家因病逝世，终年84岁。 爱迪生的文化程度极低，对人类的贡献却这么巨大，这里的“秘诀”是什么呢？他除了有一颗好奇的心，一种亲自试验的本能，就是他具有超乎常人的艰苦工作的无穷精力和果敢精神。当有人称爱迪生是个“天才”时，他却解释说：“天才就是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。”他在“发明工厂”，把许多不同专业的人组织起来，里面有科学家、工程师、技术人员、工人共100多人，爱迪生的许多重大发明就是靠这个集体的力量才获得成功的。他的成就主要归功于他的勤奋和创造性才能以及集体的力量，此外，他的妻子也曾起了相当重要的作用。 爱迪生发明创造年表：1868年10月11日发明“投票计数器”，获得生平第一项专利权。1869年10月与友人合设“波普——爱迪生公司”。1870年发明普用印刷机，出让专利权，获4万美元。在纽约克自设制造厂。1872—1876年发明电动画机电报，自动复记电报法，二重、四重电报法，制造蜡纸炭质电阻器等。1875年发明声波分析谐振器。1876年在新泽西州的门罗公园建立了一个实验室——第一个工业研究实验室。它是现代的“研究小组”这一概念的创始。发明碳精棒送话器。申请电报自动记录机专利。1877年在门罗公园改进了早期由贝尔发明的电话，并使之投入了实际使用。获得三项专利：穿孔笔、气动铁笔和普通铁笔。8月20日发明了被证实为爱迪生心爱的一个项目——留声机。1878年爱迪生宣称要解决电照明的问题。英国皇家学会举办留声机展览。改良留声机，设计微音器，扩音器，空中扬声器，声音发动机，调音发动机，微热计，验味计等。2月19日获留声机专利。7月与宾夕法尼亚大学派克教授赴怀俄明观察日全蚀，并用他发明的气温计测量太阳周围全体的温度。8月返回门罗公园，重新投入科研实验当中。英国批准爱迪生“录放机”专利申请。9月访问康涅狄克州的威廉·华莱士。开始进行发明电灯的研究。10月5日提出等一份关于铂丝“电灯”的专利申请。1879—1880年经数千次的挫折发明高阻力白炽灯。改良发电机。设计电流新分布法，电路的调准和计算法。发明电灯座和开关。发明磁力析矿法。1879年8月30日爱迪生和贝尔在萨拉托加溪市的市政厅各自演示了电话装置，结果爱迪生的电话比贝尔的清晰。10月21日发明高阻力白炽灯，它连续点燃了40个小时。11月1日申请碳丝灯专利。12月21日《纽约快报》报道了爱迪生的白炽电灯。12月25日对来自纽约市的3000名参观者在门罗公园作公开电灯表演。1880年研究直升机。获得电灯发明专利权。制成磁力筛矿器。1月28日提出“电力输配系统”专利书。2月18日《斯克立柏月刊》发表了《爱迪生的电灯》一文，正式发表了电灯的发明。5月第一艘由电灯照明的“哥伦比亚号”轮船试航成功。12月成立纽约爱迪生电力照明公司。1881纽约第五大街总部设立。成立一个白炽灯厂于纽约克。设立发电机，地下电线，电灯零件的制造厂。在门罗公园试验电车。1882发明电流三线分布制。申请专利141项。9月4日成立第一所中央厂。12月底美国各地建立了150多个小电站。1885年5月23日提出无线电报专利。1887—1890年改良圆筒式留声机，取得关于留声机的专利权80余份。经营留声机，唱片，授语机等制造和发售事业。1888年发明唱筒型留声机。1889年参加巴黎百年博览会。发明电气铁道多种。完成活动电影机。1890—1899年设计大型碎石机，研磨机。在奥格登矿地亲自指挥用新方法大规模开发铁矿。1891年发明“爱迪生选矿机”，开始自行经营采矿事业。获得“活动电影放映机”专利。5月20日第一台成功的活动电影视镜在新泽西州西奥兰治的爱迪生实验室向公众展示。1893年爱迪生实验室的庭院里建立起世界上第一座电影“摄影棚”。1894年4月14日在纽约开辟第一家活动电影放映机影院。1896年年4月23日第一次在纽约的科斯特—拜厄尔的音乐堂使用“维太放映机”放映影片，受到公众热烈欢迎。1902年使用新型蓄电池作车辆动力的试验，行程为5000英里，每充一次电，可走100英里，获得成功。1903年爱迪生的公司摄制了第一部故事片《列车抢劫》。1909年费时十年，蓄电池的研究，终于成功。制成传真电报。获得原料机、加细碾机、长窑设计专利。1910—1914年完成圆盘式留声机，不损唱片和金钢石唱片。完成有声电影机。1910年发明“圆盘唱片”。1912年发明“有声电影”。研制成传语留声机。1914—1915年发明石碳酸综合制造法，并合留声机和授语机为远写机，一方电话机可自动纪录对方说话。自行制造苯、靛油等。1915—1918年完成发明39件之多，其中最著名的是鱼雷机械装置，喷火器和水底潜望镜等。1927年完成长时间唱片。1928年从野草中提炼橡胶成功1931年10月18日，爱迪生在西奥伦治逝世，终年84岁，1931年10月21日，全美国熄灯以示哀悼。爱迪生一生共发明了1000多样机器。被誉为“发明大王” 【名言】● 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加百分之一的灵感，但那百分之一的灵感是最重要的，甚至比那百分之九十九的灵感还重要。● 惊奇就是科学的种子。 ● 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以当心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。 ● 读书之于精神，恰如运动之于身体。● 爱情不会因为理智而变得淡漠，也不会因为雄心壮志而丧失殆尽。它是第二生命；它渗入灵魂，温暖着每一条血管，跳动在每一次脉搏之中。 ● 当你希望成功，当以恒心为良友。 ● 友谊能增进快乐，减少痛苦。 ● 友谊能增进快乐，减轻痛苦，因为它能倍增我们的喜悦，分担我们的烦恼。 ● 我始终不愿抛弃我的奋斗生活，我极端重视奋斗得来的经验，尤其是战胜困难后所得到的愉快，一个人要先经过困难，然后踏进顺境，才觉得受用、舒适。 ● 发明是百分之一的聪明加百分之九十九的勤奋。 ● 人生太短，要干的事太多，我要争分夺秒。 ● 所谓天才，那就是假话，勤奋的工作才是实在的。 ● 荣誉感是一种优良的品质，因而只有那些禀性高尚积极向上或受过良好教育的人才具备。 ● 教育之于心灵，犹雕刻之于大理石。 ● 世间没有一种具有真正价值的东西，可以不经过艰苦辛勤的劳动而能够得到的。 ● 失败也是我需要的，它与成功对我一样有价值。 ● 登高必自卑，自视太高不能达到成功，因而成功者必须培养泰然心态，凡事专注，这才是成功的要点。 ● 如果我曾经或多或少地激励了一些人的，努力，我们的工作，曾经或多或少或少地扩展了人类的理解范围，因而给这个世界增添了一分欢乐，那我也就感到满足了。 ● 人生在世界是短暂的，对这短暂的人生，我们最好的报答就是工作。 ● 读书对于智慧，就像体操对于身体一样。——爱迪生名言● 不下决心培养思考的人，便失去了生活中的最大乐趣。 ● 没有任何权宜之计可以让人逃避真正的劳动——思考。 ● 如果我曾经或多或少地激励了一些人的努力，我们的工作，曾经或多或少或少地扩展了人类的理解范围，因而给这个世界增添了一分欢乐，那我也就感到满足了。 ● 我的人生哲学是工作，我要揭示大自然的奥妙，为人类造福。 ● 我的人生哲学是工作，我要揭示大自然的奥秘，并以此为人类造福。我们在世的短暂的一生中，我不知道还有什么比这种服务更好的了。 ●If you wish to succeed， you should use persistence as your good friend， experience as your reference， prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。 ● Most people miss opportunities because opportunity is dressed in overalls and lookslike hard work. 大多数人失去工作，是因为这些工作披着“辛勤”的外衣。● 一个人年轻的时候，不会思索，他将一事无成。 ● 天才是百分之一的灵感，百分之九十九的血汗。● 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为友，以经验为参谋，以当心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。 ● 好动与不满足是进步的第一必须品。 ● 失败也是我所需要的，它和成功对我一样有价值。只有在我知道一切做不好的方法以后，我才知道做好一件工作的方法是什么。 ● 世间没有一种具有真正价值的东西，可以不经过艰苦辛勤劳动而能够得到的。 ● 任何问题都有解决的办法，无法可想的事是没有的。要是你果真弄到了无法可想的地步，那也只能怨自己是笨蛋，是懒汉。 ● 如果你希望成功，就以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟吧。

