②It’s high/about time that+定语从句 从句谓语使用过去式或者should+原形
It’s high time that we discussed/should discuss who to do it.
我们是时候去讨论一下谁来做这件事了。
③even if / even though 尽管 从句谓语使用虚拟语气,降时态
Even though she had been here very soon,she would not catch the plane.
尽管她很快就到这儿,她也赶不上飞机。
4. wish /if only 如果...就好了
If only I were an adult.如果我是成年人就好了。
I wish she could love me. 如果她爱我就好了。
5.should / would like to have done,was/were to have done,was/were supposed to have done,had better have done,would/had rather have done等结构表示“本想、本该做而未做成”。
I would like to have gone with you,but I have no time.
我本来想和你一起走,但没有时间。
例题:
1.【2015·江苏】It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:如果我早知道日程安排,可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟,从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D项。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外,当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had,should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if,而将 had, should 或 were提到句首,从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。
2.【2018·江苏】There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
3.【2018·北京】They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
4.【2018·天津】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
英语中的虚拟语气用来表示假象,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,而不一定是一个事实,或与事实想反。虚拟语气,通过位于动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的虚拟语气分为陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气三类。如:If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in a air.如果我是只鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 事实是我并不可能变成一只鸟。
英语中分为三种语气:陈述、语气祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English.如果我是你,我就学英语了。虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法(条件句有两类,1.真实条件句;2.虚拟条件句) 1.如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。 2.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 如:If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。) 3.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 4.现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 与现在事实相反: 从句: 动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were) 主句:would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反: 从句 :had + 过去分词 主句 :would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 与将来事实相反: 从句:动词过去式,should + 动词原形, 主句 :were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 注: 主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。