英语音标48个实例

音标（International Phonetic Alphabet）是记录音素的符号，也是音素的标写符号，应用于语言学中。音标的提出者是H·斯维斯特 P·帕西 琼斯。英语音标中有20个元音，28个辅音，共48个。

I. 辅音（28个）

[p] pot pig put

[b] bed bag book

[t] tooth teacher tea

[d] dog dig duck

[k] cake keep cat

[g] grandpa girl green

[f] father fat foot

[v] five very vent

[s] small study bus

[z] jazz zoo zero

[θ] eighth forth tenth

[δ] those these that

[∫] cash shoe ship

[з] measure pleasure leisure

[t∫]chair chicken lunch

[dз] jack job change

[tr] tree truck train

[dr] dress drink drain

[ts] students coats cats

[dz] beds odds codes

[m] mum moon morning

[n] moon nut needle

[ŋ] ink link ring

[h] hello hurry hey

[l] look leg lake

[r] rain radio room

[w] window wake week

[j] yellow yes you

II. 单元音（12个）

[e] yes yellow bed

[ae] cat bad dad

[a:] are car far

[כ] pot got dog

[כ:] call tall or

[۸] cut nut but

[ə:]curtain further fur

[ə]mother color cooler

[i] ink big pig

[i:] jeep tea eat

[u] good book look

[u:] cool zoo tool

III. 双元音（8个）

[ei] age eight make

[ai] ice bike nice

[כi] toy oil boy

[əu] old joke gold

[au] cloud mouth cow

[εə] air fair chair

[iə] ear near year

[uə] cure dure pure

英语国际音标表（48个，带例词）

元音（20个）

长元音    /ɑ:/car     /ɔ:/ short    /ɜ:/girl     /i:/see       /u:/blue

短元音    /ʌ/bus     /ɒ/dog       /ə/winter   /i/big       /ʊ/good                /e/red      /æ/cat

双元音  /eɪ/cake    /aɪ/kite    /ɔɪ/boy    /ɪə/hear    /eə/hair                    /ʊə/sure    /əʊ/coat    /aʊ/house

辅音（28个）

清辅音   /p/pig      /t/ten        /k/kick      /s/sit      /ts/coats

/ʃ/fish  /tʃ/chair   /tr/tree   /f/friend

浊辅音  /b/bike     /d/door     /ɡ/give     /z/zoo    /dz/beds

/ʒ/vision  /dʒ/orange  /dr/dress /v/visit                /ð/brother

鼻音     /m/mum     /n/nose   /ŋ/sing

其他      /h/high      /l/lion       /j/yes      /w/water     /r/ride

台湾矿务局      /tw/twenty     /kw/quick       /ju:/fruit

元音音素：

/i:/ he she me bee key fee see deep jeep leave meet

/i/ bill big bit sit hit kit kiss dig dislike give pit

/e/ echo bet beg bell desk get let met net pet

/æ/ apple bad bag bat cat dash fat fan gap hat lantern

/ə:/ bird burger cur her fur dirty earth girl jerk curl purse first

/ə/ rubber ruler breakfast dollar daughter mother father better doctor loser

/∧/ bus but bug bubble basket cut dump mother son sun

/a:/ bar basket bar barbecue car dark far father pass salon

/כ/ boss god cock cocktail doll dollar dolphin doctor dog got

/כ:/ ball football basketball baseball ... board sport call door daughter law

/u/ book cook full good goodbye could hook look put wood

/u:/ cool school ruler do fool food goose whose who loose

/ei/ base bake cake case date fake face fame gate game

/ai/ I Hi my by Mike bike like fly sky try

/כi/ boy noise joy soy toy voice coin join boil soil

/əu/ go no boat coat note show oh so hope joke

/au/ how now shout doubt mouse mouth cow wow count found

/iə/ ear here tear dear bear fear gear near clear steer

/εə/ there hair bear dare fare fair care pear pair stair

/uə/ sure cure durable furious Jura jewel jewelry tourist lure mure

辅音音素：

/p/ put purse pass piece pipe pay play pingpong police polite push

/b/ bag bad bake bare bear bus but bird ...

/t/ it hit meet take ...

/d/ dig did do duck...

/k/ cook could school make...

/g/ guess get engage gap hug bug ...

/f/ fur flower fly fool wolf soft...

/v/ love glove dove village vollyball voice veichel vocation...

/s/ school sit see s...

/z/ zip zero zebra nose bees keys birds hers his theirs yours

/θ/ there this that those the then than them they mother

/δ/ think thin thick thirsty three third thirty birth earth thank

/∫/ she shirt shoe dash mushroom show shake shadow shame shaft

/з/ pleasure leisure

/h/ hope hole how who whose hat ...

/r/ red read ruler rubber rat race ...

/t∫/ chose chair chain ch...

/dз/ huge large japan january june july j...

/tr/ tree trousers tr...

/dr/ dress address dr...

/ts/ hats cats fats ...ts

/dz/ birds ...ds

/m/ money mother monkey mouth mouse m...

/n/ nose note no noise n...

/ŋ/ hang gang bang English king thing ...ng

/l/ like loud low ball l... ...l

/w/ we will want what why w...

/j/ yes yesterday yeah yammy young you your

国际音标严格规定以“一符一音”为原则，即“一个音素一个符号，一个符号一个音素”是读好英语单词必备的发音方法。

使用拼音方案的语言，同一字母在不同词中常有几种读法。例如：英语like和lit中的“i”，用国际音标注音，分别为[aɪ]和[e]，又如：普通话bān（班）和bāng（邦）的a，用国际音标分别为[a]和[e]。

此外，在不同的语言中，同一个音有不同的拼法。例如，英语的sh，法语的ch，德语的sch，波兰语的sz，捷克语的s ，实际上都是国际音标的[ʃ]音。

这些都是国际音标的长处，就是可以比较科学、精确地记录和区分语音（通行表上的音标计有辅音72个，元音32个，用来标注语音大致够用）。国际音标的排列，便于分析和掌握（辅音大致按发音部位和发音方法来定纵横坐标，元音按舌位高低前后来定位置）。

所谓宽式标音，是在严式标音的基础上，整理出一种语音的音位系统，然后按音位来标记语音，也就是只记音位，不记音位变体及其它非本质的伴随现象。因此，宽式标音又称为“音位标音”。例如，现代汉语中，舌面低元音有[ε]、[A]、[a]、[ɑ ]等多个，用宽式标音只用/a/就可以了。用宽式标音，可以把音标数目限制在有一种语言或方言的音系反映得简明清晰。