初二48个英语语法

动词时态的句子结构及关键词: 一般现在时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主语+be not +其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" ) 否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't) 疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess) 关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时 现在进行时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语. 一般将来时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他 疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 (will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall) 关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等. 一般过去时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主语+be not+其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他 疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他 关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 过去进行时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他 关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等. 现在完成时: 句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has) 否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他 关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的 时间或过去时从句.或this year alone"今年以来",these five years alone"这五年 以来",in the last ten years "在过去的十年中"等. 过去将来时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他 疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 (would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should) 过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中. 过去完成时: 句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他 否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如: by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住: It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right. 这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来. 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结： 一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例） 结构：主语 + be + 过去分词 时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done. 2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 3. 一般过去时： was (were) done * 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done * 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done 6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done 二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题. 1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P) 此结构不可用被动语态. (正) The flowers smell sweet. (误) The flowers are smelt sweet. 2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V) 此结构不可变被动语态. (正) An accident happened last night. (误) An accident was happened last night. 3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O) （1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children. （2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉. We should listen to the teachers carefully. The teachers should be listened to carefully. 4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO) （1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变. He showed us a picture . We were shown a picture. （2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. 常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等 常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等 A picture was shown to us. A dictionary was bought for me by my parents. 5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C) 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to” . I saw him fall off the tree. He was seen to fall off the tree. 6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态,系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态. I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣. *7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义.The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快.This book sells best.这本书很畅销. 英语语法大全下载 1、所有格：He is Fred's best friend.（-'s） 2、动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredo works.（-s） 3、动词过去式：Fred worked.（-ed）,但亦有不规则变化. 4、现在分词／进行时态：Fred is working.（-ing）（［注］如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running） 5、过去分词：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the police.（-ed）,但亦有不规则变化. 6、动名词：Working is good for the soul.（-ing） 7、名词的复数：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（［注］如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes） 8、形容词的比较级：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult". 9、形容词的最高级：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult". 英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外；另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序.（注：S：Subject［主语］；V：Verbal phrase［谓语］；O：Object［宾语］） 英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用.这十大词类是： 一、名词：表示人或事物的名称的词. 二、形容词：表示人或事物的特征的词. 三、副词：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词. 四、代词：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词. 五、数词：表示数量和顺序的词. 六、动词：表示动作和状态的词. 七、冠词：与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用. 八、介词：通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系. 九、连词：连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词. 十、感叹词：表示说话人感情或语气的词. 英语的时态 英语共有十六个时态、四个体.（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行.） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如：直陈式,命令式等. （1）一般现在时 基本形式（以do为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； 否定句：主语＋don‘t＋动词原形＋其他； 一般疑问句：Do＋主语＋动词原形＋其他. 肯定回答：Yes,＋ 主语＋do． 否定回答：No,＋主语＋don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语序 （2）一般过去时 be动词＋行为动词的过去式 was／were＋not；在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词 was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词 （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 (4)过去将来时 be（was,were）going to+动词原形 be（was,were）about to+动词原形 be（was,were）to+动词原形 肯定句：主语+be（was,were）going to+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+be（was,were）not going to+动词原形～. 疑问句：Be（Was,Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～? 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～. 否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～? (5)现在进行时 主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth 第三人称+is+doing+sth (6)过去进行时 肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 (7)将来进行时 动词be的将来时+现在分词 (8)过去将来进行时 should(would)+be+现在分词 (9)现在完成时 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 (10)过去完成时 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他） 语法判定: （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点.如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点.如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点.如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (11)将来完成时 （shall）will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 (12)过去将来完成时 should / would have done sth. (13)现在完成进行时 have/has been +-ing 分词 (14)过去完成进行时 had been +-ing 分词 (15)将来完成进行时 主语+ shall/will have been doing (16)过去将来完成进行时 should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

初中的英语语法知识点是非常重要的，下面我就大家整理一下初二英语语法知识点汇总，仅供参考。

(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：

Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)

The fish went bad. (作表语)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语)

(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

I have something important to tell you.

Is there anything interesting in the film.

(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。

Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.

You can take any box away, big or small.

(1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.

(2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.

(3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.其句式变化可分为两种情况 ：

(1)表示动作，一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?

(2) 单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well?

( 一 ) 词形转换:

1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king

3.comfortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety

( 二 ) 词的辨析

1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on

3. other /else 4. raise /rise

5.each /every 6.exciting / excited

(三)重点词组:

1.go on a visit to 去……旅行

2. make the decision 做决定

3.bring back 带回

4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行

5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定

6 see the sunrise 看日出

7. make a reservation 预订

8. come up with 想出(主意)

9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望

10. pay for 支付;赔偿

(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。

He studies very hard. (作状语)

Life here is full of joy. (作定语)

When will you be back? (作表语)

1)时间副词

时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：

He often comes to school late.

What are we going to do tomorrow?

He is never been to Beijing.

2)地点副词

地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：

I met an old friend of mine on my way home.

He went upstairs.

Put down your name here.

