英语从句语法总结

从句，是复句中具有分属地位的分句，它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中，“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。下面是我整理的英语从句类型总结，欢迎阅读！

一. 宾语从句object clause：

定义definition：

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

连接词connections：

that: I think that you can pass the exam.

Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.

I don’t know where he found the book.

只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用：

I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用：

He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时：

It depends on whether he is coming. 三. 时态tenses:

1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1)She said that she was a student.

2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.

3)She said that she had finished her homework already.

3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

二. 定语从句 Attributive clause：

1. 定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句 2. 先行词指人 who /that 先行词指物 which/ that

3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后

4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的'代词

5.翻译方法 “…. 的” Eg.

1. Yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand.

2. The students who are from Maple Leaf School like learning English.

Whom: 先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom 1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best. 2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking. Whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示 “…的”

eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.

关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：

This is the first gift that my parents bought me. 2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：

This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen. 3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.

e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop 4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.

e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用that

e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.

6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头，只能用that引导. Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform? 当关系代词前使用介词时：

物+介词+which 人+ 介词 + whom 当关系代词前使用介词时：

e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.

三. 状语从句：Adverbial clauses

定义：

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语，或是整个句子。 状语从句一般分为八大类

时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句

1. 时间状语从句

When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。

When I opened the window, I saw him come up. When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。 I was walking along the street , when I met him.

When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。 Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. When=after

When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. While ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。 While we were in America, we saw him twice.

While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。

We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football. As --- 一边……一边, 随着

She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.

As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。 As I was going out, it began to rain.

The moment --- 一……就…… =as soon as , immediately, ---Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? ---Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her. Not… until --- 直到……才

He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work. Before --- 在……之前

The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs. After --- 在…… 之后

The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent. Since ---自从……, 通常主句用现在完成时

I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.

It is just a week since we arrived here. As soon as --- 一……就……

Jack went to school as soon as he got well. No sooner than --- 一……就……

no sooner… than… 用于句首要求倒装 Hardly …when… Scarcely …when…

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. Once --- 一但……就……

Once you see him, you will never forget him. Every time, each time 每次whenever 每当

Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.

2. 条件状语从句

引导状语从句的连接词有:

If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as --- 据……所知，in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是，以…为条件 If ---如果

If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane. Unless --- 如果不, 除非=if not

We can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight As long as --- 只要

We will succeed as long as we keep on trying. As (so) far as --- 据……所知

As far as I know, he speaks English very well. In case --- 假使, 如果

The plane cannot take off in case it rains.

英语八大从句类型与用法总结是如下：

1、When he was still a little boy,Jack London wrote some compositions which were praised by his teachers.

读为：杰克·伦敦还是小孩时，他写的一些作文就受到老师的赞赏。(不宜读为：他就写受到老师赞扬的作文)。

2、I met the boatman who then took me across the ferry.

读为：我遇到了那位船夫，他将我渡到对岸。(不宜读为：我遇到那位将我渡到对岸的船夫)。

3、While they were waiting there,a dog from one of the houses down the road began a wild,hoarse howl that continued until a voice called out and hushed him.

读为：他们正在那儿等时，从路边一幢房屋窜出的一条狗开始狂吠不止，直到有人出来喝住，它才停下来。(不宜读为：一条狗开始了直到有人出来喝住才停止的狂吠)。

4、 In the torchlight，he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkines,our local grocer.

读为：借着电筒的亮光，他看见一个人影，马上认出是当地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯。(不宜译为：他看见马上认出的是当地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯的影子)。

5、The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves that grow on the branches.

遇到这种一个从句扣一个从句的句子，汉语只有以简驭繁：断句。读为：蛇吃癞蛤蟆，癞蛤蟆吃虫子，虫子吃生长在树枝上的绿叶子。

类型与用法总结如下：

一、定语从句：

在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的有关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，why等，关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

二、状语从句：

由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。

三、名词性从句：

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

英语语法

1、一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。基本结构：主语+be/do+其他。

2、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态，过去经常或反复发生的动作。基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

3、一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主语+will/shall+do sth。

英语中六大从句用法总结bai1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位du于主语的位置，zhi如果从句较长，dao谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.It seems that the performance is very useful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。What we lack is experience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.I did know why I felt like crying.2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*I promised that I would change the situation.*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。He didn't think that the money was well spent.3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.The news came that their team had won the championship.5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。That is all that I've heard from him.He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。This is one of those things with which we have to put up.This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.5.定语从句*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。This is the computer on which he spent all his savingsIt is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)*方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.