The Edison Effect大发明家──爱迪生

There are many people who say Thomas Edison single-handedly invented the twentieth century.

Although there are those who may disagree, one thing cannot be denied: Edison was a genius, and his inventions greatly affected the development of modern society.

有许多人认为是爱迪生一手创造了二十世纪。虽然有不少人可能有不同的看法，但有一件事是无法否认的，爱迪生是个天才，以及他的发明深刻地影响了现代社会的发展。

Born in 1847 in Ohio, Thomas Edison attended school for only three months. After his teacher claimed that he could not learn, Edison's mother decided to teach him at home. There he was allowed to explore the subjects that most interested him. By age ten。

Edison had built a science laboratory in the basement of his family's home and had become an avid experimenter.

1847年爱迪生出生于俄亥俄州。他仅仅只上了三个月的学。在爱迪生的老师声称他有学习障碍之后，他的母亲决定在家教他。在家里，爱迪生可以随心所欲地探索最使他感兴趣的事物。十岁那年，爱迪生在家里的地下室建了一间科学实验室。从此，爱迪生就成了一位孜孜不倦的实验者。

Edison got his first job at age twelve on the railway selling candy and newspapers. Three years later, he suffered an ear injury from a train accident and lost much of his hearing 。  He could have had an operation, but he refused. He insisted that being deaf helped him concentrate on his experiments.