以上就是我为大家整理的初二英语语法知识点汇总。

1. look pretty 看上去漂亮的 1. taste salty 尝起来咸的 2. feel tight 感觉有些紧 3. smell sour 闻上去酸的 4. sound noisy 听上去吵闹的 5. so much food 这么多食物 6. get the food ready把食物准备好 7. can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 8. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 9. shake hands 握手 10. last message 上个信息 11. be proud of sb. 为某人自豪 12. have a party 开聚会 13. the first time 第一次 14. family member 家庭成员 15. say hello to sb.与某人问好 16. have a try 试一试 17. introduce sb. to sb.把某人介绍给 18. get angry with sb. 对某人生气 19. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事. 20. be excited about doing sth.做某事感到兴奋 21. do something wrong 做错事 22. ride a bicycle 骑自行车 23. would like to do sth. 想要做某事 24. make cookies 做小甜饼 25. What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了？ 26. What’ she like? 她为人怎样？ 27. What does she look like? 她长的怎样？ feel (感觉，摸起来) sound（听起来） look（看上去） 28.主语+感官动词(连系动词) seem （好象） +adj. smell（闻起来） taste （吃起来） keep （保持） become / get/ turn （变得） Module 8 1. around town 环城之行 2. go along 沿着---走 3. turn left/ right into---向左/右转 4. on the corner of (在街道)拐角处 5. between---and---在----和----之间 6. on the left of---在---的左边 7. opposite the market 在市场的对面 8. by boat 乘船 9. take boat 乘船 10. on a clear day 在晴朗的日子里 11. the way to -------的路 12. the best way 最好的方法 13. get off 下（车， 船） 14. go past 走过 15. go for a walk 散步 16. buy things you need 买你需要的东西 17. go swimming 去游泳 18. get something to eat 买些吃的东西 19. be full of 装满了--- 20. most of 大多数 21. at the ticket office 在售票处 22. follow it on the map 23. Where is the park? How can I get to the park? Can you tell me the way to the park? Is there a park near here? Do you know the way to the park? Module 9 1.濒危动物: animals in danger 2.需要做某事: need to do 3.没有喝水： without drinking 4.了解: learn about… 5.令人惊奇的事情:: the surprising thing 6.很吃惊地干某事: be surprised to do sth 7.干某事很悲伤: It’s sad to do sth 8.为了…而杀死: kill…for… 9.停止捕杀很难: It’s hard to stop killing 10.没有地方住: no places to live in 11.没有足够吃的食物no enough food to eat 12.这水不好喝: The water isn’t good to drink 13.带走它: take it away 14.住在森林里: live in the forests 15.决定不做某事: decide not to do 16:变得很严峻: become very serious 17.以…为生: live on… 18.照顾: look after (them, her…) 19.有足够住的地方:enough places to live in 20.越来越少的土地居住 less and less land to live on 21.制定计划: make a plan 22.生长得更好：grow better 23.最著名的科学家: the best-known scientist 24.以 而闻名: be famous for… 25.的标志（象征） the symbol of… 26.想起 think of… 27.考虑: think about (it) 28.例如: for example / such as… 29.几乎没有熊猫 very few pandas. 30.也，同样 as well as… 31.你真是太好了干某事 It’s really nice of you to do sth… 32.向某人展示某物show sb about sth.. 33.干某事的一个计划: a plan to do sth… 34.设计海报 design a poster 35.保持…干净: keep sth clean 36.保持地球的干净: keep the Earth clean 37.砍伐森林: cut down the forests 38.污染河流: pollute the rivers 39.为某人而工作: work for sb 40.在野外: in the wild 41.究竟 : on earth 42.听到那个消息很难过：I’m sorry to hear that. 43.使得某人发狂: make sb mad 44: 把它变脏: make it dirty 45. 查找它: find it out 46.和平地生存：live in peace. 47.自然保护区: nature reserve 48.最后: at last 49.干某事是有趣的: It’s interesting to do 50.需要保护: need to protect… 51.变得稀少: become rare 52.最濒危的动物之一one of the animals most in danger 53．出生： be born 54．由于许多不同的原因：for many different reasons Module 10 1. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 2. watch a performance of 看----的演出 3. the center of the neighbourhood 居住地的中心 4. say goodbye to sb. 向某人说再见 5. the Qing Dynasty 清朝 6. the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争 7. send sb. to some place 送/派某人去某地 8. the Teacher’s School 师范学校 9. from – to – 从----到---- 10. be named 被命名为 11. people’s artist 人民的艺术家 12. great Master of Language 语言大师 13. folk music 民歌 14. magic shows 魔术表演 15. at the teahouse 在茶馆 16. enjoy sth. 从某事得到乐趣 17. the twentieth century 二十世纪 18. give a wonderful welcome 热烈欢迎 19. take place 发生 20. make them study hard 使他们努力学习 21. fall in love with sb. 与某人相爱 22. marry sb. 娶了/嫁给某人 23. the best part of the film 电影最好的部分 24. the name of ----的名字 25. more than one meaning 不止一个意思 26. the same dream 相同的梦想 27. Beijing Children’s Art Theatre 北京儿童艺术剧院 28. a gold medal 金牌 29. somebody else 别的人 30. a well-known poet 著名的诗人 31. a writer for TV, opera and drama 一位集电视剧，歌剧及戏剧创作于一身的作家 32. finish doing sth 结束做某事 33. be good for 对---有利 34. understand their children better 更好的了解孩子 35. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 36. make a decision 做出决定 Module 11 1. The Spring Festival 春节 2. at the moment 现在 3. depend on 根据---而定/ 依靠 4. find out 找出，查明 5. choose carefully 仔细挑选 6. the places to see 要看的地方 7. in winter 在冬天 8. change colour 改变颜色 9. in the northwest 在西北 10. remember to do sth 记得干某事 11. freezing cold 非常冷 12. from time to time 时常 13. take an umbrella 带把雨伞 14. for a long time 长时间 15. on holiday 度假 16. best of all 最好的是 17. start to do sth. 开始做某事 Unit 1: How often do you exercise? 【应掌握的词组】 1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯 9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同 11. be different from 不同 12. once a month一月一次 13. twice a week一周两次 14. make a difference to 对什么有影响 15. how often 多久一次 16. although = though虽然 17. most of the students=most students 18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 19. as for至于 20. activity survey活动调查 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害 27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事 29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家 31. of course = certainly = sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩 33. some advice 34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不 35. keep/be in good health保持健康 36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的 37. take a vacation 去度假 48.get back 回来 Unit 2 What’s the matter? 【应掌握的词组】 1. Have a cold 感冒 2. sore back 背痛 3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进 4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache = There is something wrong with my stomach = My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach 5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ = What’s the trouble (with you)? = What’s your trouble? = What’s wrong (with you)? = What’ the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you? = Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up? 6. sore throat 咽喉痛 7. lie down and rest 躺下休息 8. see a dentist 看牙医 9. drink lots of water 多喝水 10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 11.That’s a good idea 好主意 12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了 13.I think so 我认为如此 14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服 = I’m not feeling fine/all right. = I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I don’t feel well. 15. get some rest 多休息 16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道 17. stressed out 筋疲力尽 18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了 19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医 21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和 22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛 23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡 24. healthy food 健康食品 25. stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit 26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself 反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快 =have a good time = have a wonderful time = have fun 27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物, enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth practice doing sth.练习做某事， mind doing sth. 介意做某事， finish doing sth.完成某事， give up doing sth.放弃做某事， can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事， keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ） be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做某事 spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事 prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...） 28. at the moment = now 此刻 29. Host family 东道家庭 30. Conversation practice会话练习 31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过 初二语法复习 1. so+谓语+主语：…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词 2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样. 3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．请随便吃点．．． 4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth 5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree. 完全不同意I really don’t agree. 6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原则 既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原则 既．．．．又．．．both…and….谓语用复数 7. 看起来，似乎It seems/seemed that….. 8. 由于．．．而闻名be famous for…. 更详细的语法可以看这里：） 参考资料：

