必修五英语电子书

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原文如下：

Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science.

He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable.

In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists.

In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery.

It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier.

There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy.In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.

译文：

霍金成长在一个知识分子家庭之外的伦敦。他的父亲是一名医生和热带疾病专家，他的母亲在自由党活跃。他是个笨手笨脚的小学生，但从很早就知道他想学科学。他变得越来越熟练的数学，1958他和一些朋友建立了一个原始的电脑，实际工作。1959，他获得了牛津大学的奖学金，在那里他的智力能力变得更加引人注目。1962，他以优异的成绩获得学位，并去剑桥大学攻读宇宙学博士学位。在那里，他开始对黑洞（最初由J.罗伯特·奥本海默提出）和“时空奇点”或物理定律似乎崩溃的事件感兴趣。在获得博士学位后，他留在剑桥，甚至在他20多岁时就因为开创性的思想和利用爱因斯坦的公式，以及对年长的、公认的物理学家的质疑而闻名。

1968年，他加入了剑桥天文研究所的工作人员，开始用非常复杂的数学方法把热力学定律应用于黑洞。他出版了非常专业的书《时空的大规模结构》，但很快就有了惊人的发现。人们一直认为没有什么能逃脱黑洞；霍金提出，在某些条件下，黑洞可以发射亚原子粒子。这就是现在已知的霍金辐射。他继续研究宇宙起源的理论，并找到了将相对论（重力）与量子力学（原子的内部运作）联系起来的方法。这极大地促进了物理学家所谓的大统一理论，一种在一个方程中解释宇宙中所有物理物质的方法。

在32岁那年，他被任命为皇家学会会员。他获得了艾伯特-爱因斯坦奖，这是理论物理学中最有声望的奖项。1979年，他被任命为剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授，300年前，艾萨克·牛顿爵士担任过这个职位。在那里他开始质疑宇宙大爆炸理论，那时大多数人已经接受了。他暗示，也许，从来没有开始，也没有结束，而只是改变——一个宇宙通过时空上的小故障不断向另一个宇宙过渡。一直以来，他都在挖掘黑洞，弦论，以及我们银河系中黑洞的诞生。

1988年，霍金写了《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》，为广大读者解释了他对宇宙思想的演变。它成了畅销书，源远流长，确立了他作为一个天才的名声。他写了其他受欢迎的文章，出现在电影和电视上。他仍然非常忙，他的工作几乎没有减慢Lou Gehrig的疾病（肌萎缩侧索硬化症，一种影响肌肉控制的疾病），他使用轮椅，通过电脑和语音合成器讲话。

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking，1942年1月8日至2018年3月14日），男，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。

1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论——爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。获得CH（英国荣誉勋爵）、CBE（大英帝国司令勋章）、FRS（英国皇家学会会员）、FRSA（英国皇家艺术协会会员）等荣誉。

2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》。物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金11月6日表示，技术有望逆转工业化对地球造成的一些危害，有助于消除疾病和贫困，但人工智能需要加以控制。2017年11月，霍金预言2600年能源消耗增加，地球或将变成“火球”。

2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。

买本辅导材料就好，随便哪个教育书店，新华书店或者学校边的书店都有卖。

翻译：

Most students take IQ tests early in their studies, and even if they never get their test results, they still feel that their IQ determines their future life.

大多数的学生会在学习阶段的早期做智商测验，即使永远得不到自己的测验结果，他们仍然感觉到自己的智商决定了自己将来的生活。

When they see other students doing better than they do, they believe those students have higher IQs, and they can do nothing to change that fact. However, the latest research on emotional intelligence suggests that success is not just the result of a high IQ.

当看到别的学生比自己做的好的时，他们相信那些学生有较高的智商，而自己对改变着一事实毫无办法。然而，对情商的最新研究表明，成功不仅仅是高智商的结果。

Your IQ shows how smart you are, and your EQ shows how well you use your intelligence.

你的智商表明你的聪明程度，而你的情商表明你会如何利用自己的聪明才智。

French Professor Jean-Marc Salovey, who coined the term "emotional intelligence", points out that in the workplace, a person's IQ determines whether he or she will be hired, while emotional intelligence determines whether he or she will be promoted.

提出情商这一说的法国萨洛维教授指出，在职场上，一个人的智商决定了他能否被录用，而情商决定了能否升职。

Prof Salovey's academic research suggests that eq tests may be more important than IQ as a measure of personality. Prof Salovey may be right.

萨洛维教授的学术研究显示，情商测验所衡量出的性格，也许比他的智商更为重要。萨洛维教授也许是对的。

For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class who you thought deserved good grades were struggling to pass? Their failure may be due to their low emotional intelligence.

例如，你是否曾有过这样的困惑，为什么班里有些你认为应该得到好的分数的最聪明学生却难过考试关？他们的失败也许是因为他们的情商低。

People often make the mistake of thinking that people with high IQs always have high EQ. This relationship may exist, but it is also possible that a person with a high IQ has a low EQ.

人们经常错误地认为高智商的人总是拥有高情商。这种关系可能存在，但是，一个高智商的人有低情商也同样有可能。

Emotionally intelligent people are generally considered to be open to new ideas and have a positive attitude towards life. They are less troubled by problems.

人们通常认为为高情商的人善于接受新观点，并对生活持积极的态度。他们较少被问题所困扰。

On the other hand, people with low EMOTIONAL intelligence often have trouble getting along with others and dealing with difficult situations, thus leading a difficult life.

另一方面，低情商的人经常在与别人相处和处理困难形势时有问题，因此会生活得比较艰难。

A person's IQ is thought to be innate, however, most social scientists agree that eq has a lot to do with education.

一个人的智商被认为是与生俱来的，然而，大多数的社会科学家都同意情商与教育有很大的关系。

Some people try to study the possibility of improving emotional intelligence, especially in terms of interpersonal skills, such as understanding and communication.

一些人试图研究提高情商的可能性，特别是人际技能方面，例如理解和沟通能力。

Professor meier is recognized as authoritative experts in emotional intelligence changes the study, he has recently announced the results of a study of middle school students.

梅耶教授被公认为情商变化这一研究领域的权威专家，他最近公布了一项对中学生的研究结果。

In some of the normal students and some disabled students to understand, they found that the normal students more than ever ready to help people in need.

在一些正常的学生与一些残疾学生认识后，他们发现正常的学生比以前更乐于帮助处于困境的人们。

Compared with other did not participate in the study of students, they can understand more disabled students' emotion.

同其他没有参加研究的学生相比，他们更能理解残疾学生的情感。

At the same time, the attitude of those students with disabilities has also changed significantly. They are more positive towards life and more willing to try new things.

同时，那些残疾学生的态度也发生了很明显的变化，他们对生活的态度更加的积极，也更愿意尝试新事物。

Such findings suggest that emotional intelligence is just as important, if not more important, than IQ.

这类研究结果表明，即使情商不比智商更重要，也至少与智商同样重要。

Getting ahead in the world and living happily and successfully means being able to get along well with other people, being able to understand situations and react in the best way possible. This requires a high level of emotional intelligence -- the higher the better.

在这个世界中领先并快乐地成功生活意味着能够与其他人很好地相处，能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应。这需要高的情商——越高越好。

The fact that emotional intelligence can be improved means that schools need to ensure that students receive the education they really need and know that their future is not entirely determined by IQ.

情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育，并且知道他们的未来不全是有智商决定的。

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