教育家英文介绍

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

1、数学， Maths，Mathematics；数学家, mathematicians；

2、 天文，Astronomy；天文学家， astronomer；

3、地理，Geography；地理学家, geographer ；

4、考古学，Archaeology；考古学家, archaeologists；

5、生物，Biology；生物学家, biologist；

6、物理，Physics；物理学家, physicist；

7、艺术，Art；艺术家, artists；

8、音乐，Music；音乐家, musician；

9、建筑学，Architecture；建筑师, architects；

10、化学，Chemistry；化学家, chemists；

11、历史，History；历史学家, historian ；

12、 政治，Politics；政治家 , politicians；

13、教育学，Education；教育家, educator；

14、科学  Science；科学家，scientist；

15、哲学， Philosophy；哲学家，philosopher。

数学，数学家Mathematics, mathematicians文学，文学家Literature, writer天文，天文学家Astronomy, astronomer地理，地理学家Geography, geographer 考古学，考古学家 Archaeology, archaeologists生物，生物学家Biology, biologist 物理，物理学家Physics, physicist艺术，艺术家Art, artists音乐，音乐家Music, musician 建筑学，建筑师 Architecture, architects化学，化学家Chemistry, chemists历史，历史学家History, historian 政治，政治家Politics , politicians 教育学，教育家Education, educator

介绍：

孔子（公元前551年9月28日―公元前479年4月11日） ，子姓，  孔氏，名丘，字仲尼，春秋末期鲁国陬邑（今山东曲阜）人，祖籍宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑），中国古代思想家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。他开创了私人讲学的风气，倡导仁、义、礼、智、信。

孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国前后达十三年，晚年修订六经即《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》。相传孔子曾问礼于老子，有弟子三千，其中贤人七十二。孔子去世后，其弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成儒家经典《论语》。

Introduction:

Confucius (September 28, 551 BC - April 11, 479 BC), Zi's surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, a member of Luguo Haoyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Liyi,

Song Dynasty (now Xiayi, Henan Province), an ancient thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism. He initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

Confucius led some disciples around the world for thirteen years. In his later years, he revised the Six Classics: Poetry, Book, Ritual, Music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. According to legend,

Confucius once asked etiquette to Lao Tzu, with disciples three thousand, among whom seventy-two were sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their reincarnated disciples recorded the words,

deeds and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into the Confucian classic The Analects of Confucius.

扩展资料

人物生平

贵族出身

孔子的祖上是宋国栗邑（今河南夏邑）的贵族  ，先祖是商朝开国君主商汤。周初三监之乱后，为了安抚商朝的贵族及后裔，周公以周成王之命封商纣王的亲兄长微子启 于商丘建立宋国，奉殷商祀。微子启死后，其弟微仲即位，微仲是孔子的十五世祖。六世祖得孔氏，是为孔父嘉。

孔父嘉是宋国大夫，曾为大司马，封地位于宋国栗邑，后来在宫廷内乱中被太宰华督所杀。孔父嘉子木金父，木金父生孔防叔，孔防叔的孙子叔梁纥就是孔子的父亲，叔梁纥为避宋国战乱逃到鲁国的陬邑（今山东曲阜）定居，其官职为陬邑大夫。

圣人降世

叔梁纥的正妻施氏，生了九个女儿却没有一个儿子，小妾为他生了长子孟皮，孟皮有足疾，叔梁纥很不满意。于是叔梁纥请求颜氏让她三个女儿之中的一个立为妾，颜氏念叔梁年老且性情急躁，于是征求三个女儿的意见。长女和次女都不同意，只有小女儿颜徵在愿嫁叔梁纥。

颜徵在时年不满二十岁，而叔梁纥已经六十六岁，年龄相差悬殊，两人为婚于礼不合，夫妻在尼山居住并且怀孕，故谓之“野合”。孔子在鲁襄公二十二年十月 [10]  （儒略历公元前551年；格里历公元前551年9月28日。关于孔子出生年月有两种记载，相差一年，一般依《史记·孔子世家》说。）申时于陬邑昌平乡诞生。

Paul Mauriat's History

Aristocracy

Confucius'ancestors were aristocrats of Liyi in Song Dynasty (Xiayi in Henan Province today). His ancestors were Shang Tang,

the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty.  In order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty after the three prison rebellions in the early Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed King Zhou Chengwang to confer on Weiziqi, the elder brother of the Shang King,

to establish the Song Dynasty in Shangqiu and worship the Yin Shang Dynasty. After the death of the son, his brother Wei Zhong ascended the throne and Wei Zhong was Confucius's fifteen ancestor.

