英语字母拼读法

自然拼读法是国际主流的英语教学法，我国香港和台湾地区2000年就已引进此教学法，并已进入大规模推广和普及阶段。它之所以风靡全球，是因为这种教学法简单高效，符合人类学习语言的规律，尤其适合于非英语为母语国家的初学者。即使从来都没有学过英语的人通过学习和训练，在不依靠国际音标的情况下，就能达到“见词能读，听音能写”的惊人效果，学习效率飞速提升。

英语国际音标共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个、辅音音素28个。英语字母共有26个，其中有元音字母5个、辅音字母19个、半元音字母2个。因此，音素、字母、音标这三者是互相联系、互相制约和相互影响的。掌握五个元音字母的基本读音规划，同时，还要学会变通，有时读音只是相对，不是绝对的，有时会有一些变化。元音音素的读音规则要联系元音字母，元音字母组合，元音字母和辅音字母的组合与元音音标一起记。同时，还要与音标词和单词联合在一起进行学习。这样，可以由会拼读单词，慢慢学会怎样记单词，并能根据单词的读音记住和写出单词，也能根据单词中字母组合的特点读出单词。这样，把音素、字母、音标三者合为一体来学习，才能真正掌握字母和音标，才能学会独立地拼读单词，并由此过渡到记单词

1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等.4. 第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时， 前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等．5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读, 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些辅音不发音，如： ghost, comb, lamb等；要掌握一下和"h"联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh。6. 第六步，是特殊读法：单音节词，以元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音． 如： me, hi, go 等等Irregular: ar (car), ay (hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur (burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy (boy), ow等有其特别的发音．"c" 和 "k" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等.二. 直接拼读法的基本原理1．英语是一种拼音字母。英语是一种拼音（phonological）文字，英语单词是以字母组成，字母或字母组合构成了单词的读音。如：（1）辅音字母的读音： 音形一致的拼音：b[b],p [p], m[ m], f [f],d [d],t[t],n[n],l[l],g[g],k[k],h[h],l [l] ,r [r], v [v], w [w], z[z],音形不一致的拼音： c [k] [s] [ ], g [g] [d , j [d ], x [ks] ,y [j], s [s] [z] [ ] [ ]最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读sh [ʃ], ch [tʃ], th [θ], ph [f],（2.）元音字母的读音：元音字母的拼读，首先我要学生先了解什么是开音节？（以元音字母结尾的音节为开音节），什么是闭音节？（以辅音字母结尾的音节为闭音节），并和学生一起寻找发音规律，规律找到了，当学生了解了音节的规律，元音字母的发音就迎刃而解了。如：★开音节的拼音：A 发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。I发字母本身音[ai] I bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。O发字母本身音[u] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke, close, stone, clothes, broken等。U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。★闭音节的拼音：A 发[ ]口型要打大at, bat, bad, band, apple, animal, fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, family, capital, Saturday, than, had, grand, carry, happen, back, ran, badly, angry, sad, rang, flat, map, mat, van, man, ban, bap, can, cam, cab, cad, catch, hand, fantastic, thank, black, blackboard, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, swam, hat, sad, dad, mad, mat, pat, rat, sat，fan，lam，tad， van， wan等。E 发[e]让学生老师模仿口型 when, met, them, well, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes, yesterday, fell, hello, desk, red, yellow, ten, pen, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men, chess, bet，net，pet ret，set，tet，vet，wetI [i] different, bring, holiday, lift, ticket, big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, little, listen, thing, drink, visit, swim,O发[ ] 让学生老师模仿口型drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctorU发[ ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, muck, much, puck, lucky, fun, gun, Hun, nun, pun, run, sun, tun, up,字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。如;ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week, thirteen, fourteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,oa,字母组合的发[u]音：road, boat, coat, ir字母组合的发[ ]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,ar,组合字母发[ a:（a再s, ss前）也发[a:]：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，farclass, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等ow字母组合有时发[u]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等。ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛 look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, toon, 红椿 noon, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, toothear字母组合有时发 [i ]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear， near，shear，rear，searear字母组合有时和air一样发[ ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,oy字母组合发[ i ]音: boy, toy, hoy赶牲畜的呼叫声, coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, goy, 异教徒soy酱油；黄豆iht 字母组合发[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tightay字3、直接拼读法存在例外是一种正常现象英语单词的读音方法与拼写不一致，甚至一个英语字母有多种读音或一个元音可以代表多种发音。例如：字母Aa可以有八种读音：在开音节单词中发[ ei ]“date. make .came”等;在闭音节中发[ ]”map, cap, cat. ha等”；在s,ss前发[ a: ]”fast, pass, glass, class, passport”等；在轻读音节中发[ ],“about, above, again, abroad, ago”等；在单词want,中发[ ]；在单词“wall”中发[ ];在单词 “comrade”中发[ i ] ；在单词“many”中发[ e ]。另外还有一些字母组合。例如：ay; ea; ar; oa; ear; ai;等。总之，一个英语字母有多种发音或一个元音可以代表多种发音，这是一种经常现象，并不影响学生学习和掌握直接拼读。母三。1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音，y有时会被作为元音处理单音节词, y在末尾, y发“I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as “i”)): my, why, fly, sky多音节词, y在末尾, y发“E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)):daddy, mommy, baby2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等．Beginning ConsonantsEnding ConsonantsOne Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音，后边一个元音不发音．如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等．4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)Words ending in ll, ss, ffConsonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr)5.特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.6. 特殊读法(2) – 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)一个音节如只有一个元音, 且以此元音结尾，这个元音发字母音 (vowel at the end)．如：baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added) er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn), ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn), ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous), ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, snow), ue (cruel), ui (fluid)tion (attention), sion (expression), ending sounds :ang, ong, ung, edge, le7. 特殊读法(3) – 辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)．如：ghost, comb, lamb, write等"c" 和 "k" 在一起时，发一个音:quick, black等."q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音."p"和 "h"在一起, 发"f"的音:phone, photo.复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)c和g 的两种读音: 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音: center, cigar, gem, giant, gym，其他情况下c, g 发其字母音:can, clap, cup, great, glad.8. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)多音节单词:believe, multiple, syllable, compound复合词:homework, highway组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, gay快乐的, hay干草, lay设置

例如example是个多音节词，需要划分音节，拼读出每一个音节的发音，再把所有音节发音连起来就是这个单词的发音，用到的技术就是英语拼读，也叫自然拼读。划分音节：ex-am-ple（这里需要学习如何划分音节？）找出重读音节：am音节，元音字母a在闭音节am中发音/æ/,am发音/æm/;e在非重读音节ex中发音/i/,ex发音/igz/;ple是成音节，发音/pl/；因此，example发音/igzæmpl/