十二岁时，爱迪生找到了他的第一份工作──在火车上卖糖果和报纸。三年后，一场火车事故导致他耳朵受伤，几乎完全失聪。他本可以接受手术治疗，但他拒绝了，因为他坚信听觉的丧失可以让他更专心地做实验。

Thomas Edison's first invention was the automatic telegraph repeater. He was already an expert on the telegraph before he came up with a gadget that sent telegraph signals between unmanned stations. Thanks to Edison, people were then able to send several telegraph messages simultaneously .

电报自动转发器是托马斯·爱迪生的第一个发明。他发明的这种装置，用于在无人看管的两站之间传输电报信号，在此项发明前，爱迪生就已经是位电报专家了。幸亏有爱迪生，我们才能在同一时间传送好几封电报讯息。

Next came the electric vote recorder. It made voting quicker and more accurate, yet no one wanted to buy it.

Edison then moved on to tackle the stock market ticker, the machine that gave information about stock market prices. Edison improved it, and sold the rights for US$40,000.

接下来的电子记票器让统计票数的速度更快、更准确，但却没有人要买。之后，爱迪生转而进行股票行情收录器的研究，他把收录器作了改进并将该项专利以四万美元卖出。

In his late twenties, Edison built an "invention factory" where he and his business partners could dedicate all their time to inventing.

After improving upon the telephone, Edison created the phonograph,

his favorite and most lucrative invention. Although Edison did not actually invent the light bulb, he did create an electric lighting system which led to its widespread use.

近三十岁时，爱迪生盖了一座“发明工厂”，可让他和他的同事专心致力于发明工作。在改进了电话功能后，爱迪生又发明了留声机，这是他喜爱的而且最能赚钱的一项发明。虽然爱迪生实际上并没有发明灯泡，但他的确发明了电灯照明系统，这导致了灯泡的广泛使用。

A tireless achiever, Edison established the first central electric power station in 1882, enabling New York to be the first city in the world to have electric lights. This was the beginning of the modern world in which electricity became a way of life.

1882年，这位孜孜不倦的实践家建成了第一座中央电站，使纽约市成为世界上第一个有电力照明设备的城市，这就是现代世界的开始，电成为人们的一种生活方式。

The following year, one of Edison's engineers discovered electrons, which eventually led to electronics, the branch of science dealing with electricity.

This discovery was patented as the "Edison effect". Without electronics, we might not have radio, TV, computers, or space travel.

The rest of Edison's life was spent making and improving inventions including the motion picture camera, the alkaline battery, the copy machine, and the microphone.

第二年，爱迪生手下的一名工程师发现了电子，最后导致电子学的产生。这个发现以“爱迪生效应”获得发明专利。假若没有电子学，我们可能就没有收音机、电视机、电脑，甚至太空旅行。在最后的岁月里，爱迪生继续创造并改进那些发明，其中包括电影摄像机、碱性电池、复印机，以及麦克风。

Thomas Edison died at the age of eighty-four in 1931.

Three days later, much of America dimmed its lights in honor of the inventor— man who had more impact on the development of present-day civilization than anyone else in history.

爱迪生1931年去世，享年84岁。在他死后三天，美国大部分地区使灯暗下来来纪念这位在历史上对现代文明发展最具影响力的发明家。

扩展资料：

托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生轶事典故

天真好奇孵小鸡

有一次，到了吃饭的时候，仍不见爱迪生回来，父母很焦急并四下寻找，直到傍晚才在场院边的草棚里发现了他。

父亲见他一动不动地趴在放了好些鸡蛋的草堆里，问爱迪生在干什么，小爱迪生回答说在孵小鸡呀，原来，他看到母鸡会孵小鸡，觉得很奇怪，总想自己也试一试。当时，父亲又气又笑地将他拉起来，告诉他人是孵不出小鸡来的。在回家的路上，他还迷惑不解地问：“为什么母鸡能孵小鸡，我就不能呢？”

初尝试验

在爱迪生小的时候，他经常到邻居缪尔·温切斯特的家的碾坊玩。一天，他在温切斯特家的碾坊看见温切斯特正在用一个气球做一种飞行装置试验，这个试验使爱迪生入了迷，他想，要是人的肚子里充满了气，一定会升上天。

几天后，爱迪生把几种化学原料配在一起，拿给父亲的帮工迈克尔·奥茨吃，爱迪生告诉迈克尔·奥茨吃了这种东西人就会飞起来，结果奥茨吃了爱迪生配制的“飞行剂”后几乎昏厥过去。爱迪生因此受到了父亲的鞭打和小朋友父母们的警惕，劝告自己的孩子不要与爱迪生玩并远离他。

临终遗言

当爱迪生弥留之际，医生和爱迪生的许多亲友都围坐在他的床前，眼看他的呼吸已越来越微弱，心脏终于停止了跳动。可就在医生要宣布他死亡之际，他却突然又坐了起来，说了一句很奇怪的话：“真是想不到，那边竟是如此的美丽。”讲完这句话之后，他便与世长辞。

参考资料：百度百科-爱迪生