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初中英语基础语法5数词
数词
（一）基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词，初中英语基础语法5-数词。
1.基数词的构成
（1）1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,
sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
（2）21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
（3）101—999先说“几百”，再加and,再加末两位数或末位数；
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
（4）l,000以上,先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为
million,第三个“,”前为billion（美式）或thousand ,million（英式）,然后一节一节地表示。
1,001→one thousand and one
9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion（美式） seven hundred and fifty thousand million（英式）
2.基数词的'用法
（1）作主语
eg.Four Of them come from Paris.
（2）作宾语
eg.一 How many books would you like？
一I would like two.
（3）作表语
eg.Seven minus two is five.
（4）作定语
eg.There are three people in my family·
（5）作同位语
eg. You two will go swimming with us.
（6）表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。
eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.
（7）表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词，再加of hundreds of（数百,成百上千的）,thousands of（数干,成千上万的）,millions of（数百万）
eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。
（8）表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。
eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁（31—34岁）：
This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代；
（9）表示时刻
eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o’clock every evening.
（二）序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词，英语语法《初中英语基础语法5-数词》。
1.序数词的构成
（1）一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
（2）不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——~twelfih
（3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
（4）从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
2.序数词的用法
（1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。
eg.Tom is their second son.
He is the first one to come here.
（2）序数词有时可与不定冠词连用，表示数量上“又—”,“再一”
eg： He tried a second time.他又试了—次。
Shall l ask him a third time？还要我再问他—次吗？我已问了他两次）
（3）序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。
1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd
（4表示年、月、日时，年用基数词，日用序数词。
2005年8月15日：（英）15,8,2005=15th,August,2005；（美）8,15,2005=August 15th,2005
（三）基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。
No.1（1号）,No.3bus（3路公共汽车）,Room 103,（103号旁间）
The first lesson=Lesson Two（第二课）
（四）分数词的表达
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s
eg.1／3-one third；2／5-two fifths
（五）数学运算的表达
eg.3+5=8 Three plus／and five is eight.
9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30 Five times six is thirty ／six unutilized five is thirty.
8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.
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七月小太阳3小时前发布-
Ⅰ
twenty (或 a score of) cordless phones 20 部无绳电话
two scores of Web addresses 40个万维网址
Ⅱ
more than 50;over 50;above 50 五十多
Ⅲ
less than 50;under 50;below 50 五十来(个)，不到五十，五十以下
Here came nearly fifty students. 近五十名学生来到了这里。
He was back toward (s) 9 o'clock. 他将近九点回来的。
Ⅳ
ten more days 再 10 天
First add 25 grams of salt to the water. Then add 20 more grams of salt to it. 先加25克盐于水中，然后再加上20克盐。
Ⅴ
a mile or more 一英里或一英里多些
a long mile 一英里还多
a mile or less 一英里或不到一英里
a long hour 足足一小时
a gross 一箩(=12 打或 144 个)
a small gross 120 个，10 打
a dozen 一打;dozens 几十，几打
a score 20; a score of boys 20 个男孩
scores of problems 许多问题
a decade 十; decades 几十
Ⅵ
two hundred odd (或 two odd hundred) girls 二百多个女孩
twenty odd (或 twenty-odd ) ;twenty and odd 二十多，二十有余，不到三十
Ⅶ
from twenty to thirty; twenty to thirty 从二十到三十
between twenty to thirty 二十到三十之间
【注 1】ten(或twenty)to one 和 two to one 是英语惯用语，都作“十之八九”讲，用于对某一事物的估计，表示“几乎”、“必定”等含义。
例如：
It is ten to one that she will be late. 十之八九她要迟到。
【注 2】在体育比赛场合下说“two to five”，就不能理解为2到5，而应理解为2比5。有时口语中 to 还可省略，但说时中间有停顿。
Ⅷ
some thirty feet 大约三十英尺
= around (或<英> round) thirty feet
= about thirty feet
= thirty feet or so
approximately (或 roughly)ten miles
= towards ten miles 接近十英里或约计十英里;
in the neighborhood of thirty kilometers
= thirty kilometers or thereabout(s) 三十千米左右
It is something like four hours.
= It is more like four hours. 大概四个小时。
There are some four or five answers to this question. 这个问题约有四五个答案。
Ⅸ
one hundred and fifty 150
fifty-fifty 各半，平均地
Six and six make (或 makes) twelve. 6+6=12 (= Six plus six makes twelve.)
hundreds of people 好几百人
thousands of people 好几千人，成千上万个人
tons of people 许许多多人
thousands upon thousands of people(或 hundreds of thousands of peole)成千上万个人，许许多多人，无数的人
a hundred and one(或 a thousand and one)other factories 许多其他工厂(注意：若用 one 代替 a ，则变为“101和1001”)
a few hundredths of... ……的百分之几
within a factor of ten 在一个10的数量级范围内
公众号： 英语语法书
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