职称英语考试卫生

2017年职称英语考试卫生类A阅读理解训练题

2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了帮助大家更好地备考职称英语考试，网我为大家提供了相应的练习题，以下是2017年职称英语考试卫生类A阅读理解训练题，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

Older Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.

Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.

The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatones of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 percent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.

Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.

1.Why did older volcanic eruptions do more damage than more recent ones?

A. Because they killed off life more easily.

B. Because they were brighter.

C. Because they were larger.

D. Because they were hotter.

2.How did Wignall calculate the killing power of those older volcanic eruptions?

A. By estimating how long they lasted.

B. By counting the dinosaurs they killed.

C. By studying the chemical composition of lava.

D. By comparing the proportion of life wiped out with the volume of lava produced.

3.When did dinosaurs become extinct?

A. 300 million years ago.

B. 250 million years ago.

C. 60 million years ago.

D. 65 million years ago.

4. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 concerning dinosaurs?

A. They were killed off by an asteroid.

B. They died of drastic climate change.

C. They were wiped offby a volcanic eruption.

D. The cause of their extinction has remained a controversial issue.

5.What is the main thesis of the article?

A. Volcanic eruptions are not always deadly.

B. Older volcanic eruptions were more destructive.

C. Carbon dioxide emissions often give rise to global warming.

D. It is not easy to calculate the killing power of a volcanic eruption.

答案与解析：

1.A。细节题。题干：为什么远古的火山爆发比近期的火山爆发破坏性更大?利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段：古代的火山更具破坏力，不是因为它们更大，而是因为它们释放出的二氧化碳更能轻易地毁灭生命。

2.D。细节题。题干：Wignall是如何计算出远古火山爆发的杀伤力的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段。第二段有这样一句话：He calculated the“killing efficiency'’for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion oflife they killed offwith the volume oflava that they produced.(他通过比较火山释放出的熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例计算这些火山的杀伤力)。

3.D。细节题。题干：恐龙是什么时候灭绝的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段。其中有这么一句话：He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact ofan asteroid.(他没有提及6500万年前恐龙的灭绝，因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的'影响)。

4.D。细节题。题干：从第三段还可以推导出有关恐龙的什么样的信息?在讨论第三题的答案时，我们已经注意到了，Wignall没有提6500万年前恐龙的灭绝是否跟火山爆发有关，因为许多科学家相信恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响。这就说明，关于恐龙灭绝的原因在科学家之间是有争议的。

5.B。主旨题。问题问的是：文章的主要论点是什么?答案在文章的第一句：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history(古代火山更具破坏力)。

其实综合类，理工类，卫生类考试在原则上并没有严格的界限。综合类文章可以考到理工类去，理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。三类考试之间没有严格界限区分。国家在每位考生评定职称的时候，到底要求是理工类成绩，卫生类成绩，基本上国家还没有明确规定。到底决定报综合类，理工类，还是卫生类，可以根据两点依据进行选择：首先，咨询一下所在单位的人事部门，要评定职称需报考何种类别的职称外语考试。其次，如果单位没有明确的要求和规定，可以根据自己的现实情况选择。如果工作中接触的都是理工类的文章，那就报理工类；如果接触的文章是社会类文章，那就报综合类。希望对你有用！

理工类的适合人群：经济类、会计类、教师等其他类；理工类适合人群：工程师、建造师、项目经理等。这个有的还需要看单位的要求，总之很多含糊不清的都可以报综合类的。按照职称英语考试大纲的要求，A级要求掌握6000单词， B级5000单词， C级4000单词，但是对于普通学员而言，要通过职称考试并不需要掌握如此多的词汇，一般来说有些基础的词汇量，熟悉教材文章并能熟练有效地使用字典，就可以通过该项考试了。我们大多数学员的英语基础并不是很好，再加上工作繁忙，年龄偏大等原因，不可能在短时间内掌握这么多的词汇，所以我们所要做的就是让学员掌握其中大约1000左右的核心词汇，其中包括243组同义或近义的单词和短语。A B C三个级别是由难到易，A级中会有1/3的A级内容，1/3的B级内容和1/3的 C级内容； B级考题则一半是B级的难度，一半是 C级的难度；在每年的考试中A和B的区别可能就是一篇阅读理解而已； C是最简单的，稍具英文基础再经过一段时间的培训即可顺利通过。但在少数情况下，由于A级有可能在试卷中有更多原题（即书上的题），它反而会变得更容易通过了。单就通过率而言，实际上卫生类最高，综合类其次，理工类最低。

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。

每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。

考试总的评价目标是：

申报A级的人员在2小时内应完成3000词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；

申报B级的人员在2小时内应完成2600词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容；

申报C级的人员在2小时内应完成2200词左右的阅读任务，并能正确理解所读材料的内容。