英语动词不定式ppt

做主语，宾语，宾语补足语。可以用于非谓中表示将来。可以表被动to be blame。

to+动词原形，表目的翻译成 为了…

一、不定式的基本形式: to＋动词原形,有时可以省略to. 二、 动词不定式的特点: （1）没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语. （2）动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如: to read a book; to sing at the party. （3）动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语. 三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解. 能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等. 四、动词不定式作宾语补足语. 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等. 五、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系.（1）表示目的: The doctor came to operate on her. He has gone to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. The moved away the stone to let the traffic go. He got up to catch the train. （2）表示结果: The girl cried only to make her mother angry. （3）表示程度: She is too tired to walk any farther. She is strong enough to carry the heavy box. （4）表示原因: I was surprised to read the news. 能带不定式作状语的形容词有: glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard 六、不定式作定语: 动词不定式作定语,一般要放在被修饰词的后面,不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系. We have lots of work to do. Would you like something to drink? I want to get something to read during my holiday. That’s a difficult question to answer. 【注意】如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词. 如: He is looking for a room to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. He has nothing to worry about. There is not enough space to stand in on the earth.. She is a nice person to work with. a place to go to. 七、动词不定式作主语: 如 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 在现代英语中,常用it来作形式主语,而把真正的动词不定式主语放在后面.即句型: “It is＋形容词＋for （ of） sb. to do sth.”中，当形容词是kind ，nice ， good ， clever ， careful ， careless , right , wrong , foolish 等表示人的性格特征时, 用of ; 如果形容词为difficult , easy , hard, important ,interesting, possible ,necessary 等表示事物的特征时, 用for. It is necessary / important / easy / hard/ possible for us to learn English well. It is very kind /nice / good of you to help me with my English. ※ 在句型: 主语＋find / think / feel / make +it +形容词+ to do sth.中,it为形式宾语. I found it very important to learn English well. I think it easy to learn English well. 八、作表语: My job is to teach English. His wish is to become a scientist. 九、动词不定式和疑问词连用.动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which , how , when , where ,who 等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分.这时往往可以扩写成宾语从句; The question is how to use the computer. I don’t know where to go for my holiday =I don’t know where I can go for my holiday. He can’t decide which book to choose.= He can’t decide which book he can choose. I don’t know what I should do next=I don’t know what to do next. 十、动词不定式的否定形式: not to＋动词原形 Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed. 十一、动词不定式省略to的场合:（1）作动词let, make , have, feel ,hear, see , watch , notice 等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to. Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off the bike. （2）作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to. He didn’t help me（to）mend the bike. You have helped ( to ) protect our environment. （3）在助动词和一些情态动词如will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might , must , do , does , did , didn’t , don’t , doesn’t 等的后面,用动词原形,即动词不定式不带to. Will you help me? He doesn’t live here. It might rain . You must finish your homework on time. （4）在why not…? , had better , would rather 等的后面也跟不带to的动词不定式.（原形） Why not buy a dictionary? You had better （not）stay at home. I would rather go early. （5）在第二个不定式前一般不带to. I would like to lie down and go to sleep. Do you want to eat now or wait till later? ※ 在下列答语中, to不能省略: －Will you join me in a walk?－I will be glad to. －Will you go swimming with me this afternoon?－I would love to. －Used he work in the factory?－Yes , he used to . Exercises: 1. We must find a person （做这项工作） 2. In my family, my mother is always the first one （起床） 3. Do you have （什么问题要问）? 4. There are （许多重要事情要谈） 5. This book is （不容易理解） 6.He was too excited （说不出话来） 7. Do you think him easy （容易相处）? 8. You must get him （今晚顺便到这儿来） 9. It was not good （早晨起床晚） 10. It was a mistake （没有帮他学英语） 11. Her wish is （成为一名大学生） 12.What worries me is （在会上演说些什么） 13. It is our duty （保护家园） 14. I opened the door （让新鲜空气进来）

动词不定式可做主语，宾语，宾补。

动词不定式(to do)是英语课的一个重点，也是很多考试中要考查的一个项目。你知道动词不定式的用法有哪些吗？接下来，我给大家准备了动词不定式的用法 总结 ,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

▼▼目录▼▼

动词不定式的用法总结

名词的所有格形式

英语动词不定式短语

●  动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆：

一、动词不定式在 句子 中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。

二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。

三、动词不定式 短语 具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。

1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。例：

To go in for sports helps you

stay fit.(book4，L28)

It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.

注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示评价的形容词。

例：It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him为逻辑主语)

2、表语：Our duty is to protect the enviroment.

3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

例：would you like to see my photos?

Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4，L11)

和plan用法一样的词还有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decide等。

I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)

4、宾语补足语：

(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。

例：I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4，L2)

(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，make，let，have，help等)后不带to。

例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.

5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

例：Vinny is the first disabled2 person to sail3 around the world.(book4，L1)

6、形容词补足语：在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。

例：Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.

7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。

例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(book4，L2)

8、“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。

例：He didn't tell me where to go.

9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”。

例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.

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●  扩展： 名词的所有格形式

A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后：

a man's job 男人的活儿

the people's choice 人民的选择

men's work 男人的工作

the crew's quarters 船员的舱房

a woman's intuition 女子的直觉

the horse's mouth 马嘴

the butcher's(shop) 肉店

the bull's horns 公牛角

the child's voice 孩子的声音

women's clothes 妇女的服装

the children's room 孩子们的房间

Russia's exports 俄国的出口

B .省字撇(')用于以s结尾的复数名词之后：

a girls' school 一所女子学校

the students' hostel1 学生招待所

the eagles' nest 鹰巢

the Smiths' car 史密斯家的小汽车

C. 以s结尾的古希腊或罗马的姓名之后通常也只加省字撇(')：

Pythagoras' Theorem 毕达哥拉斯定理

Archimedes' Law 阿基米德原理

Sophocles' plays 索福克勒斯的戏剧

D. 以s结尾的其他姓氏之后可以用's或单独使用省字撇(')：

Mr Jones's/Mr Jones' house琼斯先生的房子

Yeats's/Yeats'poems叶芝的诗

E. 复合名词是在最后一个词之后加's以构成其所有格形式：

my brother-in-law's guitar我姐 /妹夫的吉他

由几个词组成的名字可同样处理：

Henry the Eighth's wives亨利八世的妻子们

the Prince of Wales's helicopter威尔士王储的直升机

's也可用在首字母缩写词之后：

the PM's(Prime Minister's) secretary首相的秘书

the MP's(Member of Parliament's) briefcase议员的公事包

the VIP's(Very Important Person's) escort要人的护送(摩托)队

注意：使用所有格形式时，“被拥有的”人或物之前的定冠词就不用了：

the daughter of the politician=the politician's daughter这位政治家的女儿

the intervention of America=America's intervention美国的干预

the plays of Shakespeare=Shakespeare's plays莎士比亚的戏剧

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●  英语动词不定式短语

1.It's time to do sth./It's time for sth 该做某事的时候了

eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。

2.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事

eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。

3.Ask/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事

eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?

4.Allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that.

只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。

5.Be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事

eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do.

我做的一切都是正确的,我做了一切我该做的事。

6.Would like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事

eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。

7.Have sth/nothing to do 与……有关/与……无关

eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。

8.find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事……

eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。

9.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事

eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home.

我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。

10.It's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……

eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position.

对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。

11.It's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事

eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers.

一般来说,最好适用于薄层填充材料。

12.It takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间

eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间。

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