英语倒装句笔记

没抄错,的确没倒装如果倒装的话应该是Child as he is , can he take care of himself英语倒装句用法浅析 倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。 一、 表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 二、 承上启下 有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如: Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。 再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。 四、 平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如: Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 五、 使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如: Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响! 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 “Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ... “Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力.

DZ基本上就是把谓语提前或宾语提前!

英语： 英语倒装句用法浅析 倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class. 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。 一、 表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。 例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。 例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。 二、 承上启下 有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。 例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。 例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛 在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如: Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。 再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节: Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。 四、 平衡结构 英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。 1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。 例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。 例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。 从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。 2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如: Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。 3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。 五、 使描写生动 有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如: Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了! Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响! 以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。 “Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ... “Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。 倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。

东西太多了，这里粘不下。先给你前三个单元的，其他的你找我要。九年级英语Unit11. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、” “经过”、“乘车”等 如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!14. take notes 做笔记，做记录 15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。16. native speaker 说本族语的人17. make up 组成、构成 18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事… 如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English20. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。 I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。26. perhaps === maybe 也许27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如： 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。29. each other 彼此 30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如： The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful32. change… into… 将…变为… 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下34. compare … to … 把…与…相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来） instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。 I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。 He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。九年级英语Unit21. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 否定形式： didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。2. 反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句＋否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she? Lily will go to China, won’t she? ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 如：She doesn’t come from China, does she?You haven’t finished homework, have you? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如： He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？3. play the piano 弹钢琴4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣 如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物6. still 仍然，还 用在be 动词的后面 如：I’m still a student. 用在行为动词的前面 如：I still love him.7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking.9. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校11. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间” ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间） ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 Pay for 花费如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。12. take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有： take sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.take … to do sth. 13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。15. all the time 一直、始终16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如： A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hardly ever 很少 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前 助动词/情态动词＋hardly hardly + 实义动词 如： I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。 I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。20. be different from 与…不同 21. how to swim 怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如： It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事 She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car. I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 30. in the end 最后31. make a decision 下决定 下决心 32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如： His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 如： You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如： She is able to do it. 她能够做到。36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如： My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如： I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more == not …any longer 如： I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。38. go to sleep 入睡九年级英语Unit31.语态： ①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成 由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。时态 被动语态结构 例句一般现在 时 am are +过去分词is English is spoken in many countries.一般过去 时 was +过去分词were + 过去分词 This bridge was built in 1989.情 态动 词 can/shouldmay +be+过去分词must/…… The work must be done right now. ③被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如： Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如： LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞 让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如： I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车4. enough 足够 形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做… 如： I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句 He seems to feel very sad. It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。 如： They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.8. 倒装句: 由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。 She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。9. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。11. clean up 打扫 整理 如： I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。12. 程度副词：always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。13. 曾经做某事： Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如： Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。16. take the test 参加考试pass the test 通过考试fail a test 考试失败17. the other day 前几天18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词 agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如： We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。19. both…and… +动词复数形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如： Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.22. at present 目前23. at least 最少 at most 最多24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book.25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与think of 的区别 ①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。 ②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English.33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也 用于句中 either也 用于否定句且用于句末 too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。