The sixth generation was born by Kong's father. Confucius Father Jia was a doctor of the Song Dynasty. He was once a master of the Song Dynasty. He was feuded in Liyi of the Song Dynasty.

Later, he was killed by the superintendent Huadu in the court civil strife. Father Confucius Jiazi Mu Jinfu, father Mu Jinfu, was born to Uncle Kong Fang. Uncle Liang Wan, grandson of Uncle Kong Fang,

was the father of Confucius. Uncle Liang Wan fled to Luyi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to settle down in order to avoid the war of Song Dynasty. His official post was Doctor Wanyi.

The saints descended to the world

Shu Liangwan's wife, Shi Shi, had nine daughters but no son. The concubine gave birth to his eldest son, Mengpi, who had foot disease. Shu Liangwan was very dissatisfied. So Shulianghe asked Yan to let one of her three daughters be a concubine. Yan was very old and impatient,

so he asked for the advice of her three daughters. Both the eldest daughter and the second daughter disagreed. Only the younger daughter, Yan Zheng, was willing to marry uncle Liang.

Yan Zheng was under 20 years old at that time, while Shu Liangwan was 66 years old. There was a great difference in age. They were not married because of the incompatibility of etiquette. The couple lived in Nishan and became pregnant.

Confucius was in October [10] of the 22nd year of Luxiang Gong (551 B.C. in Julian calendar and 28 September 551 B.C.

in Gregorian calendar). There are two kinds of records about Confucius'birth date, one year apart. Generally speaking, according to the History of Confucius, Confucius Family. Shen was born in Pingxiang, Changyi.

参考资料：

百度百科-孔子

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孔子，儒家学派编撰人，被后人推崇为儒家学派创始人，居联合国教科文组织评出的“世界十大文化名人”之首。相传曾修《诗》《书》，订《礼》《乐》，序《周易》，撰《春秋》。他一生从事传道、授业、解惑，被中国人尊称“至圣先师，万世师表”。孔子弟子及其再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，作成《论语》。Confucius, Confucianism compiler, was later regarded as founder of the Confucian School of thought, in the UNESCO's list of " the world's ten major cultural celebrities " first. Legend has it that have taken " poem " " book ", " book " ceremony " music ", " book of changes " order, " " spring and autumn author. He devoted his life to preach, teach, FAQ, is Chinese Confucius, the teacher for all ages. " ". Disciples of Confucius and his disciples to Confucius and his disciples words and deeds quotations and thought is recorded, as " the Analects of Confucius ". 鲁迅于清朝光绪七年辛巳年八月初三（1881年9月25日） 生于浙江绍兴府会稽县东昌坊口新台门周家，鲁迅原名周树人,字豫山、豫亭、豫才。至三十八岁，使用鲁迅为笔名。二弟周作人，三弟周建人，合称为“周氏三兄弟”。Lu Xun in the Qing Guangxu seven years Xin Si years August Junior (September 25, 1881) was born in Zhejiang Prefecture of Shaoxing Kuaiji County square mouth new door Zhou, Lu Xun Zhou Shuren, the word Yu, Yu Ting, relaxation only hill. To thirty-eight years, using Lu Xun as a pseudonym. Brother Zhou Zuoren, brother ZHOU Jianren, collectively referred to as the " Zhou's three brothers " 董仲舒，是西汉一位与时俱进的思想家，西汉时期著名的唯心主义哲学家和今文经学大师。出生年代（前179～前104）中国汉代思想家，政治家。景帝时任博士，讲授《公羊春秋》。汉武帝元光元年（前134），董仲舒在著名的《 举贤良对策》中，提出他的哲学体系的基本要点，并建议“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，为汉武帝所采纳。Dong Zhongshu, the Western Han Dynasty a with the thinkers in Han Dynasty, the famous idealism philosopher and master of new text school. Date of birth ( 179～104 ) Han Chinese thinker, statesman. Emperor Ren, teach " RAM age ". Emperor yuan light year ( before 134), Dong Zhongshu in the famous " for good " in put forward countermeasures, his system of philosophy basic main point, and suggested that " deposed 100, Confucianism ", as adopted by the emperor.

Confucius was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life.His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty.Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (论语), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius, but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋).