苏州四大园林英文

中国四大园林=China's four greatest gardens苏州四大园林=Souzhou's four greatest gardens

苏州园林Suzhou gardens 狮子林Lion Grove Garden 怡园Joyous Garden 留园lingering Garden拙政园 Humble Administrator's Garden 沧浪亭 Garden of Surging Wave Pavilion一，留园lingering GardenThe Lingering Garden was listed from the first as cultural relics of national importance in 1961. With an area of 23,310 sq.m.it is celebrated for its artistic way of dealing with the spaces between various kinds of architectural form.Buildings make up one third of the total area of the garden,the hall of which being the most remarkable in Suzhou. The garden is separated into the middle ,eastern,northern and western parts. The ancestral temple and the house lie to the south of the garden. Featuring man-made mountain and lake scenery in the west and garden courts in the east,the middle part of the garden is the original site of the Xu's East Garden and the Liu's Hanbi Villa,and is regarded as the best part of the whole garden. The eastern,northern and western parts are the extensions of the Sheng's Garden. The eastern part is noted for its strangely shaped limestones,the northern part idyllic scenes,and the western part the delights of woody hills. A winding roofed walkway behind the small entrance of the garden,while leading to the places of quietude,shows the masterly use of contrast between big and small,straight and zigzag,and light and shade. After strolling for about 50 meters,one can catch a glimpse of lattice-windows revealing a half visible landscape garden behind. Interestingly enough,the view is changing at every step. The middle part of the garden is centered upon a lake with man-made moutain in the north-west and a numger of attractive buildings in the southwest ,such as the Hanbi Moutain Villa ,the Pellucid Tower,the Green Shade Pavilion,the Zigzag Stream Tower,the Hao Pu Pavilion,and the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the lake.The mountains made mainly of yellowstones and earth,believed to be desigtned and piled up by Zhou Binzhong,look very much archaic and splendiferous.The admirable Crane House, the Small Garden of Stone Forest, the Return-to-Read Study in the east with the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks as the chief stucture are laid out in such a way that the indoor spaces have been brought into perfect harmony with the outdoor spaces. With an evocation of infinity,they are successfully made to be labyrinthine. Flanked by the Auspicious Cloud and Mountainous Cloud peaks,the 6.5-meter-high Cloud-Capped Peak, the highest limestone in the classical gardens of Suzhou, is believed to be left behind by the imperial collector of the Northern Song Dynasty,Mass of buildings, including the Old Hermit Scholars' House, the Cloud-Capped Tower,the Cloud-Capped Terrace and the Awaiting Cloud Temple,are put up to give emphasis to the Cloud-Capped Tower,The northern part is now a bonsai garden in which about 500 valuable bonsai are put on display. The western part of the garden sets a fine example of good-looking earthen hills studded with yellowstones and covered with maple trees.There is a winding brook lined with peach trees and weeping willows. The number of stelae in the Lingering Garden has never been surpassed by any other gardens in Suzhou.Superbly inscribed with the works of more than a hundred calligraphers in the Jin,Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming ,and Qing Dynasties, these invaluable stelae bring to light the evolutionary course of Chinese calligraphy in the past 1,000 years. The whole garden possesses with pride 42 rooms and halls , a 670-meter-long roofed walkway,200 lattice-windows of different kinds, 44 parallel couplets and stone carvings , 373 stelae,and 17 such valuable old trees as gingkoes,southern wistaria,etc. which fall into 8 catalogues.2，拙政园 Humble Administrator's GardenChina's gardens generally can be divided into two kinds: the royal garden, represent by Summer Palace in Beijing and Mountain Resort of Chengde, and the private garden, represent by private gardens in Suzhou.Located in the northeastern part of Suzhou city, Humble Administrator's Garden, with a total area of 51,950 square miles, is the largest private garden in Suzhou, as well as one of the four most famous classic gardens in China (the others are: Summer Palace, Mountain Resort of Chengde and Garden for Lingering In in Suzhou). Around 1513, during the Ming Dynasty, the imperial inspector Wang Xianchen, returned to Suzhou after retiring from public life and built his garden. The name Humble Administrator's Garden was inspired by the essay "To cultivate my garden and sell my vegetable crop is the policy of humble man".The garden is representative of Chinese classical gardens in the Ming Dynasty, which are focused on a central pond with pavilions, terraces, chambers, and towers located nearby. Humble Administrator's Garden is divided into three parts: the eastern, middle and western parts.The middle part is the cream of the garden with marvelous mountains, clear water, exquisite buildings and exuberant trees and flower reminiscent of the scenery in the south of the lower Yangtze River. Elaborately conceived, the designer of the garden used the architecture technique know as "borrowed view from afar" in the layout of this part, aiming to enlarge eyeshot within a limited space. Seen westward, a pagoda would be seen sitting in western garden, which actually is situated 1km away from the garden.The buildings in the western part of the garden are properly arranged by the lake, in which the Hall of the Thirty-Six Mandarin Ducks and the Hall of Eighteen Camellias are most important. Both halls are furnished with ancient furniture, paintings and calligraphies hung on the wall, embodying the leisurely life of the master. To the end of west garden lies a bonsai garden, where about 700 bonsais are put on display, which is worthy of visiting.Humble Administrator's Garden is a typical example of the art of horticulture south of Yangtze River as well as a treasure house containing arts of architecture, calligraphy, carving, painting, and bonsai. It was listed as cultural relics of national importance in 1961.三，狮子林Lion Grove Garden Lion Grove Garden (Shizilin) is located on 23 Yuanlin Road, in the northeast of Suzhou-a city with profound cultural background and convenient developmental advantages. Lion Grove Garden is one of the four most famous and representative gardens of ancient classical style in Suzhou City. The other three are Blue Wave Pavilion (Canglangta), Lingering Garden (Liuyuan) and Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozhengyuan).Built in 1342 during the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) by Monk Tianru and a group of Zen Buddhist disciples as a memorial of their master-Monk Zhongfeng, Lion Grove Garden has changed hands and renamed a number of times. Its changeable history is because Monk Zhongfeng had once apperceived the Buddhism sutras at Lion Cliff on Mountain Xitianmu in Zhejiang Province. Also there was many rocks grotesque in shapes in the garden resembling lions. It was first given the name Lion Grove, this name was changed to Bodhi Orthodox Temple (Puti Zhengzong) in 1342. Lion Grove Garden had been a popular center of literati's and Buddhism activities. Many paintings and poems were inspired by the garden at this time.After Monk Tianru's death and the disbandment of the disciples, Lion Grove Garden grew more dilapidated day by day. In 1589 of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Monk Mingxing asked for donatives to rebuild the garden and temple, which were separated during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Huang Xingzu, the governor of Hengzhou, bought the garden and renamed it She Garden. His son, Huang Xi repaired and decorated the garden and gave it a new name - Five-Pine Garden in 1771. Good times don't last long-Lion Grove Garden was again left to ruin due to the Huangs'downfall and purchased by Bei family in 1917. After the national liberation, Lion Grove Garden was donated to People's Republic of China. From then on, the garden entered a steady and well-protected period.Covering an area of about 10,000 square meters (two and a half acres), Lion Grove Garden is an ideal sightseeing site as it has richly ornamental pavilions and towers in different styles; each has its own history and story. True Delight Pavilion (Zhenquting) is said to be the most magnificent in Lion Grove Garden due to its royal style and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, who visited the gardens six times, in 1765, wrote its plaque. The name of Standing-in-Snow Hall (Lixuetang) came from a Buddhist story about a pure-hearted Zen adherent standing in snow for a whole night to worship his master. Pavilion for Greeting the Plum Blossoms (Wenmeige) was a place where painters and poets indited. In addition to the plum treesaround the pavilion, all the furnitures and utensils inside are decorated or carved with beautiful plum blossom designs. Furthermore, many rare tablets and steles, paintings and calligraphies are kept in Lion Grove Garden , including precious artwork "Panoramic View of" by Ni Yunlin, also called Ni Zan, and the "Twelve Scenic Spots in Lion Grove Garden" by Xu Ben, both were famous painters from the Ming Dynasty.However, as the representative garden of the Yuan Dynasty, the most noted and attractive scenery of Lion Grove Garden is the labyrinthine rockery, which was mostly made of the limestone from Taihu Lake in Wuxi City. Reputed as the "Kingdom of Rockery", the rocks were piled up skillfully and ingeniously, and most of them look like lions in different postures and verves: playing, roaring, fighting, sleeping, or even dancing. It is said that looking north from Small Square Hall (Xiaofangting), one can see nine stone lions standing in a row and that is the Nine-Lion Peak. Due to the changes and ravages of the time and climate, the peak now only bears little resemblance to the lines. There are altogether 9 paths and 21 caverns cross among the steep peaks, sharp crags and narrow valleys made up by countless grotesque rocks. Walking through those numerous winding pathways and caverns of the anfractuous stone forest, one could easily lose one's way. With the old pines and cypress trees, the whole landscapes represent scenes of real mountains and forests.The whole structure of Lion Grove Garden shows a flavor of Zen Buddhism and is an apotheosis of the gardens' constructions. A part of the Imperial Summer Resort of the Qing Dynasty in Chengde of Hebei Province was a mimic of Lion Grove Garden. The garden occupies a very important place in history, representing the diversity of cultural and architectural development in Suzhou over the years.四，沧浪亭 Garden of Surging Wave PavilionSurging Wave Pavilion, one of the oldest gardens of Suzhou, lies near Sanyuanfang in the south of Suzhou City. Surging Wave Pavilion is simple and unadorned in structure, and elegant and lively in patterns of windows which are not identical at all and come out first of Suzhou's famous gardens. As the garden is a place for public activities, it is open and outward,

Keeps the garden Clumsy political garden

●中文名称：苏州古典园林●英文名称：The Classical Gardens of Suzhou●批准时间：1997年12月●遗产种类：文化遗产●遗产遴选标准：苏州园林中的狮子林、拙政园、留园和网师园，根据文化遗产遴选标准C(I)(II)(III)(IV)(V) 被列入《世界遗产名录》。2001年沧浪亭也被列入《世界遗产名录》。●世界遗产委员会评价：没有哪些园林比历史名城苏州的四大园林更能体现出中国古典园林设计的理想品质。咫尺之内再造乾坤，苏州园林被公认是实现这一设计思想的典范。这些建造于16～18世纪的园林，以其精雕细琢的设计，折射出中国文化中取法自然而又超越自然的深邃意境。●概况：中国东部江苏省的苏州是中国著名的历史文化名城，这里素来以山水秀丽，园林典雅而闻名天下，有“江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南”的美称。根据记载，苏州城内有大小园林将近200处。苏州园林是文化意蕴深厚的“文人写意山水园”。古代的造园者都有很高的文化修养，能诗善画，造园时多以画为本，以诗为题，通过凿池堆山、栽花种树，创造出具有诗情画意的景观，被称为是“无声的诗，立体的画”。在园林中游赏，犹如在品诗，又如在赏画。为了表达园主的情趣、理想、追求，园林建筑与景观又有匾额、楹联之类的诗文题刻，有以清幽的荷香自喻人品（拙政园“远香堂”），有以清雅的香草自喻性情高洁（拙政园“香洲”），有追慕古人似小船自由漂荡怡然自得的（怡园“画舫斋”），还有表现园主企慕恬淡的四园生活的（网师园“真意”、留园“小桃源”）等等，不一而足。这些充满着书卷气的诗文题刻与园内的建筑、山水、花木自然和谐地揉和在一起，使园林的一山一水、一草一木均能产生出深远的意境，徜徉其中，可得到心灵的陶冶和美的享受。其中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋（公元960～1278年）、元（公元1271～1368年）、明（公元1368～1644年）、清（公元1644～1911年）四个朝代的艺术风格，被称为苏州“四大名园”，网师园也颇负盛名。沧浪亭位于苏州城南，是苏州最古老的一所园林，始建于北宋庆历年间（公元1041～1048年），南宋初年（公元12世纪初）曾为名将韩世忠的住宅。沧浪亭造园艺术与众不同，未进园门便设一池绿水绕于园外。园内以山石为主景，迎面一座土山，沧浪石亭便坐落其上。山下凿有水池，山水之间以一条曲折的复廊相连。假山东南部的明道堂是园林的主建筑，此外还有五百名贤祠、看山楼、翠玲珑馆、仰止亭和御碑亭等建筑与之衬映。狮子林位于苏州城内东北部，始建于元至正二年（公元1342年）。因园内石峰林立，多状似狮子，故名“狮子林”。狮子林平面呈长方形，面积约15亩，林内的湖石假山多且精美，建筑分布错落有致，主要建筑有燕誉堂、见山楼、飞瀑亭、问梅阁等。狮子林主题明确，景深丰富，个性分明，假山洞壑匠心独具，一草一木别有风韵。留园坐落在苏州市阊门外，始建于明代。清代时称“寒碧山庄”，俗称“刘园”，后改为“留园”。留园占地约50亩，中部以山水为主，是全园的精华所在。主要建筑有涵碧山房、明瑟楼、远翠阁曲溪楼、清风池馆等处。留园内建筑的数量在苏州诸园中居冠，其在空间上的突出处理，充分体现了古代造园家的高超技艺和卓越智慧。拙政园位于苏州娄门内，是苏州最大的一处园林，也是苏州园林的代表作，明代正德四年（1509），官场失意还乡的朝廷御史王献臣建造此园，取晋代潘岳《闲居赋》中“灌园鬻蔬，以供朝夕之膳，是亦拙者之为政也”之意，名“拙政园”。四百多年来，拙政园几度分合，或为“私人”宅园，或做“金屋”藏娇，或是“王府”治所，留下了许多诱人探寻的遗迹和典故。 全园分东、中、西、住宅四部分。中部山水明秀，厅榭典雅，花木繁茂，是全园的精华所在。西部水廊逶迤，楼台倒影，清幽恬静。东部平岗草地，竹坞曲水，空间开阔。盆景园与雅石斋是镶嵌在拙政园中的二颗璀璨的明珠。拙政园西部一片清影摇曳的竹篱墙内，集萃着苏派盆景的精品，它被称为“名园瑰宝”，拥有50余个品种，近万盆盆景。雅石斋位于中部，一个池水、游廊萦绕的幽静的小院，里面陈列着室内清供佳品“奇石”，千姿百态的多种奇石配以红木座架供奉于案桌、条几，越显钟灵毓秀。网师园位于苏州城东南部。始建于南宋时期（公元1127～1279年），当时称为“渔隐”。清代乾隆年间（公元1736～1796年）重建，取“渔隐”旧意，改名为“网师园”。网师园占地约半公顷，是苏州园林中最小的一座。园内主要建筑有丛桂轩、濯缨水阁、看松读画轩、殿春簃等。网师园的亭台楼榭无不临水，全园处处有水可依，各种建筑配合得当，布局紧凑，以精巧见长，具有典型的明代风格。苏州园林在有限的空间范围内，利用独特的造园艺术，将湖光山色与亭台楼阁融为一体，把生意盎然的自然美和创造性的艺术美融为一体，令人不出城市便可感受到山林的自然之美。此外，苏州园林还有着极为丰富的文化底蕴，它所反映出的造园艺术，建筑特色以及文人骚客门留下的诗画墨迹，无不折射出中国传统文化中的精髓和内涵。●文化遗产价值：苏州古典园林的历史可上溯至公元前6世纪春秋时吴王的园囿,私家园林最早见于记载的是东晋(4世纪)的辟疆园,历代造园兴盛,名园日多.明清时期,苏州成为中国最繁华的地区,私家园林遍布古城内外.16--18世纪全盛时期,苏州有园林200余处,现在保存尚好的有数十处,并因此使苏州素有"人间天堂"的美誉。作为苏州古典园林典型例证的拙政园、留园、网师园和环秀山庄，产生于苏州私家园林发展的鼎盛时期，以其意境深远、构筑精致、艺术高雅、文化内涵丰富而成为苏州众多古典园林的典范和代表。写意的山水艺术思想中国的造园艺术与中国的文学和绘画艺术具有深远的历史渊源，特别受到唐宋文人写意山水画的影响，是文人写意山水模拟的典范。中国园林在其发展过程中，形成了包括皇家园林和私家园林在内的两大系列，前者集中在北京一带，后者则以苏州为代表。由于政治、经济、文化地位和自然、地理条件的差异，两者在规模、布局、体量、风格、色彩等方面有明显差别，皇家园林以宏大、严整、堂皇、浓丽称胜，而苏州园林则以小巧、自由、精致、淡雅、写意见长。由于后者更注意文化和艺术的和谐统一，因而发展到晚期的皇家园林，在意境、创作思想、建筑技巧、人文内容上，也大量地汲取了私家花园的“写意”手法。完美的居住条件与生活环境苏州古典园林宅园合一，可赏，可游，可居，这种建筑形态的形成，是在人口密集和缺乏自然风光的城市中，人类依恋自然，追求与自然和谐相处，美化和完善自身居住环境的一种创造。拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座古典园林，建筑类型齐全，保存完整，系统而全面地展示了苏州古典园林建筑的布局、结构、造型、风格、色彩以及装修、家具、陈设等各个方面内容，是明清时期（14--20世纪初）江南民间建筑的代表作品，反映了这一时期中国江南地区高度的居住文明，曾影响到整个江南城市的建筑格调，带动民间建筑的设计、构思、布局、审美以及施工技术向其靠拢，体现了当时城市建设科学技术水平和艺术成就。丰富的社会文化内涵苏州古典园林的重要特色之一，是它不仅是历史文化的产物，同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。表现在园林厅堂的命名、匾额、楹取、书条石、雕刻、装饰，以及花木寓意、叠石寄情等，不仅是点缀园林的精美艺术品，同时储存了大量的历史、文化、思想和科学信息、物质内容和精神内容都极其深广。其中有反映和传播儒、释、道等各家哲学观念、思想流派的；有宣扬人生哲理，陶冶高尚情操的；还有借助古典诗词文学，对园景进行点缀、生发、渲染，使人于栖息游赏中，化景物为情思，产生意境美，获得精神满足的。而园中汇集保存完好的中国历代书法名家手迹，又是珍贵的艺术品，具有极高的文物价值。另外，苏州古典园林作为宅园合一的第宅园林，其建筑规制又反映了中国古代江南民间起居休亲的生活方式和礼仪习俗，是了解和研究古代中国江南民俗的实物资料。沧浪亭 沧浪亭位于苏州城南三元坊内，是苏州最古老的一所园林，为北宋庆历年间（1041-1048年）诗人苏舜钦（字子美）所筑，南宋初年曾为名将韩世忠宅。沧浪亭造园艺术与众不同，未进园门便见一泓绿水绕于园外，漫步过桥，始得入内。园内以山石为主景，迎面一座土山，隆然高耸。山上幽竹纤纤、古木森森，山顶上便是翼然凌空的沧浪石亭。山下凿有水池，山水之间以一条曲折的复廊相连，廊中砌有花窗漏阁，穿行廊上，可见山水隐隐迢迢。假山东南部的明道堂是园林的主建筑，与明道堂东西相对的是五百名贤祠。园中最南部的是建在假山洞屋之上的看山楼，看山楼北面是“翠玲珑馆”，再折而向北到“仰止亭”，出“仰止亭”可到“御碑亭”。沧浪亭清幽古朴，适意自然，如清水芙蓉，洗尽铅华，无一丝脂粉气息。狮子林 狮子林位于苏州潘儒巷内，东靠园林路，元至正二年（1342年）天如禅师为纪念其师中峰和尚而建。因中峰原住在浙江天目山狮子岩，而园内石峰林立，多状似狮子，故名“狮子林”。狮子林平面成长方形，面积约15亩，东南多山，西北多水，四周高墙峻宇，气象森严。狮子林的湖石假山既多且精美，洞穴岩壑，奇巧盘旋、迂回反复。园内建筑，以燕誉堂为主，堂后为小方厅，有立雪堂。向西可到“指柏轩”，为二层阁楼，四周有庑，高爽玲珑。指柏轩之西是古五松园。西南角为见山楼。由见山楼往西，可到荷花厅。厅西北傍池建真趣亭，亭内藻饰精美，人物花卉栩栩如生。亭旁有两层石舫。石舫备岸为“暗香疏影楼”，由此循走廊转弯向南可达飞瀑亭，是为全园最高处。园西景物中心是“问梅阁”，阁前为“双仙香馆”。双香仙馆南行折东，西南角有扇子亭，亭后辟有小院，清新雅致。狮子林主题明确，景深丰富，个性分明，假山洞壑匠心独运，一草一木别具神韵。留园 留园坐落在苏州市阊门外，原为明代徐时泰的东园，清代归刘蓉峰所有，改称寒碧山庄，俗称刘园。清光绪二年又为盛旭人所据，始称留园。留园占地约50亩，全园大致分为中、东、西、北四部分，中部以山水为主，为原留园所在，是全园的精华所在。东、西、北部为清光绪年间增修。入园后经两重小院，即可达中部。中部又分东、西两区，西区以山水见长，东区以建筑为主。西区南北为山，中央为池，东南为建筑。主厅为涵碧山房，由此往东是明瑟楼，向南为绿荫轩。远翠阁位于中部东北角，闻木樨香处在中部西北隅。另外还有可亭、小蓬莱、濠濮亭、曲溪楼、清风池馆等处。东部的中心是五峰仙馆，因梁柱为楠木，也称楠木厅。五峰仙馆四周环绕着还我读书处、揖峰轩、汲古得绠处。揖峰轩以东的林泉耆硕之馆设计精妙、陈设富丽。北面是冠云沼、冠云亭、冠云楼以及著名的冠云、岫云和端云。三峰为明代旧物，冠云峰高约9米，玲珑剔透，有“江南园林峰石之冠”的美誉。周围有贮云庵，佳晴喜雨快雪之亭。留园建筑数量较多，其空间处理之突出，居苏州诸园之冠，充分体现了古代造园家的高超技艺和卓越智慧。拙政园 拙政园位于苏州娄门内的东北街，占地62亩，是苏州最大的一处园林，也是苏州园林的代表作，明正德年间（1506-1521），御史王献臣所建。后屡易其主，多次改建。现存园貌多为清末时所形成。拙政园布局主题以水为中心，池水面积约占总面积的五分之一，各种亭台轩榭多临水而筑。全园分东、中、西三个部分，中园是其主体和精华所在。远香堂是中园的主体建筑，其他一切景点均围绕远香堂而建。堂南筑有黄石假山，山上配植林木。堂北临水，水池中以土石垒成东西两山，两山之间，连以溪桥。西山上有“雪香云蔚亭”，东山上有“待霜亭”，形成对景。由“雪香云蔚亭”下山，可到园西南部的“荷风四面亭”，由此亭经柳荫路曲西去，可以北登见山楼，往南可至倚玉轩，向西则入别有洞天。远香堂东有绿漪堂、梧竹幽居、绣绮亭、枇杷园、海棠春坞、玲珑馆等处。堂西则有小飞虹、小沧浪等处。小沧浪北是旱船香洲，香洲西南乃玉兰堂。进入“别有洞天门”即可到达西园。西园的主体建筑是十八曼陀罗花馆和卅六鸳鸯馆。两馆共一厅，内部一分为二，北厅原是园主宴会、听戏、顾曲之处，在笙萧管弦之中观鸳鸯戏水，是以“鸳鸯馆”名之，南厅植有观宝朱山茶花，即曼陀罗花，故称之以“曼陀罗花馆”。馆之东有六角形“宜两亭”、南有八角形塔影亭。塔影亭往北可到留听阁。西园北半部还有浮翠阁、笠亭、与谁同坐轩、倒影楼等景点。拙政园东部原为“归去来堂”，后废弃。拙政园布局以水为主，忽而疏阔、忽而幽曲，山径水廊起伏曲折，处处流通顺畅。风格明朗清雅、朴素自然。网师园 网师园位于苏州城东南十全街。占地约半公顷，是苏州最小的园林。原为南宋史正志万卷堂所在，称“渔隐”。清乾隆年间宋宗元重建，取“渔隐”旧意，改名“网师园”。此后几经易主，乾隆十六年归瞿远村，加以改建，遂成今日规模。西楼小山丛桂轩为网师园主厅，轩的南、西为两个小院，幽曲深闭，桂香满庭。轩北有用黄石叠成的“云岗”。从轩西向北，可至蹈和馆和濯缨水阁。水阁悬于池上，倚栏照水，但见波光潋滟，柳暗花明。中部为主园，有池水一泓，清澈如镜。环池建廊、轩、亭、榭，夹岸有叠石曲桥，疏密有致，配合得当。池角为园内最小的石拱桥――引静桥。桥面长仅212厘米，宽29．5厘米。西部为内园，占地一亩，自成庭园。园中有屋宇、亭廊、泉石、花草，体现了苏州庭园布置的精萃。濯缨水阁和看松读画轩隔池相望，是读书作画的所在；月到风来亭和射鸭廊遥遥相对，是观鱼和欣赏水中倒影的佳处。殿春簃自成院落，是主人读书修身之处，环境幽静，具有典型的明朝风格。网师园的亭台楼榭无不面水，全园处处有水可倚，布局紧凑，以精巧见长。环秀山庄 环秀山庄位于景德路262号，原为五代钱氏金谷园故址，几经易手，多次扩建，清道光始称环秀山庄，又名颐园。环秀山庄面积不大，占地仅一亩许，且又无外景可借，造园家移天缩地，叠石造山，成就这一方名园。环秀山庄园景以山为主，池水辅之，建筑不多。园虽小，却极有气势。特别是乾隆年间叠石名家戈裕良所叠假山，堪称一绝，占地不过半亩，然咫尺之间，千岩万壑，环山而视，步移景易。主峰突兀于东南，次峰拱揖于西北，池水缭绕，绿树掩映。山有危径、洞穴、幽谷、石崖、飞梁、绝壁，境界多变，一如天然。主峰高7.2米，涧谷长12米，山径长60余米，盘旋上下，如高路入云，气象万千。戈氏叠山运用“大斧劈法”，简练遒劲，结构严谨，错落有致，浑若天成，有“独步江南”之誉。环秀山庄大厅四周都种植有青松、翠柏、紫薇、玉兰。万树城碧，花气袭人，为山池、建筑平添几分生机意趣。退思园 退思园位于吴江同里镇东溪街，始建于清光绪十一年至十三年（公元1885～1887年），由落职官员任兰生出资白银十万两建造。因寓有“退则思过”之意，故名“退思园”。全园简朴淡雅，水面过半，建筑皆紧贴水面修筑，园如浮于水上，是全国唯一一处贴水园建筑，体现了晚清江南园林建筑的风格。退思园总面积为九亩八分。此园一改以往园林的纵向结构，而变为横向建造，左为宅，中为庭，右为园。全园格局紧凑自然，结合植物点缀，呈现出四时景色，给人以清朗、幽静之感。退思园集清代园林建筑之长，园内的每一处建筑既可独自成景，又与另一景观相对应，具有步移景异之妙，堪称江南古典园林中的经典之作。艺圃 艺圃位于苏州市阊门内天库前文衙弄5号，始建于明代，曾名“醉颖堂”、“药圃”、“敬亭山房”，清初改称为“艺圃”。园内景致宜人、风格质朴，较好地保存了建园初期的格局，具有其很高的历史与艺术价值。艺圃的总面积约3800平方米，全园以约占五分之一的池水为中心。池水东南及西南两角各有水湾伸出，水口之上各架有形制不同的石板桥一座，使水面显得开阔流动，而无拥塞局促之感。池水之北修筑有以博雅堂为主的厅堂建筑。其南端建有小院，设有湖石花台，院南临池处建有水榭五间，两侧厢房则与池水东、西两面的厢房相连。池水之南有以土堆成的假山，并以湖石叠成绝壁、危径，既多变化又较自然，给人以奇秀之美、山林之趣，堪称园中的主要对景。池水之东有明代修筑的“乳鱼亭”，外有小径与各处相通。池水之西的“芹庐”小院，通过圆洞门与其它景区相隔而又相连。步入院门，即可见到院中小池，似与大池相通，这是苏州园林中的唯一一处。艺圃的这种以池水、石径、绝壁相结合的手法，取法自然而又力求超越自然，是明清时期苏州一代造园家最为常用的布局技法。耦园 耦园位于苏州市内仓街小新巷7号，始建于清代初年，至清末改称“耦园”。此园因在住宅的东、西两侧各建有一园，故名“耦园”，且“耦”与“偶”相通，寓有夫妇归田隐居之意。耦园三面临河，一面沿街，宅园总面积约8000平方米。该园的布局独树一帜，以四进厅堂的宅地为中心，东西两园与住宅之间以重楼相通。东园较大，占地面积约4亩，布局突出以山为主，以池为辅的特点。主体建筑坐北朝南，是一组重檐楼厅建筑。其东南角有小院三处，总称为“城曲草堂”。西园面积较小，以书斋“织帘老屋”为中心，分隔为前后两个小院，前院有湖石假山逶迤，后院有湖石花坛，园北立有藏书楼，西南角还设有假山、花木、湖石等，意趣盎然。耦园内最著名的景观称“黄石假山”，修筑于城曲草堂楼厅之前。假山东半部较大，自厅前石径可通山上东侧的平台及西侧的石室。假山西半部较小，自东而西逐级降低，止于小厅右壁。东西两半部之间有谷道，其东临一水池。山上不建亭阁，而在山顶、山后种植十余种花木，平添一番山林趣味。园内池水随假山向南延伸，水上架有曲桥，池南端有阁跨水而筑，称“山水阁”，隔山与城曲草堂相对，形成了以山为主体的优美景区。