英语的部分否定

英语中的部分否定(即不完全否定)有如下一些表示方法：

一、 all 的否定式：

not all…(或：all…not)表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”例如：

Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。

Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。

二、 both 的否定式：

not…both (或：both… not) “并非两个……都……” 例如：

I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。

Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。

三、 every…的否定式：“不是每……都……”例如：

Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。

This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。

四、 always的否定式：“并非总是(并非一直)……”例如：

He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：“不完全……”，“并非完全……”例如：

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。

I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。

六、 all the time 的否定式：“并非一直……”、“未必老是……”例如：

A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。

七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如：

He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。

如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如：

All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.

Both are good.---Neither is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.

He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.

He was here all the time. --- He was never here.

公式：be+动词的过去分词

应用范围：表示被动的情况,一般是及物动词有被动语态,切记不及物动词与一些固定词组是没有被动语态的.例如：happen,take place

另外还有have等词不常用被动语态的

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为：主动、主动、主去动.

例如：Many people speak English.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为：被动、被动、主被动.例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.

例如：He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.

一般现在时：am/is/are+taught

一般过去时：was/were+taught

一般将来时：will/shall be+taught

现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught

过去进行时：have/has been+taught

现在完成时：have/has been+taught

歌诀是：被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.

例如：

Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年.

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;

动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made?by them in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.

谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留.

歌诀是：情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

It ought to be taken away.

They should do it at once.

英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法： 一、 all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示\"并非都……\"、\"不是所有的都……\"例如： Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。 Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长很高。 二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) \"并非两个……都……\" 例如： I don\'t want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。 三、 every…的否定式：\"不是每……都……\" 例如： Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。 Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。 四、 always的否定式：\"并非总是（并非一直）……\" 例如： He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。 五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：\"不完全……\"，\"并非完全……\" 例如： The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。 He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。 I don\'t agree completely. 我并不完全同意。 What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。 六、 all the time 的否定式：\"并非一直……\"、\"未必老是……\" 例如： A foolish man doesn\'t make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。 七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如： He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。 This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。 She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。 如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。 He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。 如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如： All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it. Both are good.---Neither is good. Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it. He is always late. --- He is never late. We don\'t trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all. He was here all the time. --- He was never here. 英语中若干否定形式的比较,更详细的可以看看：）~

英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法： 一、 all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示"并非都……"、"不是所有的都……"例如： Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。 Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。 二、 both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) "并非两个……都……" 例如： I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。 三、 every…的否定式："不是每……都……" 例如： Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。 Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。 四、 always的否定式："并非总是（并非一直）……" 例如： He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。 五、 entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式："不完全……"，"并非完全……" 例如： The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。 He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。 I don't agree completely. 我并不完全同意。 What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。 六、 all the time 的否定式："并非一直……"、"未必老是……" 例如： A foolish man doesn't make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。 七、 not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如： He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。 This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。 She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。 如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。 He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。 如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)… at all 等。例如： All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it. Both are good.---Neither is good. Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it. He is always late. --- He is never late. We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all. He was here all the time. --- He was never here.