情态动词用法归纳 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与不带to的普通动词的不定式一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。 情态动词后面加动词原形。 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1．He may /might be very busy now. 2．Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must. ---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. 2． I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2． Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1． How dare you say I’m unfair? 2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. 2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1．You needn’t come so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten o’clock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

常用动名词的短语1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 继续做某事 3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事 5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8、事11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、被用来作某事12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14、finish doing sth. 作完某时15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人作某事三、省略动词不定式的短语1、一看二听三使役see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)作某事好吗?四、 同义词比较1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.2、 forget / remember to do sth.忘记/记得要去作某事forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.I remember doing my homework3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事be used to do sth. 被用来作某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事eg. My father used to smoke.Wood is used to make paper.I am used to getting up early.4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 …也一样So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词 是呀,表示赞同别人的观点Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语…也不一样（用于否定句）eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.It’s a fine day. So it is.She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句)如此…以致…(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够eg. The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.五、常考知识点1、keep +adj. 保持…状态keep (sb.) doing sth. 继续做某事/使某人老是做某事eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.It’s too late, but he still keeps working.Lily always keeps us waiting for her.2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为make + sb. + adj. 使某人…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事eg. We made Peter our monitor.Books make us happy.He often makes me laugh.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.3、I don’t think that 我认为…不eg. I don’t think you are right.4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了eg. It has been two years since we met last time.6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?是什么意思?eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …? 你认为…怎么样?eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film? 8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?eg. What is the weather like?What will the life in the future be like?9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道 It's well known that 众所周知 It's thought that 大家认为eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数 …其中之一eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.11、neither…nor… 既不…也不（两者都不）either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是not only…but also… 不但…而且以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.Either he or you go to the park.Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.neither of 两者都不 either of 两者选一none of 没有一个以上三个做主语时，谓语动词用单数All of 全部 Both of 两者都以上二个做主语时，谓语动词用复数12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数 …比其余任何一个… 比较级+ than + the other+名词复数eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.13、When（当…的时候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一…就）, until（直到…才）, unless（除非/如果…不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.从句一般现在时eg. I will call you when he comes. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic. As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you. He won’t go to bed until his parents come back. Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others. 希望我的答案对你有帮助